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ZubaidaBai_2016S-_为发展中国家的母亲准备的简易生产装备_
In the next six minutes that you will listen to me, the world will have lost three mothers while delivering their babies: one, because of a severe complication; second, because she will be a teenager and her body will not be prepared for birth; but the third, only because of lack of access to basic clean tools at the time of childbirth . 在接下来我演讲的六分钟内, 世界上会有三位母亲 在分娩时死去: 一位是因为严重的併发症; 另一位是因为她尚未成年, 她的身体状况还不足以胜任生产。 但是第三位母亲, 只是因为在生产的时候 缺少基本的清洁工具。
severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; childbirth:n.分娩;
She will not be alone. 这样的情况并不罕见。
Over one million mothers and babies die every single year in the developing world, only because of lack of access to basic cleanliness while giving birth to their babies. 在发展中国家, 每年都有超过一百万的母亲和新生儿 只是因为生产环境 不够清洁而死亡。
cleanliness:n.清洁;
My journey began on a hot summer afternoon in India in 2008, when after a day of meeting women and listening to their needs, 我的旅程始于 2008 年夏天 印度的一个炎热的下午, 用一天的时间来认识妇女们 以及倾听她们的需求后,
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
I landed in a thatched hut with a midwife . 我到达了一位接生婆的茅草小屋。
thatched:vt.用茅草覆盖(thatch的过去式形式);adj.茅草盖的;毛茸茸的; hut:n.小屋;木屋;[军事]临时营房;[美俚]牢房;v.(使)住临时营房[小屋]; midwife:n.助产士;促成因素;vt.助胎儿出生;促成;
As a mother, I was very curious on how she delivered babies in her house. 身为一个母亲,我很好奇 她怎样在她的家里为别人接生。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
After a deep and engaging conversation with her on how she considered it a profound calling to do what she was doing, 她认为她的工作是一项 多麽深刻的使命—— 关于此事,我与她促膝长谈——
engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
I asked her a parting question: 之后在临别时,我问她:
Do you have the tools that you need to deliver the babies? 「在接生时你会用到哪些工具？」
I got to see her tool. 她允许我看她的工具。
'"This is what I use to separate the mother and the baby," she said. 「我用这个来分离母亲和孩子,」她说。
Unsure of how to react , I held this agricultural tool in my hand in shock. 不知道该如何反应, 我拿着这件农具,震惊了。
Unsure:adj.不确定的;不肯定的;没有自信的; react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应; agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的;
I took a picture of this, hugged her and walked away. 我拍了张照片, 与她相拥,然后离开。
My mind was flooded with reflections of my own infection that I had to struggle with for a year past childbirth despite having access to the best medical care, and memories of my conversation with my father, who had lost his mom to childbirth, on how he thought his life would be so different if she would have been just next to him growing up. 我的脑海被记忆淹没了: 我在生产后的一年内 都被自身的感染折磨着, 尽管当时能够使用最好的医疗护理; 以及我和我父亲的对话—— 他在出生之时失去了母亲—— 他认为,如果母亲能够 伴随着他成长, 他的生命会大不一样。
reflections:n.映像;(声、光、热等的)反射;反映;显示;表达;(reflection的复数) infection:n.感染;传染;(身体某部位的)感染;传染病; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
As a product developer, 作为一名产品研发者,
I started my process of research. 我开始了我的求索之路。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
I was very excited to find that there was a product out there called the Clean Birth Kit . 我很激动地看到有一种 叫做「清洁生产装备」的产品。
Kit:v.装备;n.成套工具;配套元件;成套设备;全套衣服及装备;
But I just couldn't buy one for months. 但几个月来我都买不到一件。
They were only assembled based on availability of funding . 它只根据有无拨款来进行量产。
assembled:v.聚集;集合;收集;装配;组装;(assemble的过去分词和过去式) availability:n.可用性;有效性;实用性; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词)
Finally , when I got my hands on one, 最终,我终于拿到一件时,
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
I was in shock again. 我再一次震惊了。
I would never use these tools to deliver my baby, I thought. 我生孩子时絶对不会 使用这些工具,我想。
But to confirm my instincts , 为了验证我的直觉,
instincts:n.本能;天性;直觉;(instinct的复数)
I went back to the women, some of whom had the experience of using this product. 我回到妇女们身边, 她们中一些人有使用 这种产品的体验。
Lo and behold , they had the same reaction and more. 你瞧瞧,她们的反应有过之而不及。
behold:v.看;注视;把...视为;int.瞧;看呀; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
The women said they would rather deliver on a floor than on a plastic sheet that smeared blood all over. 妇女们表示她们宁愿躺在地上生产, 也不想在塑料纸上 把血迹沾得到处都是。
would rather:宁愿,宁可; sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; smeared:adj.脏兮兮的; v.胡乱涂抹; (smear的过去分词和过去式)
They were absolutely right — it would cause more infection. 她们毫无疑问是对的—— 这会造成更多的感染。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
The thread provided was a highway to bacterial infection through the baby's umbilical cord , and the blade used was the kind that men used for shaving , and they did not want it anywhere close to them. 该工具提供的丝线, 通过婴儿的脐带, 大大增加了细菌感染的可能, 使用的刀片是男人用来刮胡子的, 她们想要离这东西远远的。
thread:n.螺纹;线索;思路;脉络;v.穿过;穿(针);纫(针);(使)穿过; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) bacterial:adj.[微]细菌的; umbilical cord:n.脐带; blade:n.叶片;刀片,刀锋;剑; shaving:n.刮胡子,修面;削;刨花;v.修面,剃(shave的现在分词);
There was no incentive for anybody to redesign this product, because it was based on charity . 人们都没有重新设计 这款产品的动力, 因为它是基于慈善事業的。
incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的; redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计; charity:n.慈善;施舍;慈善团体;宽容;施舍物;
The women were never consulted in this process. 这个过程中从来没有 考虑妇女的意见。
consulted:v.咨询;请教;商议;查阅;查询;参看(consult的过去分词和过去式)
And to my surprise, the need was not only in homes but also in institutional settings with high-volume births. 令我惊奇的是, 不仅是家庭中对此产品有需要, 多产的公共机构中也是如此。
institutional:adj.制度的; high-volume:adj.大容量;
Situations in remote areas were even more daunting . 在边远地区的情况甚至更加糟糕。
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; daunting:adj.令人生畏的:令人胆怯的:v.使胆怯:使失去信心;(daunt的现在分词)
This had to change. 这一切需要改变。
I made this my area of focus. 我把工作重心放在了这上面。
I started the design process by collecting feedback , developing prototypes and engaging with various stakeholders researching global protocols . 通过收集用户反馈、 开发产品原型、 与股东建立密切联系、 研究全球性的协议标准, 我开始了设计的流程。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; prototypes:n.原型;技术原型;雏型; stakeholders:n.利益相关者;赌款保存人(stakeholder的复数); global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; protocols:n.协议; v.拟定议定书;
With every single prototype, we went back to the women to ensure that we had a product for them. 每一代的产品原型, 我们立足于女人的需要, 力求为她们制造出一款好的产品。
ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
What I learned through this process was that these women, despite their extreme poverty , placed great value on their health and well-being . 在这个流程中 我学到的是,这些女人, 尽管极度贫穷, 仍把她们的健康和舒适 看得十分重要。
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
They were absolutely not poor in mind. 她们的心灵絶不贫穷。
absolutely not:绝对不会;绝对不是;绝对不行;
As with all of us, they would appreciate a well-designed product developed for their needs. 和我们一样,她们会欣赏一件 为她们的需要而开发的、 拥有良好设计的产品。
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; well-designed:adj.精心设计的;设计巧妙的;
After many iterations working with experts, medical health professionals and the women themselves, 在辗转多次和专家们、 医疗卫生专家、 妇女们合作之后, 我该说这个过程一点也不简单,
iterations:n.迭代次数;反复(iteration的复数); professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数);
I should say it was not an easy process at all, but we had a simple and beautiful design. 但最后我们有了一个 简洁优美的设计。
For a dollar more than what the existing product was offered for, at three dollars, we were able to deliver "janma," 仅比原先提供的产品贵一美元—— 三美元,我们就能放送 新的产品「janma」——
a clean birth kit in a purse . 装在手提包里的清洁生产装备。
purse:n.钱包;资金;财源;备用款;v.噘嘴;
Janma, meaning "birth," contained a blood-absorbing sheet for the woman to give birth on, a surgical scalpel , a cord clamp ,a bar of soap, a pair of gloves and the first cloth to wipe the baby clean. janma 意思是「出生」,包含了 为分娩妇女准备的吸纳血液的纸张、 外科手术刀、脐带夹、肥皂、手套, 以及把婴儿擦干净用的布。
surgical:adj.外科的;外科手术的; scalpel:n.解剖刀;外科手术刀; clamp:v.夹紧,固定住;n.夹钳,螺丝钳; wipe:v.擦;抹;拭;消除;n.擦;拭;揩;(湿)抹布;
All this came packaged in a beautiful purse that was given to the mother as a gift after all her hard work, that she carried home with pride as a symbol of prosperity . 这一切都装在一个漂亮的手提包里, 这个包包,送给经历了分娩的 辛苦过程的母亲当礼物, 她们骄傲地把它带回家, 作为繁榮的象征。
symbol:n.象征;符号;标志; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功;
One woman reacted to this gift. 一位妇女对与这份礼物的反应是:
reacted:v.起反应; (react的过去分词和过去式)
She said, "Is this really mine? 「这真的属于我吗？
Can I keep it?" 我能留着它吗？」她说。
The other one said, "Will you give me a different color when I have my next baby?" 另一位说,「当我又有了一个孩子, 你会给我一件 另一种顔色的包包吗？」
(Laughter) （笑声）
Better yet, a woman expressed that this was the first purse that she had ever owned in her life. 更喜人的是,一位妇女说, 这是她平生拥有的第一个包包。
expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式)
The kit, aside from its symbolism and its simplicity , is designed to follow globally recommended medical protocol and serves as a behavior-change tool to follow steps one after the other . 这件装备,除开它的 象征意义以及简易性, 遵守了全球推荐的医疗协议标准的设计, 作为一个促进行为转变的工具, 遵循着步骤来解决问题。
symbolism:n.象征,象征主义;符号论;记号; simplicity:n.朴素;简易;天真;愚蠢; recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式) one after the other:相继地,一个接一个地;
It can not only be used in homes, but also in institutional settings. 它不仅可以在家庭中使用, 在公共机构中也可以。
To date, our kit has impacted over 600,000 mothers and babies around the world. 迄今为止,我们的装备已经 影响了世界上 60 万母亲和孩子。
impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的;v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词);
It's a humbling experience to watch these numbers grow, and I cannot wait until we reach a hundred million. 看着这些数字增长着, 令人感到渺小自卑, 我迫不及待地想让它变成 1 亿。
humbling:adj.令人羞辱的;v.羞辱(humble的ing形式);使…谦恭;使…卑贱;
But women's health issues do not end here. 但是妇女的健康问题并不是到此为止了。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
There are thousands of simple issues that require low-cost interventions . 有很多身体上的小毛病, 它们都需要低成本的干预、保护。
low-cost:adj.廉价的;价格便宜的; interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数);
We have facts to prove that if we invest in women and girls and provide them with better health and well-being, they will deliver healthier and wealthier and prosperous communities . 我们有证据证明:如果我们 往女人和女孩身上投资, 并且为她们提供更佳的健康和舒适, 她们诞生的孩子会使社会 更加健康、富裕、繁榮。
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; prosperous:adj.繁荣的;兴旺的; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
We have to start by bringing simplicity and dignity to women's health issues: from reducing maternal mortality ,to breaking taboos , to empowering women to take control of their own lives. 我们必须从此开始:为妇女的 健康问题带来简洁以及尊严, 从降低产妇死亡率,到打破禁忌、 让妇女们掌握自己的生活。
dignity:n.尊严;高贵; maternal:adj.母亲的;母性的;母系的;母体遗传的; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; taboos:n.禁忌(taboo的复数形式);v.禁忌(taboo的第三人称单数形式); empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
This is my dream. 这就是我的梦想。
But it is not possible to achieve it without engaging men and women alike from around the world — yes, all of you. 但是,如果没有世界上 充满热忱的男人和女人一起合作—— 它是不可能实现的——对,也包括你。
I recently heard this lyric by Leonard Cohen: "Ring the bells that still can ring. 我最近听到了由李欧纳·柯恩 所作的这几句歌词: 「敲击那仍能作响的钟,
recently:adv.最近;新近; lyric:adj.抒情的;吟唱的;n.抒情诗;歌词;
Forget your perfect offering. 忘记你那完美的供品。
There is a crack in everything. 万物皆有裂痕,
crack:v.使破裂;打开;变声;n.裂缝;声变;噼啪声;adj.最好的;高明的;
That's how the light gets in." 可那是光照进来的地方啊。」
This is my bit of light. 这就是我的一点灵感。
But we need more light. 但是我们需要更多灵感。
In fact, we need huge spotlights placed in the world of women's health if we need a better tomorrow. 事实上,如果我们 想要一个更好的明天, 我们就需要对女性健康投入巨大的关注。
spotlights:n.[电]聚光灯(spotlight的复数); v.聚光照明;
We should never forget that women are at the center of a sustainable world, and we do not exist without them. 我们絶不应忘记, 女性位于永续世界的中心, 没有了她们,就没有了我们。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
Thank you. 谢谢你们。
(Applause) （掌声）