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YvesMorieux_2013S-_当工作越来越复杂，给你6个简化守则_
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| I have spent the last years trying to resolve two enigmas : |
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resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决; enigmas:n.解谜(enigma的复数);
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| Why is productivity so disappointing in all the companies where I work? |
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productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; disappointing:adj.令人失望的;v.使失望;使破灭;使落空(disappoint的现在分词)
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| I have worked with more than 500 companies. |
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| Despite all the technological advances -- computers, I.T., communications, telecommunications , the Internet. |
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Despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; telecommunications:n.电信;电讯;
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| Enigma number two: |
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| Why is there so little engagement at work? |
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engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
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| Why do people feel so miserable , even actively disengaged ? |
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miserable:adj.悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的; disengaged:adj.空闲的;自由的;已脱离的;v.脱离(disengage的过去分词);
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| Disengaging their colleagues . |
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Disengaging:vt.使脱离; vi.分离; adj.绝缘的; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
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| Acting against the interest of their company. |
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| Despite all the affiliation events, the celebration, the people initiatives , the leadership development programs to train managers on how to better motivate their teams. |
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affiliation:n.友好关系;加入;联盟;从属关系; initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始; motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因;
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| At the beginning , I thought there was a chicken and egg issue : |
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At the beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
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| Because people are less engaged, they are less productive . |
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productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
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| Or vice versa , because they are less productive, we put more pressure and they are less engaged. |
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vice versa:反之亦然;
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| But as we were doing our analysis we realized that there was a common root cause to these two issues that relates, in fact, to the basic pillars of management . |
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analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) pillars:n.柱子;柱状物;台柱(pillar的复数);v.用柱支持(pillar的第三人称单数); management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
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| The way we organize is based on two pillars. |
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organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;
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| The hard -- structure , processes , systems. |
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structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
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| The soft -- feelings, sentiments , interpersonal relationships, traits , personality . |
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sentiments:n.观点,看法;情绪;伤感,柔情,哀伤;(sentiment的复数) interpersonal:adj.人际关系的;人际的; traits:n.特性,特质,性格(trait的复数); personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色;
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| And whenever a company reorganizes , restructures, reengineers, goes through a cultural transformation program, it chooses these two pillars. |
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reorganizes:vt.整理;改组;重新制定;vi.整顿;改编; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
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| Now, we try to refine them, we try to combine them. |
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refine:v.精炼;改进;改善;提纯;
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| The real issue is -- and this is the answer to the two enigmas -- these pillars are obsolete . |
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obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃;
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| Everything you read in business books is based either on one or the other or their combination . |
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combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合;
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| They are obsolete. |
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| How do they work when you try to use these approaches in front of the new complexity of business? |
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approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
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| The hard approach, basically is that you start from strategy , requirements, structures , processes, systems, KPIs, scorecards , committees , headquarters , hubs , clusters , you name it. |
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basically:adv.主要地,基本上; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); scorecards:n.记分卡(scorecard的复数); committees:n.委员会,全体委员;(committee的复数) headquarters:n.总部;指挥部;司令部; hubs:n.枢纽;中心(hub的复数);毂; clusters:n.[植]簇;丛(cluster的复数形式);[计]群集;
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| I forgot all the matrix , incentives , committees, middle offices and interfaces . |
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matrix:n.[数]矩阵;模型;[生物][地质]基质;母体;子宫;[地质]脉石; incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施; interfaces:n.分界面; v.把界面缝合; (interface的复数)
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| What happens basically on the left, you have more complexity, the new complexity of business. |
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| We need quality, cost, reliability , speed. |
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reliability:n.可靠性;
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| And every time there is a new requirement, we use the same approach. |
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| We create dedicated structure processed systems, basically to deal with the new complexity of business. |
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dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) processed:v.加工,处理;审核;列队行进;(process的过去式和过去分词)
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| The hard approach creates just complicatedness in the organization . |
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organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
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| Let's take an example. |
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| An automotive company, the engineering division is a five-dimensional matrix. |
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automotive:adj.汽车的;自动的; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧;
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| If you open any cell of the matrix, you find another 20-dimensional matrix. |
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| You have Mr. Noise, Mr. Petrol Consumption , |
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Petrol:n.(英)汽油; Consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨;
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| Mr. Anti-Collision Properties. |
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| For any new requirement, you have a dedicated function in charge of aligning engineers against the new requirement. |
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in charge of:负责;主管; aligning:n.校准;v.调整(align的现在分词形式);使成一行;
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| What happens when the new requirement emerges ? |
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emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露;
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| Some years ago, a new requirement appeared on the marketplace : the length of the warranty period. |
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marketplace:n.市场;集市; warranty:n.保证;担保;授权;(正当)理由;
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| So therefore the new requirement is repairability, making cars easy to repair . |
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repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
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| Otherwise when you bring the car to the garage to fix the light, if you have to remove the engine to access the lights, the car will have to stay one week in the garage instead of two hours, and the warranty budget will explode . |
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garage:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;v.把…送入车库;把(汽车)开进车库; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; explode:v.爆炸;爆裂;勃然(大怒);突然发生(危险);
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| So, what was the solution using the hard approach? |
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solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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| If repairability is the new requirement, the solution is to create a new function, |
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| Mr. Repairability. |
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| And Mr. Repairability creates the repairability process. |
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| With a repairability scorecard, with a repairability matrix and eventually repairability incentive. |
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eventually:adv.最后,终于;
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| That came on top of 25 other KPIs. |
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| What percentage of these people is variable compensation ? |
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percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成; variable:n.变量;可变因素;可变情况;adj.多变的;易变的;变化无常的;可更改的; compensation:n.补偿;报酬;赔偿金;
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| Twenty percent at most, divided by 26 KPIs, repairability makes a difference of 0.8 percent. |
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| What difference did it make in their actions, their choices to simplify ? Zero. |
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simplify:vt.简化;使单纯;使简易;
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| But what occurs for zero impact ? Mr. Repairability, process, scorecard, evaluation , coordination with the 25 other coordinators to have zero impact. |
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occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数); impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; evaluation:n.评价;[审计]评估;估价;求值; coordination:n.协调,调和;对等,同等; coordinators:n.协调者;同等的人或物(coordinator的复数形式);
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| Now, in front of the new complexity of business, the only solution is not drawing boxes with reporting lines. |
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| It is basically the interplay . |
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interplay:n.相互影响,相互作用;vi.相互影响,相互作用;
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| How the paths work together. |
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| The connections, the interactions , the synapses . |
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interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) synapses:n.(神经元的)突触(synapse的复数;synapsis的复数)
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| It is not the skeleton of boxes, it is the nervous system of adaptiveness and intelligence . |
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skeleton:n.骨架,骨骼;纲要;骨瘦如柴的人;adj.骨骼的;骨瘦如柴的;概略的; nervous system:n.神经系统; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
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| You know, you could call it cooperation , basically. |
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cooperation:n.合作;配合;
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| Whenever people cooperate , they use less resources . In everything. |
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cooperate:v.合作;配合;协作;结合; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| You know, the repairability issue is a cooperation problem. |
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| When you design cars, please take into account the needs of those who will repair the cars in the after sales garages . |
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take into account:考虑;重视;体谅; garages:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;vt.把…送入车库;
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| When we don't cooperate we need more time, more equipment, more systems, more teams. |
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| We need -- When procurement , supply chain, manufacturing don't cooperate we need more stock , more inventories , more working capital . |
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procurement:n.采购;获得,取得; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); stock:n.股票; v.库存; adj.老一套的; inventories:n.存货(inventory的复数); v.盘存; working capital:n.流动资本;运营资本;周转资金;
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| Who will pay for that? |
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| Shareholders ? Customers? |
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Shareholders:n.[金融]股东,投资者;股民(shareholder的复数);
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| No, they will refuse. |
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| So who is left? The employees, who have to compensate through their super individual efforts for the lack of cooperation. |
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compensate:v.补偿,赔偿;抵消; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
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| Stress, burnout , they are overwhelmed , accidents. |
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burnout:n.烧坏;燃料烧尽; overwhelmed:v.受打击,压倒;淹没;(overwhelm的过去分词和过去式)
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| No wonder they disengage. |
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| How do the hard and the soft try to foster cooperation? |
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foster:vt.培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);adj.收养的,养育的;
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| The hard: In banks, when there is a problem between the back office and the front office , they don't cooperate. What is the solution? |
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back office:n.后勤部门; front office:adj.行政的;管理的;
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| They create a middle office. |
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| What happens one year later? |
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| Instead of one problem between the back and the front, now I have two problems. |
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| Between the back and the middle and between the middle and the front. |
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| Plus I have to pay for the middle office. |
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| The hard approach is unable to foster cooperation. |
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| It can only add new boxes, new bones in the skeleton. |
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| The soft approach: |
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| To make people cooperate, we need to make them like each other. |
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| Improve interpersonal feelings, the more people like each other, the more they will cooperate. |
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Improve:v.改进;改善;
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| It is totally wrong. |
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| It is even counterproductive . |
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counterproductive:adj.反生产的;使达不到预期目标的;
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| Look, at home I have two TVs. Why? |
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| Precisely not to have to cooperate with my wife. |
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| (Laughter) |
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| Not to have to impose tradeoffs to my wife. |
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impose:v.推行;迫使;强制实行;把…强加于; tradeoffs:n.权衡;折衷;(公平)交易(等于trade-off);
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| And why I try not to impose tradeoffs to my wife is precisely because I love my wife. |
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| If I didn't love my wife, one TV would be enough: |
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| You will watch my favorite football game, if you are not happy, how is the book or the door? |
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| (Laughter) |
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| The more we like each other, the more we avoid the real cooperation that would strain our relationships by imposing tough tradeoffs. |
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strain:n.压力;品系;应力;张力;v.扭伤;拉紧;滤;损伤; imposing:adj.壮观的; v.推行,采用; (impose的现在分词)
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| And we go for a second TV or we escalate the decision above for arbitration . |
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escalate:vi.逐步增强;逐步升高;vt.使逐步上升; arbitration:n.公断,仲裁;
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| Definitely , these approaches are obsolete. |
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Definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
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| To deal with complexity, to enhance a novel system, we have created what we call the smart simplicity approach based on simple rules. |
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enhance:v.提高;增强;增进; novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说; simplicity:n.朴素;简易;天真;愚蠢;
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| Simple rule number one: |
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| Understand what others do. |
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| What is their real work? |
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| We need to go beyond the boxes, the job descriptions , beyond the surface of the container, to understand the real content . |
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descriptions:n.摘要;说明,说明书;描述(description的复数形式); content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
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| Me, designer, if I put a wire here, |
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| I know that it will mean that we will have to remove the engine to access the lights. |
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| Second, you need to reenforce integrators . |
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reenforce:加强; integrators:n.[无线]积分电路;综合者;[数]求积器;(integrators是integrator的复数);
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| Integrators are not middle offices, they are managers, existing managers that you reinforce so that they have power and interest to make others cooperate. |
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reinforce:vt.加强,加固; vi.求援; n.加强;
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| How can you reinforce your managers as integrators? |
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| By removing layers . |
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layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数)
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| When there are too many layers people are too far from the action, therefore they need KPIs, matrix, they need poor proxies for reality. |
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proxies:n.代理;代理人(proxy的复数);
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| They don't understand reality and they add the complicatedness of matrix KPIs. |
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| By removing rules -- the bigger we are, the more we need integrators, therefore the less rules we must have, to give discretionary power to managers. |
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discretionary:adj.任意的;自由决定的;
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| And we do the opposite -- the bigger we are, the more rules we create. |
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| And we end up with the Encyclopedia Britannica of rules. |
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Encyclopedia:n.百科全书(亦是encyclopaedia);
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| You need to increase the quanitity of power so that you can empower everybody to use their judgment , their intelligence. |
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empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力;
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| You must give more cards to people so that they have the critical mass of cards to take the risk to cooperate, to move out of insulation . |
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critical mass:n.(核链式反应的)临界质量; insulation:n.绝缘;隔离,孤立;
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| Otherwise, they will withdraw . They will disengage. |
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withdraw:v.撤回;提;撤离;停止提供;
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| These rules, they come from game theory and organizational sociology . |
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game theory:n.博弈论;对策论; organizational:adj.组织的;编制的; sociology:n.社会学;群体生态学;
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| You can increase the shadow of the future. |
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| Create feedback loops that expose people to the consequences of their actions. |
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feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; loops:n.[计]循环(loop复数); v.使...成环,以圈结,以环连结(loop的第三人称单数形式); expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
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| This is what the automotive company did when they saw that Mr. Repairability had no impact. |
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| They said to the design engineers: |
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| Now, in three years, when the new car is launched on the market , you will move to the after sales network, and become in charge of the warranty budget, and if the warranty budget explodes , it will explode in your face . (Laughter) |
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launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) on the market:上市;出售的; explodes:v.爆炸,爆发;激增; in your face:挑衅;咄咄逼人的;
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| Much more powerful than 0.8 percent variable compensation. |
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| You need also to increase reciprocity , by removing the buffers that make us self-sufficient . |
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reciprocity:n.相互作用(复数reciprocities);相互性;互惠主义; buffers:n.DOS命令; self-sufficient:adj.自给自足的;极为自负的;过于自信的;
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| When you remove these buffers, you hold me by the nose, I hold you by the ear. |
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| We will cooperate. |
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| Remove the second TV. |
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| There are many second TVs at work that don't create value, they just provide dysfunctional self-sufficiency . |
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dysfunctional:机能失调的,功能障碍的; self-sufficiency:n.自给自足;自负;
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| You need to reward those who cooperate and blame those who don't cooperate. |
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reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏;
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| The CEO of The Lego Group, |
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Lego:n.乐高积木(商标名);
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| Jorgen Vig Knudstorp, has a great way to use it. |
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| He says, blame is not for failure, it is for failing to help or ask for help. |
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| It changes everything. |
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| Suddenly it becomes in my interest to be transparent on my real weaknesses, my real forecast , because I know I will not be blamed if I fail, but if I fail to help or ask for help. |
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transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; forecast:n.预测;预报;v.预测;预报;
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| When you do this, it has a lot of implications on organizational design. |
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implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数);
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| You stop drawing boxes, dotted lines, full lines; you look at their interplay. |
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| It has a lot of implications on financial policies that we use. |
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financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
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| On human resource management practices. |
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| When you do that, you can manage complexity, the new complexity of business, without getting complicated . |
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complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
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| You create more value with lower cost. |
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| You simultaneously improve performance and satisfaction at work because you have removed the common root cause that hinders both complicatedness. |
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simultaneously:adv.同时地; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; satisfaction:n.满意,满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪; hinders:阻碍;妨碍;阻止;
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| This is your battle, business leaders. |
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| The real battle is not against competitors. |
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| This is rubbish, very abstract . |
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abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要;
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| When do we meet competitors to fight them? |
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| The real battle is against ourselves, against our bureaucracy , our complicatedness. |
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bureaucracy:n.官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治;
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| Only you can fight, can do it. |
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| Thank you. |
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| (Applause) |
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