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ZiyahGafic_2014U-_日常的用品，悲惨的历史_
These are simple objects: clocks, keys, combs , glasses. 这些都是很普通的用品: 钟表、钥匙、梳子、眼镜。
combs:n.梳子(comb的复数);v.梳头发;梳毛(comb的第三人称单数);
They are the things the victims of genocide in Bosnia carried with them on their final journey . 这些是波士尼亚种族大屠杀的受害者 在走上绝路时携带的东西。
genocide:n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀; Bosnia:n.波斯尼亚;波士尼亚; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
We are all familiar with these mundane , everyday objects. 我们都很熟悉这些平凡无奇的 日常用品。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; mundane:adj.世俗的,平凡的;世界的,宇宙的;
The fact that some of the victims carried personal items such as toothpaste and a toothbrush is a clear sign they had no idea what was about to happen to them. 一些受害者带着 个人用品像牙膏及牙刷的事实 清楚的显示出他们不知道 他们将面临什么命运。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数) toothpaste:n.牙膏; toothbrush:n.牙刷; was about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将;
Usually, they were told that they were going to be exchanged for prisoners of war. 通常他们被告知他们 将与战俘交换。
These items have been recovered from numerous mass graves across my homeland, and as we speak, forensics are exhuming bodies from newly discovered mass graves, 20 years after the war. 这些物品从我的家乡 多个万人冢中挖掘出来。 就在当下,法医鉴识人员正从 新发现的万人冢中掘出尸体。 这已是战后 20 年。
numerous:adj.许多的,很多的; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; graves:n.坟墓; adj.重大的; v.对(船底)作清洗并涂上沥青等涂料; v.庄重地; (grave的第三人称单数) forensics:n.辩论术;辩论练习; exhuming:vt.发掘;掘出;
And it is quite possibly the largest ever discovered. 这很可能是有史以来最大的一个。
During the four years of conflict that devastated the Bosnian nation in the early '90s, approximately 30,000 citizens, mainly civilians , went missing, presumed killed, and another 100,000 were killed during combat operations. 这四年的冲突, 在 90 年代早期,蹂躏了波士尼亚国, 大约三万公民,主要是平民, 从人间蒸发,推定死亡, 另外还有十万人 在战斗作業中被杀。
conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式) Bosnian:adj.波斯尼亚的;n.波斯尼亚人; approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; civilians:n.平民;市民;文官;无军职人员;(civilian的复数) presumed:adj.假定的;推测的;v.假定(presume的过去分词和过去式); combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗;
Most of them were killed either in the early days of the war or towards the end of the hostilities , when U.N. safe zones like Srebrenica fell into the hands of the Serb army. 他们受害的时间大多在 战事早期 或敌对行动的尾声, 即联合国安全区如斯雷布雷尼查 落入塞尔维亚军队手中的时候。
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期; hostilities:n.战争;[心理]敌意(hostility的复数); Serb:adj.塞尔维亚的;塞尔维亚人的,塞尔维亚语的;n.塞尔维亚人,塞尔维亚语;
The international criminal tribunal delivered a number of sentences for crimes against humanity and genocide. 国际刑事法庭 宣判了数项刑责 针对人权及种族大屠杀的罪行。
tribunal:n.法庭;裁决;法官席; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
Genocide is a systematic and deliberate destruction of a racial , political, religious or ethnic group. 种族大屠杀是系统及蓄意 毁灭一个人种、政治体、宗教 或民族的行为。
systematic:adj.系统的;体系的;有系统的;[图情]分类的;一贯的,惯常的; deliberate:v.深思熟虑;仔细考虑;反复思考;adj.故意的;蓄意的;存心的;不慌不忙的; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁; racial:adj.种族的;人种的; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; ethnic:adj.种族的;人种的;
As much as genocide is about killing. 种族大屠杀不但要赶尽杀绝,
It is also about destroying their property, their cultural heritage , and ultimately the very notion that they ever existed. 它还要摧毁受害者的财产, 他们的文化遗产, 最终还要毁灭他们曾经存在的证据。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; notion:n.观念;信念;理解;
Genocide is not only about the killing; it is about the denied identity . 种族大屠杀不仅仅是杀人而已: 它要否定身分。
denied:v.否认;拒绝;否定;不承认;(deny的过去分词和过去式) identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
There are always traces — no such thing as a perfect crime. 总是会留下蛛丝马迹—— 没有所谓的完美犯罪。
traces:v.跟踪;探索;n.痕迹;踪迹;(trace的复数和第三人单数)
There are always remnants of the perished ones that are more durable than their fragile bodies and our selective and fading memory of them. 总是有一些遇难者的遗物 坚固远超过主人脆弱的身体, 以及我们对他们选择及褪色的记忆。
remnants:n.残余;残留物(remnant的复数);adj.残存的; perished:adj.极冷;v.死亡;暴死;丧失;毁灭;老化;(perish的过去分词和过去式) durable:adj.耐用的;耐久的;长期的;长久的;n.耐久品; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; selective:adj.选择性的;有选择的;认真挑选的;严格筛选的; fading:v.(使)变淡,变暗;逐渐消失;衰退,衰落(fade的现在分词)
These items are recovered from numerous mass graves, and the main goal of this collection of the items is a unique process of identifying those who disappeared in the killings, the first act of genocide on European soil since the Holocaust . 这些物品, 从多个万人冢中挖掘出来, 而收集这些物品主要的目的, 是一段独特的过程 来验明在屠杀中消失者的身分, 这是欧洲大陆上在犹太人大屠杀之后, 第一起种族灭绝事件。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词) disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词) Holocaust:n.大屠杀;毁灭;
Not a single body should remain undiscovered or unidentified . 每一具遗体都该被发掘 被辨识。
undiscovered:adj.未被发现的;未勘探的; unidentified:adj.未经确认的;未辨别出的,身份不明的;
Once recovered, these items that the victims carried with them on their way to execution are carefully cleaned, analyzed , catalogued and stored. 一旦被挖掘出来, 这些受害者带着 都仔细的清洗、分析、 分类及保存。
execution:n.执行,实行;完成;死刑; analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨; catalogued:v.编入目录;记载,登记;(catalogue的过去分词和过去式)
Thousands of artifacts are packed in white plastic bags just like the ones you see on CSI. 成千上万的出土物包在白色的塑胶袋中 就像你在 CSI 犯罪现场看到的一样。
artifacts:n.史前古器物;人工产品;
These objects are used as a forensic tool in visual identification of the victims, but they are also used as very valuable forensic evidence in the ongoing war crimes trials. 这些物品成为法医辨识人员 在目视识别受害者时的工具, 但他们也可当作非常有价值的法医证据, 在持续进行的战犯审判上承堂供证。
visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; identification:n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的;
Survivors are occasionally called to try to identify these items physically, but physical browsing is extremely difficult, an ineffective and painful process. 幸存者有时候也会被传唤 试着亲眼辨认这些物品, 但是亲眼浏览极其困难, 是一段无效又痛苦的过程。
occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; browsing:v.随便看看;浏览;翻阅;浏览信息;(browse的现在分词) extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; ineffective:adj.无效的,失效的;不起作用的; painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
Once the forensics and doctors and lawyers are done with these objects, they become orphans of the narrative . 一旦法医人员及医生及律师 不再需要这些物品, 它们就成为故事里没人要的孤儿。
orphans:n.孤儿(orphan的复数);v.成为孤儿(orphan的三单形式); narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的;
Many of them get destroyed, believe it or not, or they get simply shelved , out of sight and out of mind . 很多都被销毁,信不信由你, 或是束之高阁。 眼不见为净。
shelved:adj.搁置的;废置不用的;v.搁置(shelve的过去分词);逐渐倾斜;使上架; out of sight:看不见;在视野之外;在看不见的地方; out of mind:adj.发狂;疯狂;心不烦;心不想;眼不见,心不念;
I decided a few years ago to photograph every single exhumed item in order to create a visual archive that survivors could easily browse . 我在数年前决定 要拍摄每一项挖掘出的物品 以制作视觉檔案庫 让幸存者很容易地浏览。
exhumed:v.掘出;恢复(exhume的过去式); archive:n.档案馆;档案文件; browse:v.浏览;吃草;n.浏览;吃草;
As a storyteller , I like to give back to the community . 作为一个说故事的人,我想要回馈社区。
storyteller:n.说故事的人;故事作者;短篇小说作家; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
I like to move beyond raising awareness . 我想做的不只是唤起意识。
awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道;
And in this case, someone may recognize these items or at least their photographs will remain as a permanent , unbiased and accurate reminder of what happened. 我这样做,或许就有人能 辨认这些物品, 至少这些物品的照片会留存 成为永久、公正又准确的纪念 提醒我们发生了什么事。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; unbiased:adj.公正的;无偏见的; accurate:adj.精确的;
Photography is about empathy , and the familiarity of these items guarantee empathy. 摄影是一种同理心, 而这些熟悉的物品保证让你产生同理心。
Photography:n.摄影;摄影术; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; familiarity:n.熟悉,精通;亲密;随便; guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保;
In this case, I am merely a tool, a forensic, if you like, and the result is a photography that is as close as possible of being a document. 这样,我不过就是个工具 一位法医鉴定员,你可以这么说, 其结果就是拍出尽可能 记实的文物摄影。
merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是;
Once all the missing persons are identified, only decaying bodies in their graves and these everyday items will remain. 一旦确认了所有的失踪人口, 只有在坟墓中腐化的尸体 及这些日常用品会留下。
decaying:v.(使)腐烂;破败;(力量、影响等)衰弱;(decay的现在分词)
In all their simplicity , these items are the last testament to the identity of the victims, the last permanent reminder that these people ever existed. 就是因为它们很普通, 这些物品成为最后的证据 证明着受害者的身分, 也是最后的恒久提醒 这些人曾经存在过。
simplicity:n.朴素;简易;天真;愚蠢; testament:n.[法]遗嘱;圣约;确实的证明;
Thank you very much. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）