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YaelEisenstat_2020-_脸谱网，你们正在破坏民主_-
Around five years ago, it struck me that I was losing the ability to engage with people who aren't like-minded . 大约五年前, 我突然发现我在丧失 与立场不同的人交流的能力。
The idea of discussing hot-button issues with my fellow Americans was starting to give me more heartburn than the times that I engaged with suspected extremists overseas . 单是跟美国同胞讨论 争议性话题这个想法 让我感到心累的程度, 甚至就超过了我和海外可疑的 极端主义者有过的交流。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; like-minded:adj.志趣相投的;具有相似意向或目的的; hot-button:热点问题; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) heartburn:n.心痛,妒忌;[内科]胃灼热; engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) suspected:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的过去分词和过去式) extremists:n.极端主义者;极端分子;过激分子;(extremist的复数) overseas:adv.在海外,海外;adj.海外的,国外的;
It was starting to leave me feeling more embittered and frustrated . 这开始让我感到更加痛苦和沮丧。
And so just like that, 于是就这样,
I shifted my entire focus from global national security threats to trying to understand what was causing this push towards extreme polarization at home. 我把我的焦点 从影响全球国家安全的威胁, 转移到了寻找那个导致 国内民众两极化的原因上。
embittered:adj.愤怒的;怨恨的;v.使痛苦(embitter的过去分词); frustrated:adj.失意的,挫败的;泄气的;v.挫败;阻挠;(frustrate的过去式和过去分词) shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; polarization:n.极化;偏振;两极分化;
As a former CIA officer and diplomat who spent years working on counterextremism issues, 作为一名前中情局警官和外交官, 我在解决反极端主义的问题上 有着多年的工作经验。
I started to fear that this was becoming a far greater threat to our democracy than any foreign adversary . 我开始担心,这对 我们国家的民主造成的威胁 会超过来自国外对手的威胁。
And so I started digging in, and I started speaking out, which eventually led me to being hired at Facebook and ultimately brought me here today to continue warning you about how these platforms are manipulating and radicalizing so many of us and to talk about how to reclaim our public square. 于是我开始深究, 开始发声, 后来脸谱网聘请了我, 也最终引领我来到了这里, 使我能继续警告各位, 这些平台在如何 并谈谈我们应该如何 夺回自己的公共空间。
diplomat:n.外交家,外交官;有外交手腕的人;处事圆滑机敏的人; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; adversary:n.对手;敌手; eventually:adv.最后,终于; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上; manipulating:v.(暗中)控制,操纵,影响;正骨;治疗脱臼;(manipulate的现在分词) radicalizing:vt.使…激进;使…偏激;vi.激进化;成为过激论者; reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶;
I was a foreign service officer in Kenya just a few years after the September 11 attacks, and I led what some call "hearts and minds" campaigns along the Somalia border. 就在 911 事件发生的几年后, 我曾担任过肯尼亚外交官, 那时我在索马里的 边境领导了一个叫 “心灵与精神”的项目。
A big part of my job was to build trust with communities deemed the most susceptible to extremist messaging. 我的主要工作是与那些最容易 被极端主义思想 影响的群体建立信任。
I spent hours drinking tea with outspoken anti-Western clerics and even dialogued with some suspected terrorists, and while many of these engagements began with mutual suspicion , 我花了大量的时间与 直言不讳的反西方教士喝茶, 甚至跟疑似恐怖份子的人 进行过谈话, 虽然这些交谈都是从 互相怀疑开始的,
foreign service:na.(美国国务院的)外事处; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) deemed:v.认为;视为;相信;(deem的过去分词和过去式) susceptible:adj.易受影响的;易感动的;容许…的;n.易得病的人; outspoken:adj.坦率的,直言不讳的; anti-Western:反西方; clerics:n.牧师(cleric的复数); engagements:n.订婚;订婚期间;约定,约会;战斗;(engagement的复数) mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; suspicion:n.怀疑;嫌疑;疑心;一点儿;v.怀疑;
I don't recall any of them resulting in shouting or insults , and in some case we even worked together on areas of mutual interest. 他们却从来没有大喊 或说过任何辱骂的话, 有些时候,我们甚至能在 共同感兴趣的领域一起合作。
The most powerful tools we had were to simply listen, learn and build empathy . 我们拥有的最有效的工具 就是聆听、学习 还有建立同理心。
This is the essence of hearts and minds work, because what I found again and again is that what most people wanted was to feel heard, validated and respected. 这就是“心灵与精神” 这份工作的核心, 因为我多次发现, 他们大多数人想要的 无非是被聆听、被认可, 还有被尊重。
recall:v.记起;回想起;使想到;勾起;召回;n.记忆力;记性;回归请求;回收令; insults:v.侮辱;辱骂(insult的第三人称单数);n.无礼;损害(insult的复数); empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精; again and again:adv.再三地,反复地; validated:v.证实;确认;使生效;批准;认可;(validate的过去分词和过去式)
And I believe that's what most of us want. 我相信这也是我们 大多数人想要的。
So what I see happening online today is especially heartbreaking and a much harder problem to tackle . 可如今,网络上 发生的一切却令我心碎, 也让我明白,这是一个 很难解决的问题。
We are being manipulated by the current information ecosystem entrenching so many of us so far into absolutism that compromise has become a dirty word. 我们正被目前的 信息网络操纵, 陷入了绝对主义中, 在这里,“妥协”已经成为 一个肮脏的字眼。
Because right now, social media companies like Facebook profit off of segmenting us and feeding us personalized content that both validates and exploits our biases . 因为当今, 类似于脸谱网的社交媒体公司 通过为我们提供 个性化的内容来获利, 而这些内容既认可, 也利用了我们的偏见。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; heartbreaking:adj.令人心碎的;使人悲痛的; tackle:v.处理; n.用具; manipulated:v.(暗中)控制,操纵,影响;使用;治疗脱臼;(manipulate的过去式和过去分词) ecosystem:n.生态系统; entrenching:vt.确立,牢固;用壕沟围住;挖掘;vi.侵犯;挖掘壕沟; absolutism:n.专制主义;绝对论; compromise:n.妥协;折中;互让;和解;v.妥协;违背(原则);达不到(标准);使陷入危险; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益; segmenting:v.分割; n.[数](线)段; (segment的现在分词) personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式) content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; validates:v.使有效(validate的第三人称单数形式);确认; exploits:n.功绩,业绩;壮举(exploit的复数);v.利用;开发(exploit的第三人称单数); biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式);
Their bottom line depends on provoking a strong emotion to keep us engaged, often incentivizing the most inflammatory and polarizing voices, to the point where finding common ground no longer feels possible. 他们的底线就是, 通过激起强烈的情绪 来让我们沉迷, 持续强调那些煽性的, 十分两极化的声音, 直到找到共同点变得不再可能。
And despite a growing chorus of people crying out for the platforms to change, it's clear they will not do enough on their own. 虽然越来越多的人开始 要求这些平台做出改变, 但单靠它们是明显不够的。
So governments must define the responsibility for the real-world harms being caused by these business models and impose real costs on the damaging effects they're having to our public health, our public square and our democracy. 所以,政府必须定义 这些对社会造成危害的商业模式 需承担什么样的责任, 并让它们因严重损害 我们的公共健康、公共空间, 还有我们的民主付出代价。
bottom line:n.底线;归根结底;账本底线,盈亏一览结算线; provoking:adj.刺激的;令人生气的,激怒人的;v.激怒;挑拨;诱发(provoke的ing形式); emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; incentivizing:以物质刺激鼓励; inflammatory:adj.炎症性的;煽动性的;激动的; polarizing:v.(使)两极化,截然对立; (polarize的现在分词) common ground:n.共同点; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; chorus:n.合唱队;齐声;歌舞队;v.合唱;异口同声地说; define:v.定义;使明确;规定; real-world:adj.现实生活的;工作的; impose:v.推行;迫使;强制实行;把…强加于;
But unfortunately , this won't happen in time for the US presidential election, so I am continuing to raise this alarm, because even if one day we do have strong rules in place, it will take all of us to fix this. 但不幸的是,在美国大选 之前这都不可能发生, 所以我只能继续发出警告, 因为即使有一天 我们有了强有力的法律, 还是需要大家一起来解决问题。
When I started shifting my focus from threats abroad to the breakdown in civil discourse at home, 当我的注意力从海外威胁 转移到已然破碎的 国内民众对话时,
I wondered if we could repurpose some of these hearts and minds campaigns to help heal our divides. 我曾想过,是否可以重新利用 “心灵与精神”这个项目 来缓解国内的分歧。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词) abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国; breakdown:n.分解;损坏;分类;(关系)破裂;adj.专门修理故障的; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出; repurpose:vt.改换意图;重新目的化; heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束
Our more than 200-year experiment with democracy works in large part because we are able to openly and passionately debate our ideas for the best solutions. 我们过去 200 多年的 民主实验之所以有效, 很大程度是因为我们 可以公开并且热情地 讨论想法, 以找到最佳解决方案。
But while I still deeply believe in the power of face-to-face civil discourse, it just cannot compete with the polarizing effects and scale of social media right now. 我始终坚信, 面对面的民间对话是有效的, 但它确实难以对抗 如今社交媒体带来的 两极分化的效应和规模。
passionately:adv.热情地;强烈地;激昂地; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; for the best:出于好意; face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的;adv.面对面地; compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
The people who are sucked down these rabbit holes of social media outrage often feel far harder to break of their ideological mindsets than those vulnerable communities I worked with ever were. 与我曾经合作过的 那些弱势群体相比, 那些沉陷于 社交媒体上激进内容的人 更难脱离他们的固有观念。
So when Facebook called me in 2018 and offered me this role heading its elections integrity operations for political advertising , 所以在 2018 年, 当脸谱网找到我, 并给我提供了这份 负责政治广告管理的工作时,
I felt I had to say yes. 我觉得我必须答应。
I had no illusions that I would fix it all, but when offered the opportunity to help steer the ship in a better direction, 我知道我可能 无法解决所有的问题, 但有了这个可以 引导民众的机会,
sucked:v.吸,吮;吸收;吞没;(suck的过去分词和过去式) outrage:n.愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱;vt.凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒; ideological:adj.思想的;意识形态的; mindsets:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正; advertising:n.做广告;广告业;广告活动;v.做广告;(advertise的现在分词) illusions:n.幻想;错觉;幻觉;幻影(illusion的复数) steer:v.引导;控制;操纵;驾驶(船、汽车等);n.建议;劝告;忠告;阉公牛;
I had to at least try. 我必须至少尝试一下。
I didn't work directly on polarization, but I did look at which issues were the most divisive in our society and therefore the most exploitable in elections interference efforts, which was Russia's tactic ahead of 2016. 虽然我们没有研究过两极分化, 但是我确实研究过哪些问题 最容易引起社会分裂, 在选举干扰中也最易被利用, 这也是俄罗斯在 2016 年前的策略。
So I started by asking questions. 所以我从提问开始。
I wanted to understand the underlying systemic issues that were allowing all of this to happen, in order to figure out how to fix it. 我想找到导致这一切发生的 潜在的系统性问题, 以便找到解决的方法。
Now I still do believe in the power of the internet to bring more voices to the table, but despite their stated goal of building community , the largest social media companies as currently constructed are antithetical to the concept of reasoned discourse. 现在,我仍然相信互联网的力量 能让更多的声音参与进来, 尽管它们宣称的目标是建立社区, 目前最大的 社交媒体公司的构建方式 与理性言论的概念 却是背道而驰的。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; divisive:adj.分裂的;区分的;造成不和的; exploitable:adj.可开发的;可利用的; interference:n.干扰,冲突;干涉; tactic:n.策略,战略;adj.按顺序的,依次排列的; underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; currently:adv.当前;一般地; constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式) antithetical:adj.对立的,正相反的;
There's no way to reward listening, to encourage civil debate and to protect people who sincerely want to ask questions in a business where optimizing engagement and user growth are the two most important metrics for success. 在一个把优化用户参与度 和用户增长量 作为衡量成功的两大指标的行业里, 你没有办法奖励倾听、 鼓励民众讨论, 你也没有办法去保护 那些诚恳提问的人。
There's no incentive to help people slow down, to build in enough friction that people have to stop, recognize their emotional reaction to something, and question their own assumptions before engaging . 没有任何激励因素 去帮助人们慢下来, 没有去建立足够的摩擦 让人们不得不停下来, 认识到自己 对某事的情绪化反应, 并且在参与之前 质疑自己的假设。
reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; sincerely:adv.真诚地;由衷地,诚恳地; optimizing:n.[数]优化,最佳化;adj.最佳的;v.最佳化(optimize的现在分词); metrics:n.度量;作诗法;韵律学; incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的; friction:n.摩擦,[力]摩擦力; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用; assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数) engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
The unfortunate reality is: lies are more engaging online than truth, and salaciousness beats out wonky , fact-based reasoning in a world optimized for frictionless virality. 令人遗憾的事实是: 在一个优化无摩擦的, 病毒式传播的世界里, 网络上的谎言比真相更吸引人, 淫秽信息胜过了 基于事实的推理。
As long as algorithms' goals are to keep us engaged, they will continue to feed us the poison that plays to our worst instincts and human weaknesses. 只要算法的目标是保持我们的参与, 它们就会继续“喂”迎合 我们最糟糕的本能 和人性弱点的毒药。
And yes, anger, mistrust , the culture of fear, hatred : none of this is new in America. 当然,愤怒、不信任、 恐惧和仇恨的文化: 这些在美国都不是新事物。
wonky:adj.靠不住的;摇晃的,动摇的; optimized:adj.最佳化的;尽量充分利用; frictionless:adj.无摩擦的;光滑的; As long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; instincts:n.本能;天性;直觉;(instinct的复数) mistrust:vt.猜疑;不信任;n.猜疑;疑虑;不信任 hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶;
But in recent years, social media has harnessed all of that and, as I see it, dramatically tipped the scales . 但近年来,社交软件 充分利用了这一切, 并且在我看来, 还起到了决定性的作用。
And Facebook knows it. 脸谱网也深谙这一点。
A recent " Wall Street Journal " article that specifically points to the companies' own algorithms for growing extremist groups' presence on their platform and for polarizing their users. 《华尔街日报》最近的一篇文章 特别提到了该公司自己的算法 让越来越多的极端组织信息 出现在其平台上, 并导致了用户两极分化。
harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词) dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; tipped:v.倾斜;倒出;倾倒;轻触;轻碰;(tip的过去分词和过去式) scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数) Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地); Journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
But keeping us engaged is how they make their money. 但让我们参与其中 正是它们赚钱的方式。
The modern information environment is crystallized around profiling us and then segmenting us into more and more narrow categories to perfect this personalization process . 现代信息环境是通过 我们的信息画像而构建的, 再将我们分割成 越来越细小的类别, 从而完善这个个性化的过程。
We're then bombarded with information confirming our views, reinforcing our biases, and making us feel like we belong to something. 然后,我们被可以证实 我们观点的信息狂轰滥炸, 强化我们的偏见, 并且让我们感觉属于某类群体。
These are the same tactics we would see terrorist recruiters using on vulnerable youth, albeit in smaller, more localized ways before social media, with the ultimate goal of persuading their behavior. 这些策略和那些 恐怖分子用于招募 弱势青少年的伎俩如出一辙, 尽管是用比社交媒体更小、 更本土化的方式, 但最终目标都是灌输某种行为。
crystallized:adj.裹有糖霜的;蜜饯的;v.结晶(crystalize的过去分词); profiling:n.资料搜集;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;(profile的现在分词) narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分; categories:n.(人或事物的)类别,种类(category的复数) personalization:n.个性化; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; bombarded:v.轰炸(bombard的过去分词); adj.被轰击的; reinforcing:vt.加强(reinforce的ing形式); tactics:n.战术:策略:手段:兵法(tactic的复数) recruiters:n.招聘人员,征兵人员; albeit:conj.虽然;即使; localized:adj.局部的;地区的;小范围的;v.定位(localize的过去分词); persuading:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的现在分词)
Unfortunately, I was never empowered by Facebook to have an actual impact . 不幸的是,我从未被脸谱网 授权去产生实质影响。
In fact, on my second day, my title and job description were changed and I was cut out of decision-making meetings. 事实上,在我工作的第二天, 我的头衔和具体工作就发生了变化, 并且被排除在决策会议外。
My biggest efforts, trying to build plans to combat disinformation and voter suppression in political ads, were rejected . 我最大的努力, 试图制定计划, 以打击政治广告中的 虚假信息和投票权压制 被拒绝了。
empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式) impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; job description:n.工作职责说明;岗位责任说明; decision-making:n.决策; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; disinformation:n.故意的假情报;虚假信息; voter:n.选举人,投票人;有投票权者; suppression:n.抑制;镇压;[植]压抑; rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词)
And so I lasted just shy of six months. 所以我只坚持了 不到 6 个月就辞职了。
But here is my biggest takeaway from my time there. 但这是我在这段期间最大的收获。
There are thousands of people at Facebook who are passionately working on a product that they truly believe makes the world a better place, but as long as the company continues to merely tinker around the margins of content policy and moderation , as opposed to considering how the entire machine is designed and monetized , 成千上万的人在脸谱网工作, 充满热情的投入于这个 他们相信能将世界 变得更美好的产品, 但是,只要公司依然仅仅只是 在内容政策和合理性的边缘试探, 而不考虑 整个平台的设计和赚钱方式,
they will never truly address how the platform is contributing to hatred, division and radicalization . 那它们永远不会真正解决 平台是如何助长 仇恨、分裂和激进这些问题的。
And that's the one conversation I never heard happen during my time there, because that would require fundamentally accepting that the thing you built might not be the best thing for society and agreeing to alter the entire product and profit model. 而这也正是我在那里 从未听到过的对话, 因为那将会需要你从根本上接受 你所创造的东西可能 不是对社会最有益的东西, 并同意改变整个产品和盈利模式。
merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是; tinker:n.修补工;小炉匠,补锅匠,白铁匠;v.(尤指不起作用地)小修补,小修理; margins:n.边缘; v.给…镶边; (margin的复数) policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; moderation:n.适度;节制;温和;缓和; opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) monetized:v.把…作为法定货币; (monetize的过去分词); contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词) division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧; radicalization:n.激进,激进化; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 alter:v.更改;修改(衣服使更合身);
So what can we do about this? 那么我们能做些什么呢？
I'm not saying that social media bears the sole responsibility for the state that we're in today. 我并不是说社交媒体 要为我们国家的现状 承担唯一的责任。
Clearly, we have deep-seated societal issues that we need to solve. 显然,我们有一些根深蒂固的 社会问题需要解决。
But Facebook's response , that it is just a mirror to society, is a convenient attempt to deflect any responsibility from the way their platform is amplifying harmful content and pushing some users towards extreme views. 但脸谱网的回应 只是社会的一面镜子, 这是一种转移其平台 放大有害言论,并将一些用户 推向极端观点的责任的方便说辞。
sole:n.鞋底; adj.仅有的; v.给(鞋)换底; deep-seated:adj.深层的;根深蒂固的;深位的; societal:adj.社会的; response:n.响应;反应;回答; convenient:adj.实用的;便利的;方便的; attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; deflect:v.偏转,转移;偏斜,转向;引开;阻止; amplifying:adj.放大的;
And Facebook could, if they wanted to, fix some of this. 当然,如果脸谱网 的确有这方面的主观意愿, 是可以解决其中一些问题的。
They could stop amplifying and recommending the conspiracy theorists , the hate groups, the purveyors of disinformation and, yes, in some cases even our president. 他们可以停止推荐和放大 阴谋理论家、 仇恨组织和 虚假信息散布者的影响, 是的,在某些情况下, 甚至包括我们的总统。
They could stop using the same personalization techniques to deliver political rhetoric that they use to sell us sneakers . 它们可以停止使用 与推销跑鞋同样的个性化推荐服务 来传递政治说辞。
They could retrain their algorithms to focus on a metric other than engagement, and they could build in guardrails to stop certain content from going viral before being reviewed . 它们可以重新修改算法, 去专注于一个 非用户互动类的度量指标, 也可以建立信息护栏, 防止某些内容在被审核之前 像病毒一样被传播。
recommending:v.推荐,举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎;(recommend的现在分词) conspiracy:n.阴谋;共谋;阴谋集团; theorists:理论家; purveyors:n.承办商;伙食承办商;供应粮食者;供应货物或提供服务的人或公司; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的; sneakers:n.胶底运动鞋(sneaker的复数形式); retrain:vt.重新教育;再教育;vi.再训练;再教育; guardrails:n.护栏(guardrail的复数形式); viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的; reviewed:v.复习;评估;评论;检讨;(review的过去分词形式)
And they could do all of this without becoming what they call the arbiters of truth. 他们可以做到所有这一切。 而不必成为他们所谓的 “真理仲裁者”。
But they've made it clear that they will not go far enough to do the right thing without being forced to, and, to be frank , why should they? 但是他们已经明确表示, 除非被强制这样做, 否则他们就不会 积极采取正确的行动, 毕竟,坦白说, 他们为什么要这么做呢？
arbiters:n.[法]仲裁者;裁决人; frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄;
The markets keep rewarding them, and they're not breaking the law. 市场一直在奖励他们, 他们也没有违法。
Because as it stands, there are no US laws compelling Facebook, or any social media company, to protect our public square, our democracy and even our elections. 因为就现在的情况而言, 美国并没有法律强制脸谱网 或者其他社交媒体公司 去保护我们的公共广场、 民主, 甚至是我们的选举。
rewarding:adj.有益的;值得做的;报酬高的;v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的现在分词) compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词)
We have ceded the decision-making on what rules to write and what to enforce to the CEOs of for-profit internet companies. 我们已经将制定和执行 哪些计划的决定权交给了 盈利性互联网公司的 首席执行官们。
Is this what we want? 这是我们想要的吗？
A post-truth world where toxicity and tribalism trump bridge-building and consensus-seeking? 一个有毒言论和部落主义 彻底压倒打造沟通桥梁 和追求共识的后真相世界？
I do remain optimistic that we still have more in common with each other than the current media and online environment portray , and I do believe that having more perspective surface makes for a more robust and inclusive democracy. 我仍然乐观的认为,我们要比 现存的媒体和网络环境所描绘的彼此 我也坚信相信,拥有更多视角 会让民主更加健康和包容,
ceded:vt.屈服;让与;割让(cede的过去式); enforce:v.强制执行;强迫;迫使; for-profit:以盈利为目的的; toxicity:n.[毒物]毒性; tribalism:n.部落文化;部落制;部落制度; trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败; bridge-building:搭桥活动(为了建立两个组织间关系进行的活动); optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; in common with:与…一样; portray:vt.描绘;扮演; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的; inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
But not the way it's happening right now. 但不是以目前的方式。
And it bears emphasizing , I do not want to kill off these companies. 需要强调的是, 我并不想搞垮这些公司。
I just want them held to a certain level of accountability , just like the rest of society. 我只想让它们承担 一定程度的责任, 就像社会中的其他人一样。
It is time for our governments to step up and do their jobs of protecting our citizenry . 我们的政府是时候站出来 做好保护我们公民的工作了。
emphasizing:v.强调(emphasize的现在分词); accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; citizenry:n.市民;公民;
And while there isn't one magical piece of legislation that will fix this all, 虽然还没有一项神奇的立法 可以解决所有的问题,
I do believe that governments can and must find the balance between protecting free speech and holding these platforms accountable for their effects on society. 但我的确相信, 政府可以,而且必须在 保护自由言论和让这些平台 为它们的社会影响负责之间找到平衡。
legislation:n.立法;法律; accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的;
And they could do so in part by insisting on actual transparency around how these recommendation engines are working, around how the curation, amplification and targeting are happening. 他们可以通过保证 这些推荐引擎如何工作, 如何进行管理、 放大和定位的透明度 来做到这一点。
You see, I want these companies held accountable not for if an individual posts misinformation or extreme rhetoric, but for how their recommendation engines spread it, 我希望这些公司 不仅是对个人发布虚假信息 或者极端言论负责, 还要对他们的推荐引擎 如何传播这些信息,
transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; recommendation:n.推荐;介绍;提议;正式建议; amplification:n.[电子]放大(率);扩大;详述; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; misinformation:n.误报;错误的消息;
how their algorithms are steering people towards it, and how their tools are used to target people with it. 他们的算法如何 引导人们使用这些信息, 以及他们的工具 如何被用来针对这些人负责。
I tried to make change from within Facebook and failed, and so I've been using my voice again for the past few years to continue sounding this alarm and hopefully inspire more people to demand this accountability. 我试图从脸谱网内部 做出改变,但是我失败了, 所以在过去几年, 我一直在用自己的声音 不断发出警告, 希望能激发更多的人 来要求这种责任。
steering:n.(车辆等的)转向装置;v.驾驶;掌控方向盘;行驶;控制(steer的现在分词) inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
My message to you is simple: pressure your government representatives to step up and stop ceding our public square to for-profit interests. 我要传递给你们的信息很简单: 对你们的政府代表施压, 让他们站出来, 停止将我们的公共空间 拱手让给以营利为目的获利行为。
Help educate your friends and family about how they're being manipulated online. 帮助你的朋友和家人了解 他们在网上是如何被操纵的。
Push yourselves to engage with people who aren't like-minded. 推动自己和没有共同想法的人交流。
Make this issue a priority . 把这个问题当作优先事项。
representatives:n.代表;众议院(representative的复数形式); ceding:v.割让;让给;转让;(cede的现在分词) priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事;
We need a whole-society approach to fix this. 我们需要一个能动员 全社会的方法来解决它。
And my message to the leaders of my former employer Facebook is this: right now, people are using your tools exactly as they were designed to sow hatred, division and distrust , and you're not just allowing it, you are enabling it. 我对我的前雇主, 脸谱网的领导们想要说的是: 现在,人们正在使用 你们设计好的工具 传播仇恨、分裂和不信任, 而你们不仅允许了, 而且还在加剧这种情况。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; employer:n.雇主,老板; sow:n.母猪; v.播种; adj.(美)雌的; distrust:vt.不信任;n.不信任;怀疑; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词);
And yes, there are lots of great stories of positive things happening on your platform around the globe, but that doesn't make any of this OK. 没错,在全球范围内 你们的平台上发生了很多积极的事, 但这并不意味着这一切 都是可以接受的。
And it's only getting worse as we're heading into our election, and even more concerning , face our biggest potential crisis yet, if the results aren't trusted, and if violence breaks out. 随着选举的临近, 情况越来越糟, 更值得担忧的是, 如果选举结果不被信任, 如果暴力事件爆发, 那么迄今为止 最大的潜在危机将不可避免。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; concerning:prep.关于;涉及;v.影响,牵涉(某人);与…有关;涉及;(concern的现在分词) potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
So when in 2021 you once again say, "We know we have to do better," 所以到 2021 年,当你们再说, “我们知道我们必须做得更好”时,
I want you to remember this moment, because it's no longer just a few outlier voices. 我想要你们记住现在这一刻, 因为这再也不只是 一些局外人的声音。
Civil rights leaders, academics , journalists , advertisers , your own employees, are shouting from the rooftops that your policies and your business practices are harming people and democracy. 民权领袖、学者、 记者、广告商和你们自己的员工 都会在屋顶上大声呼吁, 你们的政策和商业行为 一直都在危害人民和民主。
outlier:n.[分化]异常值;露宿者;局外人;离开本体的部分; Civil rights:na.公民权; academics:n.学术水平;学术知识;专业学者; journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); advertisers:n.广告商(advertiser的复数形式); rooftops:n.屋顶;adj.屋顶上的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
You own your decisions, but you can no longer say that you couldn't have seen it coming. 决定权在你们手中, 但是你们再也不能说, 你们不可能预见这样的后果。
Thank you. 谢谢。