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WilliamUry_2010X-_从“不”到“是”的历程_
Well, the subject of difficult negotiation reminds me of one of my favorite stories from the Middle East , of a man who left to his three sons 17 camels. 艰难的谈判这个主题 使我想起了一个我最喜欢的 中东的故事, 有一个男人给他的三个孩子留下了17只骆驼。
negotiation:n.谈判;转让;顺利的通过; reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数) Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部);
And to the first son, he left half the camels; to the second son, he left a third of the camels; and to the youngest son, he left a ninth of the camels. 他给大儿子一半的骆驼; 给二儿子三分之一的骆驼; 给小儿子九分之一的骆驼。
Well three sons got into a negotiation. 然后三个儿子就开始了谈判。
17 doesn't divide by two. 17无法被2整除。
It doesn't divide by three. 17无法被3整除。
It doesn't divide by nine. 17也无法被9整除。
Brotherly tempers started to get strained . 三兄弟的脾气开始变得冒火。
Brotherly:adj.兄弟的;兄弟般的;亲切的;adv.兄弟般地;亲切地; tempers:v.[机]回火;缓和(temper的三单形式);n.脾气;调剂(temper的复数); strained:adj.紧张的; v.使紧张(动词strain的过去式和过去分词);
Finally , in desperation, they went and they consulted a wise old woman. 最终,他们绝望了, 他们去咨询了一个聪明的老妇人。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; consulted:v.咨询;请教;商议;查阅;查询;参看(consult的过去分词和过去式)
The wise old woman thought about their problem for a long time, and finally she came back and said, "Well, I don't know if I can help you, but at least, if you want, you can have my camel." 这个聪明的老妇人对他们的问题想了很久, 最终她走了回来说, “嗯,我不知道我能否帮助你们, 但至少,如果你们愿意的话,你们可以把我的骆驼拿走。”
So then they had 18 camels. 于是他们有了18只骆驼。
The first son took his half -- half of 18 is nine. 大儿子拿了一半儿骆驼,18的一半儿是9只。
The second son took his third -- a third of 18 is six. 二儿子拿了三分之一,18的三分之一是6只。
The youngest son took his ninth -- a ninth of 18 is two. 小儿子拿了他的九分之一, 18的九分之一是2只。
You get 17. 于是得到了17只。
They had one camel left over. 他们最后剩下了一只骆驼。
They gave it back to the wise old woman. 他们又把它还给了聪明的老妇人。
(Laughter) (笑声)
Now if you think about that story for a moment, 如果现在你仔细思考一下这个故事的话,
I think it resembles a lot of the difficult negotiations we get involved in. 我觉得它像 很多我们所经历过的艰难谈判一样。
resembles:v.看起来像:显得像:像(resemble的第三人称单数) negotiations:n.谈判(negotiation的复数);磋商; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
They start off like 17 camels -- no way to resolve it. 开始他们有17只骆驼--这根本就没办法解决。
resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决;
Somehow , what we need to do is step back from those situations, like that wise old woman, look at the situation through fresh eyes and come up with an 18th camel. 然而我们需要做的 是从问题当中走出来,就像那个聪明的老妇人一样 重新来看待这个情况, 然后想出那第18只骆驼的方法。
Somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
Now finding that 18th camel in the world's conflicts has been my life passion . 找出世界争端的第18只骆驼 现在成为了我一生的激情所在。
conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
I basically see humanity a bit like those three brothers; we're all one family. 我基本上认为人类就像这三个兄弟一样; 我们是一个大家庭。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
We know that scientifically , thanks to the communications revolution , all the tribes on the planet, all 15,000 tribes, are in touch with each other. 我们从科学的角度知道这一点 感谢信息革命 使地球上所有的部落,所有15,000个部落 相连在一起。
scientifically:adv.系统地;合乎科学地;学问上; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; in touch with:同…有联系,和…有接触;
And it's a big family reunion . 这是一个大家庭的团圆。
reunion:n.团聚;聚会;团圆;重逢;
And yet, like many family reunions , it's not all peace and light. 而且,像很多家庭团圆一样, 并不总是和平与光明的,
reunions:相聚(reunion的复数);
There's a lot of conflict. 也有很多的争端。
And the question is, how do we deal with our differences? 问题是, 我们怎样处理我们之间的差异？
How do we deal with our deepest differences, given the human propensity for conflict and the human genius at devising weapons of enormous destruction ? 我们怎么处理我们内在的不同, 鉴于人类制造冲突的本性 以及拥有制造 大规模杀伤性武器的才能？
propensity:n.倾向,习性;癖好,偏爱; genius:n.天才;天资;才能,本领; devising:v.发明;设计;想出;(devise的现在分词) enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
That's the question. 这是一个问题。
As I've spent the last better part of three decades -- almost four -- traveling the world, trying to work, getting involved in conflicts ranging from Yugoslavia to the Middle East to Chechnya to Venezuela , 我花了三十多年的时间—— 基本上是四十年 来环球旅行 努力工作,并卷入到 从南斯拉夫到中东, 到车臣,再到委内瑞拉的争端当中,
Chechnya:n.车臣; Venezuela:n.委内瑞拉;
some of the most difficult conflicts on the face of the planet, 它们几乎都是地球上最艰难的争端,
I've been asking myself that question. 我也一直问自己这个问题。
And I think I've found, in some ways, what is the secret to peace. 而且我觉得,从某种角度来说,我找到了 和平的秘密。
It's actually surprisingly simple. 其实它是惊人的简单。
surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地
It's not easy, but it's simple. 它不容易,但是简单。
It's not even new. 它甚至不是刚刚出现的,
It may be one of our most ancient human heritages . 很可能是我们最早的人类遗产之一。
The secret to peace is us. 和平的秘密就是我们,
It's us who act as the surrounding community around any conflict, who can play a constructive role. 是我们所有 在争端周围 的每一个人, 并且我们可以发挥建设性的作用。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; constructive:adj.建设性的;推定的;构造上的;有助益的;
Let me give give you just a story, an example. 让我给你们讲一个故事,一个例子。
About 20 years ago I was in South Africa working with the parties in that conflict, and I had an extra month, so I spent some time living with several groups of San Bushmen. 20年前,我在南非 和参与冲突的政党一起工作, 我有一个月的额外时间, 所以我花了一些时间 和一些桑布须曼人生活在一起。
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外:
I was curious about them and about the way in which they resolve conflict. 我对他们以及他们解决争端的方法很感兴趣。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
Because, after all, within living memory, they were hunters and gatherers , living pretty much like our ancestors lived for maybe 99 percent of the human story. 因为,在人们的记忆中, 他们是猎人和采集者, 像我们祖先一样 人类历史中可能有99%是像他们这样生活着。
gatherers:n.采集者,收集器;
And all the men have these poison arrows that they use for hunting -- absolutely fatal . 所有男人都用带毒的箭来打猎—— 绝对是致命的。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; fatal:adj.致命的;灾难性的;毁灭性的;导致失败的;
So how do they deal with their differences? 那么他们怎么处理争端呢？
Well what I learned is whenever tempers rise in those communities , someone goes and hides the poison arrows out in the bush , and then everyone sits around in a circle like this, and they sit, and they talk, and they talk. 我所学到的是 在这些群体中,无论什么时候关系变得紧张起来, 就会有人去把毒箭藏在丛林当中, 然后所有人坐成一个圈,就像这样, 他们坐着,讨论着,讨论着。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的;
It may take two days, three days, four days, but they don't rest until they find a resolution , or better yet, a reconciliation . 他们的讨论可能会用上两天,三天,四天 但是他们不会停下来休息 直到他们找到一个解决的办法, 或者更好的话,他们和解。
resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议; reconciliation:n.和解;调和;和谐;甘愿;
And if tempers are still too high, then they send someone off to visit some relatives as a cooling off period. 如果气氛还是很紧张的话, 他们就会派其中一个人去探访一些亲戚 作为一个冷却期。
relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数)
Well that system is, I think, probably the system that kept us alive to this point, given our human tendencies . 我觉得上述系统 很可能就是使我们活到现在的这个系统 它考虑到我们人类所拥有的天性。
tendencies:趋势;
That system, I call the third side. 这个系统,我将它称为“第三方”。
Because if you think about it, normally when we think of conflict, when we describe it, there's always two sides. 如果你想一想的话, 当我们思考一个冲突,当我们描述它的时候, 总是有两方。
normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
It's Arabs versus Israelis , labor versus management , husband versus wife, Republicans versus Democrats , but what we don't often see is that there's always a third side. 这好比阿拉伯人与以色列人,劳动与管理, 丈夫与妻子,共和党人与民主党人, 但是我们没有注意到的是 总会有一个第三方。
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; Israelis:以色列人,以色列国民(Israeli的名词复数); management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段; Republicans:n.共和党,共和党员;(republican的复数形式) Democrats:n.民主党员(democrat的复数);民主主义者;
And the third side of the conflict is us, it's the surrounding community, it's the friends, the allies , the family members, the neighbors. 而这个第三方,就是我们, 是周围的团体, 朋友,联盟, 家庭成员,和邻居。
allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数)
And we can play an incredibly constructive role. 我们可以起到非常有建设性的作用。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
Perhaps the most fundamental way in which the third side can help is to remind the parties of what's really at stake . 也许第三方起到的最根本的作用 是提醒其它两方 什么才是最重要的。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌;
For the sake of the kids, for the sake of the family, for the sake of the community, for the sake of the future, let's stop fighting for a moment and start talking. 为孩子着想,为家庭着想, 为社区着想,为将来着想, 让我们暂时停止争斗,开始谈一谈。
For the sake of:为了;为了…的利益;
Because, the thing is, when we're involved in conflict, it's very easy to lose perspective . 因为当我们 陷入一场冲突当中的时候, 我们非常容易失去理智。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
It's very easy to react . 我们很容易有所反应。
react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应;
Human beings: we're reaction machines. 人类就是反应机器。
reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
And as the saying goes , when angry, you will make the best speech you will ever regret. 常言道, 当你生气时,你将作出最激昂的演讲 为此你会后悔一辈子。
as the saying goes:常言道,正如俗语所说;
And so the third side reminds us of that. 所以第三方提醒了我们这一点。
The third side helps us go to the balcony , which is a metaphor for a place of perspective, where we can keep our eyes on the prize. 第三方帮助我们来到阳台上, 这是一个比喻,指的是一个审视思考的地方, 让我们把注意力集中在代价上面。
balcony:n.阳台;包厢;戏院楼厅; metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法;
Let me tell you a little story from my own negotiating experience. 让我给你们讲一个我自己谈判经历的故事。
negotiating:v.谈判;磋商;协商;商定;达成协议;(negotiate的现在分词)
Some years ago, I was involved as a facilitator in some very tough talks between the leaders of Russia and the leaders of Chechnya. 几年前我作为调停者卷进了 一些非常艰难的谈判对话 在俄罗斯领导人 和车臣领导人之间的谈判。
facilitator:n.服务商;促进者;
There was a war going on, as you know. 你知道,那个时候战争正在进行当中。
And we met in The Hague, in the Peace Palace, in the same room where the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal was taking place. 我们在海牙 和平宫里见面, 就在南斯拉夫战争罪行审判 发生的同一间屋子里。
tribunal:n.法庭;裁决;法官席;
And the talks got off to a rather rocky start when the vice president of Chechnya began by pointing at the Russians and said, "You should stay right here in your seats, because you're going to be on trial for war crimes." 从一开始这对话就非常的艰难 当车臣的副总统 开始指着俄国人说, “你应该好好地待在你们的位置上, 因为你们将要接受战争罪行的审判。”
rocky:adj.岩石的;多岩石的;困难的;难以维持的; vice:n.恶习;缺点;[机]老虎钳;卖淫;prep.代替;v.钳住;adj.副的;代替的;
And then he went on, and then he turned to me and said, "You're an American. 然后他转向我,继续说到, “你是一个美国人,
Look at what you Americans are doing in Puerto Rico." 看看你们美国人在波多黎各都做了些什么。”
Puerto:n.垭口,港口,山口;
And my mind started racing, "Puerto Rico? What do I know about Puerto Rico?" 于是我开始想,“波多黎各？关于波多黎各我都知道什么？”
I started reacting , but then I tried to remember to go to the balcony. 我开始进行反应, 但然后我就想回到阳台上去。
reacting:v.起反应;(对…)作出反应;回应;(react的现在分词)
And then when he paused, and everyone looked at me for a response , from a balcony perspective, I was able to thank him for his remarks and say, "I appreciate your criticism of my country, and I take it as a sign that we're among friends and can speak candidly to one another. 当他停下来, 所有人都等待我回答的时候, 我从阳台上看到了一些东西,我可以感谢他的提醒 于是我说,“谢谢你对我祖国的批评, 我把它视作我们之间的友谊 和我们可以坦诚相待的标志。
response:n.响应;反应;回答; remarks:n.评论(remark的复数);摘要;附注; appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责; candidly:adv.坦白地;率直地;直率而诚恳地;
And what we're here to do is not to talk about Puerto Rico or the past. 我们在这里不是来探讨波多黎各或者是过去的问题,
What we're here to do is to see if we can figure out a way to stop the suffering and the bloodshed in Chechnya." 而是看看是否可以找到一个解决方法 来停止车臣的苦难以及流血事件。”
bloodshed:n.流血;杀戮;
The conversation got back on track . 对话又回到了正轨。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
That's the role of the third side, is to help the parties to go to the balcony. 这就是第三方的角色 帮助争执的两方回到阳台上。
Now let me take you for a moment to what's widely regarded as the world's most difficult conflict, or the most impossible conflict, is the Middle East. 现在让我带你见识一下 什么被广泛认为是世界上最艰难的冲突 最无法想象的冲突, 这就是中东问题。
Question is: where's the third side there? 问题是:第三方在哪里？
How can we possibly go to the balcony? 我们怎么可能回到阳台上去？
Now I don't pretend to have an answer to the Middle East conflict, but I think I've got a first step, literally a first step, something that any one of us could do as third-siders. 我不是假装我知道 中东问题的答案, 但是我觉得我迈出了第一步, 名副其实的第一步, 我们每一个人都可以做一些第三方该做的事情。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
Let me just ask you one question first. 让我先问你一个问题。
How many of you in the last years have ever found yourself worrying about the Middle East and wondering what anyone could do? 你们中有多少人 在过去的几年里 觉得你关心过中东问题 想过自己能为此做点什么？
Just out of curiosity , how many of you? 只是好奇,有多少人?
curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
Okay, so the great majority of us. 好的,我们中很大一部分人。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
And here, it's so far away. 这里,离中东很远。
Why do we pay so much attention to this conflict? 为什么我们要这样关注中东问题呢？
Is it the number of deaths? 是因为死亡的人数吗？
There are a hundred times more people who die in a conflict in Africa than in the Middle East. 在非洲冲突中死的人数 是中东问题的上百倍。
No, it's because of the story, because we feel personally involved in that story. 不。而是因为这个故事, 我们觉得自己也卷入了其中, 卷入到这个故事当中。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
Whether we're Christians, Muslims or Jews, religious or non-religious, we feel we have a personal stake in it. 无论我们是基督教徒,穆斯林教徒还是犹太教徒, 信仰宗教者或是非宗教信仰者, 我们觉得自己也和它有一些联系。
religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑;
Stories matter. As an anthropologist , I know that. 这是故事在发挥着作用。作为一个人类学家,我知道这一点。
anthropologist:n.人类学家;人类学者;
Stories are what we use to transmit knowledge. 故事被我们用来传递知识。
transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染;
They give meaning to our lives. 它给予我们生命的意义。
That's what we tell here at TED, we tell stories. 这就是我们在TED所做的,我们讲故事。
Stories are the key. 故事是关键。
And so my question is, yes, let's try and resolve the politics there in the Middle East, but let's also take a look at the story. 所以我的问题是, 没错,让我们试试解决中东 的政治问题, 但是,也让我们看看这个故事。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) take a look at:看一看;检查;
Let's try to get at the root of what it's all about. 让我们试着了解下这到底是怎么回事。
Let's see if we can apply the third side to it. 让我们看看怎样使用第三方的办法。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
What would that mean? What is the story there? 这到底意味着什么？故事到底是怎样的？
Now as anthropologists , we know that every culture has an origin story. 我们作为人类学家,知道 每一个文化都有一个故事源头。
anthropologists:[人类]人类学家; origin:n.起源;起因;源头;出身;
What's the origin story of the Middle East? 那么中东的故事源头又是什么呢？
In a phrase, it's: 4,000 years ago, a man and his family walked across the Middle East, and the world has never been the same since. 如果用一句话来说,就是: 4000年前,一个男人和他的家庭 步行穿越了中东, 世界从此变得不再一样。
That man, of course, was Abraham. 那个男人,当然 就是亚伯拉罕。
And what he stood for was unity, the unity of the family. 他主张团结, 家庭的团结。
He's the father of us all. 他是我们所有人的父亲。
But it's not just what he stood for, it's what his message was. 但不仅仅是他主张什么,还有他所传递的信息也是这样。
His basic message was unity too, the interconnectedness of it all and the unity of it all. 他所传递的基本信息也是团结在一起, 一切的相互联系,一切的团结。
interconnectedness:n.互联性;
And his basic value was respect, was kindness toward strangers. 他的基本理念得到了尊重, 对陌生人友好。
That's what he's known for, his hospitality . 这就是他为人所知的东西,他的友好。
hospitality:n.好客;殷勤;
So in that sense, he's a symbolic third side of the Middle East. 所以在那个意义上, 他就是中东问题 第三方的象征。
symbolic:adj.象征的;符号的;使用符号的;
He's the one who reminds us that we're all part of a greater whole. 他就是那个提醒我们 我们都是伟大人类大家庭的一部分。
Now how would you -- now think about that for a moment. 那么你会—— 那么再想一想
Today we face the scourge of terrorism . 今天我们面临着恐怖主义的危害。
scourge:vt.鞭打;蹂躏;严斥;痛斥;n.鞭;灾祸;鞭子;苦难的根源; terrorism:n.恐怖主义;
What is terrorism? 什么是恐怖主义？
Terrorism is basically taking an innocent stranger and treating them as an enemy whom you kill in order to create fear. 基本来说,恐怖主义就是把一个完完全全的陌生人 当作一个你要杀的敌人 以此来制造恐惧。
innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词)
What's the opposite of terrorism? 那么恐怖主义的反面是什么？
It's taking an innocent stranger and treating them as a friend whom you welcome into your home in order to sow and and create understanding, or respect, or love. 把一个完完全全的陌生人 当作朋友 并且邀请他去你家里 以此来增进感情,互相理解, 互相尊重和爱。
sow:n.母猪; v.播种; adj.(美)雌的;
So what if then you took the story of Abraham, which is a third side story, what if that could be -- because Abraham stands for hospitality -- what if that could be an antidote to terrorism? 那么,如果 你看看亚伯拉罕这个第三方的故事 会怎么样？ 这也许会—— 因为亚伯拉罕代表着友好 这也许会成为恐怖主义的良药呢？
what if:如果…怎么办? antidote:n.[药]解毒剂;解药;矫正方法;
What if that could be a vaccine against religious intolerance ? 也许这会成为对抗 宗教偏执的疫苗呢？
vaccine:n.疫苗;牛痘苗;adj.疫苗的;牛痘的; intolerance:n.(尤指对别人的意见)不宽容;偏狭;
How would you bring that story to life? 你会怎样用生命来演绎这个故事？
Now it's not enough just to tell a story -- that's powerful -- but people need to experience the story. 光讲故事是不够的—— 这很有感染力—— 但人们需要的是去亲身感受这个故事。
They need to be able to live the story. How would you do that? 他们需要去把故事演绎出来。你会怎么做？
And that was my thinking of how would you do that. 我觉得你应该这样做。
And that's what comes to the first step here. 因为这就是那第一步。
Because the simple way to do that is you go for a walk. 因为简单的方法来做这件事 就是你去走一走。
You go for a walk in the footsteps of Abraham. 跟随着亚伯拉罕的足迹走一走。
footsteps:n.脚步(footstep的复数形式);步距;
You retrace the footsteps of Abraham. 你重新去绘制亚伯拉罕之路。
retrace:v.沿原路返回;折回;追溯;找出;回顾;
Because walking has a real power. 因为行走具有真正的力量。
You know, as an anthropologist, walking is what made us human. 作为人类学家,你们知道,行走造就了我们人类。
It's funny, when you walk, you walk side-by-side in the same common direction. 行走很有趣,在你行走的时候, 你们肩并着肩一起走 朝着共同的方向。
side-by-side:adj.并肩的;并行的;
Now if I were to come to you face-to-face and come this close to you, you would feel threatened. 如果我面朝你们走来 而且和你离得这么近, 你会感受到威胁。
face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的;adv.面对面地;
But if I walk shoulder-to-shoulder, even touching shoulders, it's no problem. 但是如果我和你肩并肩一起走, 即使肩膀碰着, 也没有问题。
Who fights while they walk? 谁会在走路的时候打起来呢？
That's why in negotiations often, when things get tough, people go for walks in the woods. 这就是为什么,当协商变得艰难的时候, 人们会去森林里走一走。
So the idea came to me of what about inspiring a path, a route -- think the silk route, think the Appalachian trail -- that followed in the footst eps o f Abraham. 所以我想到了这个点子 去开发 一条小径,一条路 想想丝绸之路,想想阿巴拉契亚山径 这些都追随着 亚伯拉罕的足迹。
inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词) route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
People said, "That's crazy. You can't. 人们会说,“这太疯狂了,你不能这样做。
You can't retrace the footsteps of Abraham. It's too insecure . 你无法重新绘制亚伯拉罕的足迹。这太不安全了。
insecure:adj.不安全的;不稳定的;不牢靠的;
You've got to cross all these borders. 你会经过所有这些边界。
It goes across 10 different countries in the Middle East, because it unites them all." 中东有十个不同的国家 因为他们都连在一起。”
unites:联合;合并;
And so we studied the idea at Harvard . 所以我们在哈佛做了研究。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生;
We did our due diligence . 我们做了该做的努力。
diligence:n.勤奋,勤勉;注意的程度;
And then a few years ago, a group of us, about 25 of us from about 10 different countries, decided to see if we could retrace the footsteps of Abraham, 然后几年前,我们一行几个人 来自10个国家的25个人, 决定看看是否可以重新绘制当年亚伯拉罕的足迹,
going from his initial birthplace in the city of Urfa in Southern Turkey, Northern Mesopotamia. 从他的出生地乌尔法出发 在土耳其南部,美苏布达米亚北部。
initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于; birthplace:n.出生地;发源地;
And we then took a bus and took some walks and went to Harran, where, in the Bible , he sets off on his journey . 然后我们乘坐了汽车,也步行了一段 走到哈兰 在圣经里,他出发的地方。
Bible:n.有权威的书; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
Then we crossed the border into Syria , went to Aleppo, which turns out is named after Abraham. 然后我们跨域边境,来到叙利亚,前往阿勒颇, 它是个由亚伯拉罕命名的地方。
Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
We went to Damascus, which has a long history associated with Abraham. 我们去了大马士革 一个和亚伯拉罕有着很深渊源的地方。
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
We then came to Northern Jordan, to Jerusalem , which is all about Abraham, to Bethlehem , and finally to the place where he's buried in Hebron. 然后我们去了北约旦, 耶路撒冷, 那儿的一切都和亚伯拉罕有关,然后是伯利恒, 最终来到他被埋葬的地方 希伯伦。
Jerusalem:n.耶路撒冷(以色列首都); Bethlehem:n.伯利恒(耶稣降生地);
So effectively, we went from womb to tomb. 所以,我们从他的出生地走到他的墓地。
womb:n.[解剖]子宫;发源地;vt.容纳;
We showed it could be done. It was an amazing journey. 我们证明了这是可以完成的。这真的是一个惊人的旅程。
Let me ask you a question. 让我问你一个问题。
How many of you have had the experience of being in a strange neighborhood , or strange land, and a total stranger, perfect stranger, comes up to you and shows you some kindness, 你们中有多少人经历过 在一个完全陌生的社区里, 或是一个完全陌生的土地上, 然后一个完全陌生的人,完完全全的陌生人 走到你面前向你表示友好,
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
maybe invites you into their home, gives you a drink, gives you a coffee, gives you a meal? 也许是邀请你到他家里去,请你喝些东西, 给你一杯咖啡,一顿饭？
How many of you have ever had that experience? 你们有多少人有过这样的经历？
That's the essence of the Abraham path. 这就是亚伯拉罕之路 的精华。
essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精;
But that's what you discover, is you go into these villages in the Middle East where you expect hostility , and you get the most amazing hospitality, all associated with Abraham. 这就是当你走到中东的那些小村子里你会发现的东西 你觉得会有敌意, 但你得到的却是最友善的款待, 所有这一切都和亚伯拉罕有关。
hostility:n.敌意;战争行动;
'" In the name of father Abraham, let me offer you some food." “以亚伯拉罕的名义, 请允许我给您一些吃的东西。”
In the name of:以…的名义;
So what we discovered is that Abraham is not just a figure out of a book for those people, he's alive, he's a living presence . 所以我们发现, 亚伯拉罕对他们来说,不仅仅是书中的一个人物, 他还活着,他依然在那里。
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
And to make a long story short , in the last couple of years now, thousands of people have begun to walk parts of the path of Abraham in the Middle East, enjoying the hospitality of the people there. 所以长话短说, 在过去的几年里, 上千人开始了 亚伯拉罕之路的旅程 在中东, 享受着那里人们的友好。
make a long story short:长话短说,简而言之;总之;
They've begun to walk in Israel and Palestine, in Jordan, in Turkey, in Syria. 他们已经在 以色列,巴勒斯坦开始行走, 在约旦,土耳其,叙利亚开始行走,
It's an amazing experience. 这是很令人难以置信的经历。
Men, women, young people, old people -- more women than men, actually, interestingly . 男人,女人,年轻人,老人—— 有趣的是,事实上女人要比男人多。
interestingly:adv.有趣地;
For those who can't walk, who are unable to get there right now, people started to organize walks in cities, in their own communities. 那些无法行走的人, 现在那些无法到达那里的人 人们开始规划他们的行走 在城市里,在他们自己的社区里。
organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;
In Cincinnati , for instance , that organized a walk from a church to a mosque to a synagogue and all had an Abrahamic meal together. 比如在辛辛那提,组织了一个 从教堂到清真寺再到犹太教堂的行走 然后大家一起享用了亚伯拉罕式的餐点。
Cincinnati:n.辛辛那提(美国俄亥俄州西南部城市); instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式) mosque:n.清真寺; synagogue:n.犹太教会堂;犹太人集会;
It was Abraham path day. 这就是亚伯拉罕之路日。
In Sao Paulo, Brazil , it's become an annual event for thousands of people to run in a virtual Abraham path run, uniting the different communities. 在巴西圣保罗,这已成为了一年一度的活动 上千人一起奔跑 在虚拟的亚伯拉罕之路上, 并集结了不同的社区来奔跑。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认); uniting:v.(为某事)联合,联手,团结;联合;统一;(unite的现在分词)
The media love it, they really adore it. 媒体爱死了这件事,他们真的很爱这个活动。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
They lavish attention on it because it's visual , and it spreads the idea, this idea of Abrahamic hospitality of kindness towards strangers. 他们花了很大的精力在这上面 因为这是看得到的, 而且还宣传了这个观念 对于陌生人 要表现出亚伯拉罕式的友好。
lavish:adj.浪费的;丰富的;大方的;vt.浪费;慷慨给予;滥用; visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的;
And just a couple weeks ago, there was an NPR story on it. 就在几周前, 全国公共广播电台NPR报道了一个关于这件事的故事。
Last month, there was a piece in the Guardian , in the Manchester Guardian , about it -- two whole pages. 上个月, 在卫报上有这么一个消息, 在曼彻斯特卫报上 差不多有两个整版报道此事。
Guardian:n.[法]监护人,保护人;守护者;adj.守护的;
And they quoted a villager who said, "This walk connects us to the world." 他们引用了一个村子里的人的话 说:“这个行走将我们与世界连在了一起。”
quoted:v.引用;引述;举例说明;开价;(quote的过去分词和过去式)
He said it was like a light that went on in our lives. 他说,这就像是一盏明灯把我们生命点亮。
It brought us hope. 它给我们带来了希望。
And so that's what it's about. 这就是它的意义所在。
But it's not just about psychology , it's about economics, because as people walk they spend money. 这不仅仅是指在心理学的层面上, 而且还是在经济学的层面上, 因为当人们行走的时候,他们要有花销。
psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
And this woman right here, Um Ahmad, is a woman who lives on a path in Northern Jordan. 眼前的这位妇人,乌姆·阿哈默德Um Ahmad 是一个生活在亚伯拉罕之路北约旦路上的一位女性。
She's desperately poor. 她相当地贫困。
desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
She's partially blind, her husband can't work, she's got seven kids. 她有点失明,而且她的丈夫无法工作, 她有7个孩子。
partially:adv.部分地;偏袒地;
But what she can do is cook. 但是她可以烹饪。
And so she's begun to cook for some groups of walkers who come through the village and have a meal in her home. 于是她开始给行走的人做吃的东西 经过这个村庄的步行者会在她家里吃上一顿。
They sit on the floor. 他们坐在地板上。
She doesn't even have a tablecloth . 她甚至没有桌布。
tablecloth:n.桌布;台布;
She makes the most delicious food that's fresh from the herbs in the surrounding countryside. 她用周围乡下新鲜的植物 做了最好吃的食物。
And so more and more walkers have come. 于是越来越多的行人来到了这里。
And lately she's begun to earn an income to support her family. 然后她就开始有了一些收入 来补贴家用。
And so she told our team there, she said, "You have made me visible in a village where people were once ashamed to look at me." 她告诉我们在那里的团队,她说 “在这个村庄,你们让别人看得起我了, 而过去人们觉得看到我 是一件耻辱的事。”
visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目; ashamed:adj.惭愧;尴尬;因惭愧而不情愿;
That's the potential of the Abraham path. 这就是亚伯拉罕之路的力量。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
There are literally hundreds of those kinds of communities across the Middle East, across the path. 事实上已有上百个这样的团体 穿越了中东,踏上了亚伯拉罕之路。
The potential is basically to change the game. 其潜力本质上改变了这个游戏。
And to change the game, you have to change the frame , the way we see things -- to change the frame from hostility to hospitality, from terrorism to tourism. 要改变这个游戏,需要改变其框架 我们看事情的角度—— 要改变框架 从敌意到友好 从恐怖主义到旅行。
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的;
And in that sense, the Abraham path is a game-changer. 从这个角度上来讲,亚伯拉罕之路 是一个游戏变革者。
Let me just show you one thing. 让我给你们展示一样东西,
I have a little acorn here that I picked up while I was walking on the path earlier this year. 我这里有一个小橡果 是我今年早些时候在亚伯拉罕之路上 捡到的。
acorn:n.[植]橡子;[林]橡实;
Now the acorn is associated with the oak tree, of course -- grows into an oak tree, which is associated with Abraham. 当然这个橡果是和橡树相联系的—— 长成一棵橡树, 和亚伯拉罕有关。
oak:n.橡树;橡木色;橡木家具;adj.栎树的;栎木制的;
The path right now is like an acorn; it's still in its early phase . 这条路现在就像这个橡果; 它还在刚开始的阶段。
phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做;
What would the oak tree look like? 橡树长得什么样？
Well I think back to my childhood , a good part of which I spent, after being born here in Chicago, 我想起了我的童年, 在我在芝加哥出生后的大部分时光,
childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期
I spent in Europe. 我都生活在欧洲。
If you had been in the ruins of, say, London in 1945, or Berlin, and you had said, "60 years from now, this is going to be the most peaceful, prosperous part of the planet," 如果你曾呆在 废墟当中,比如说1945年的伦敦 或者是柏林, 然后你说 “从现在起60年后, 这儿将会成为世界上最和平,最富足的地方。”
ruins:n.遗迹(ruin的复数形式);废墟;v.毁灭(ruin的三单形式); prosperous:adj.繁荣的;兴旺的;
people would have thought you were certifiably insane . 人们会想 你肯定是疯了。
certifiably:adv.可证明地; insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的;
But they did it thanks to a common identity -- Europe -- and a common economy . 但这得感谢他们的共同身份——欧盟,还有共同的经济 他们做到了这一点。
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
So my question is, if it can be done in Europe, why not in the Middle East? 所以我的问题是,如果这能在欧洲做到, 那为什么在中东做不到呢？
Why not, thanks to a common identity -- which is the story of Abraham -- and thanks to common economy that would be based in good part on tourism? 为什么不能通过一种共同身份—— 亚伯拉罕的故事 和很大一部分基于旅游业的共同经济 来达成一致呢？
So let me conclude then by saying that in the last 35 years, as I've worked in some of the most dangerous, difficult and intractable conflicts around the planet, 那么让我总结一下, 就我过去35年 在世界上处理过的 最危险,最艰难,最棘手 的这些冲突工作来说,
conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定) intractable:adj.棘手的;难治的;倔强的;不听话的;
I have yet to see one conflict that I felt could not be transformed . 我还没有看到一个 让我感觉无法改变的冲突。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
It's not easy, of course, but it's possible. 当然,这并不容易, 但这是可能的。
It was done in South Africa. 在南非做到了,
It was done in Northern Ireland. 在北爱尔兰做到了,
It could be done anywhere. 在任何地方我们都可以做到。
It simply depends on us. 这仅仅取决于我们,
It depends on us taking the third side. 取决于我们扮演的第三方角色。
So let me invite you to consider taking the third side, even as a very small step. 所以让我来邀请你 考虑成为这第三方, 即使是迈出非常小的一步。
We're about to take a break in a moment . 我们很快也会有所作为。
in a moment:立刻;
Just go up to someone who's from a different culture, a different country, a different ethnicity , some difference, and engage them in a conversation; listen to them. 走向那些 来自不同文化,不同国家, 不同种族,各种不同的人们, 和他们进行交谈,听听他们的想法。
ethnicity:n.种族划分; engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
That's a third side act. 这就是第三方的行动。
That's walking Abraham's path. 这样就走上了亚伯拉罕之路。
After a TEDTalk, why not a TEDWalk? 在TED演说后, 为什么不来个TED行走呢？
So let me just leave you with three things. 那么,让我留给你们 三样东西。
One is, the secret to peace is the third side. 第一,和平的秘密 在于第三方。
The third side is us, each of us, with a single step, can take the world, can bring the world, a step closer to peace. 第三方就是我们。 我们中的每一位 即使是迈出一小步, 它也可以使这个世界 向和平迈进一步。
There's an old African proverb that goes: "When spiderwebs unite, they can halt even the lion." 有个古老非洲的成语这样说: “当蜘蛛网连接在一起, 它们甚至可以使一只狮子停下来。”
proverb:n.谚语,格言;众所周知的人或事; spiderwebs:n.蜘蛛网;vt.用蛛网或蛛网物盖住;adj.蛛网形的; halt:v.停止;立定;踌躇,犹豫;n.停止;立定;休息;
If we're able to unite our third side webs of peace, we can even halt the lion of war. 如果我们可以连接 我们第三方之间的和平网络, 我们甚至可以使战争这头狮子停下来。
Thank you very much. 非常感谢
(Applause) (掌声)