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WanjiraMathai_2019S-_三种根除贪腐文化的方法_-
Have you ever been robbed? 你被抢劫过吗？
Or had something you value forcibly taken from you against your will? 或者,有人强行夺走过 你所珍视的东西吗？
forcibly:adv.用力地;强制地;有说服力地;
It's violating . 这是一种侵犯。
violating:v.违背,违反(violate的现在分词);
Feelings of fury , of assault and of helplessness . 这让人感觉到气愤、羞辱、 无能为力。
fury:n.狂怒;暴怒;激怒者; assault:v.袭击;殴打;威胁;非议;(assault的现在分词) helplessness:n.无能为力;无可奈何状态;
That's what corruption feels like. 这就是贪污腐败给人带来的感觉。
corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
Corruption is theft. 贪污就是盗窃。
It is corrosive , it is criminal, it is toxic and it is predatory . 它是一种腐蚀, 它是一种犯罪, 它是一种鸠毒, 它是一种掠夺。
corrosive:adj.腐蚀的;侵蚀性的;n.腐蚀物; toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; predatory:adj.掠夺的,掠夺成性的;食肉的;捕食生物的;
Now, I'm from Kenya, and in Kenya, corruption takes different forms. 我来自肯尼亚, 在肯尼亚,贪污腐败 有很多种不同的形式。
I want to share the story of Karura Forest with you. 我想与你们分享卡鲁拉森林的故事。
This is my hometown of Nairobi. 这是我的家乡内罗毕。
I love Nairobi. It's beautiful. 我很爱内罗毕;它很美丽。
But it is a city of paradoxes . 但这也是一个充满矛盾的城市。
paradoxes:n.[数]悖论(paradox的复数);
It is at once beautiful and challenging. 它很美丽, 但也充满挑战。
But at the heart of this beautiful city that I call home is Karura Forest, an oasis of green, expansive beauty that would be the envy of any city anywhere. 然而,在这个我称之为家乡的 美丽城市的中心地带, 是卡鲁拉森林。 这是一片令任何一个城市 都会羡慕的广袤绿洲。
oasis:n.绿洲;舒适的地方;令人宽慰的事物; expansive:adj.广阔的;扩张的;豪爽的; envy:n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;v.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;感到妒忌;显示出妒忌;
We almost lost Karura Forest to corruption. 我们差一点就因为贪污腐败 而失去了卡鲁拉森林。
Word has reached my mother, Wangari Maathai, that Karura Forest is under attack. 卡鲁拉森林即将遭到毁坏的消息, 传到了我的母亲旺加里 · 马泰 （Wangari Maathai）的耳朵里。
There was a construction site coming up right in the middle of the forest. 在森林当中将会有一片建筑工地。
construction site:na.建筑工地;
Government officials had stolen the forest. 政府官员窃取了森林,
They had divided, sold and gifted hundreds of parcels of Karura to their friends and cronies . 他们将卡鲁拉森林强行分割, 并出售或赠送给了 他们的亲朋好友。
gifted:adj.有天赋的;有才华的; parcels:[邮]包裹;小包(parcel的名词复数);打包;捆扎(parcel的第三人称单数); cronies:n.密友(crony的复数);
Now in 1977, my mother founded the Green Belt Movement to plant trees across Kenya, restore green spaces and protect green spaces, much like Karura Forest. 在 1977 年的时候, 我的母亲创立了“绿带运动”, 致力于在肯尼亚各地植树, 修复绿色空间, 保护像卡鲁拉森林一样的绿色空间。
Green Belt:n.(城市周围的)绿化地带; restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原;
She got together her friends and allies , and together, they created what became one of the most successful tree-planting campaigns in the world. 她把朋友与同盟团结在一起, 与他们一道创建了 这个世界上最成功的植树运动之一。
allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数) tree-planting:n.植树造林;
It was therefore no surprise that when word got to her that Karura was under attack, they immediately sprang into action. 不出所料, 当她听说卡鲁拉森林正遭受危机时, 他们立即行动起来了。
They battled police and hired goons to stop the theft of this forest. 他们与警方和受雇的帮手抗争, 阻止森林资源被盗窃。
goons:n.暴徒;愚笨者,呆子;细打包麻布(goon的复数形式);
But fortunately , there was an uprising of support from the clergy , politicians , students and the general public , all of whom came out to say no to corruption and greed . 幸运的是,支持他们的力量日益强大, 这股力量来自于牧师、政客、 学生以及广大群众。 他们都站了出来, 向腐败与贪婪说不。
fortunately:adv.幸运地; uprising:n.起义;升起;adj.升起的;v.起义(uprise的ing形式);升起; clergy:n.神职人员;牧师;僧侣; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) general public:n.普通百姓;大众;公众; greed:n.贪婪,贪心;
And pretty soon, that support was too strong and intense for the authorities to subdue . 没过多久,这股力量就强大到 让当局屈服了。
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数) subdue:vt.征服;抑制;减轻;
And Karura Forest was saved. 卡鲁拉森林得救了。
In the 2000s, I joined my mother in the Green Belt Movement and witnessed the growth of the movement's advocacy activities, its expansion beyond Kenya and an extremely important growing consensus 在 2000 年代, 我加入了母亲的绿带运动, 并见证了这个运动的宣传规模 如何一步步扩大, 在肯尼亚以外的扩展, 以及一种围绕她于 2004 年获得的
witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词) advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护; expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意;
around the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize that she received -- that the environment, democracy and peace were inextricably linked. 诺贝尔和平奖的重要共识。 即环境、民主与和平, 三者密不可分。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; inextricably:adv.逃不掉地;解不开地;解决不了地;
I also learned that what my mother had faced that many years ago trying to protect Karura Forest was not an isolated incident. 同时我也意识到, 我的母亲在那么多年前 保护卡鲁拉森林时所面对的, 并不是一个孤立的事件。
isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
The corruption and greed that manifested itself then is alive and well today, from greedy politicians and public servants willing to loot public coffers at their expense . 当时的政府展现出的腐败与贪婪, 如今依旧盛行。 贪婪的政客与公务员 能够为了一己私利 去抢掠公库。
manifested:adj.证明的;已显示的;显然的;v.显示;证明(manifest的过去分词); greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的; servants:n.仆人;服务员(servant的复数); loot:n.战利品;抢劫;掠夺品;v.抢劫,洗劫;强夺; coffers:n.金库(coffer的复数); v.用花格镶板装饰; expense:n.费用;开支;花费;开销;
Corruption is everywhere. 贪污腐败无处不在。
Now, corruption is devastating to any economy , democracy and the environment. 贪污腐败对任何经济体、民主国家 和环境都具有破坏性。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
It robs citizens of vital social services and renders human life worthless . 它从公民身上夺走了 至关重要的社会服务, 使人们的生活失去价值。
vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; social services:n.社会福利制度(由当地政府组织,向困难者提供帮助的制度); renders:n.渲染; v.提出; worthless:adj.无价值的;不值钱的;卑微的;
When young men are willing to join gangs and brutalize their communities for a small fee, and women are raped on the way to work, and, when they report this, the perpetrators bribe their way out of jail , and when young girls have to sell their bodies to buy sanitary towels, you know the society is broken. 当年轻人 情愿加入帮派, 为了一些蝇头小利 施行暴力; 当妇女因在上班途中被强暴而报案, 施暴者却能 通过贿赂免于牢狱之灾; 当年轻的姑娘们出卖身体, 只为了有钱购买卫生巾时; 你就知道,这个社会已经崩塌了。
gangs:n.帮派(gang的复数);v.成帮结伙;合伙行动(gang的三单形式); brutalize:vt.残酷地对待;使像野兽般残忍,使变得残酷无情;vi.变粗暴;变残忍; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) raped:v.强奸;强暴(rape的过去分词和过去式) perpetrators:n.作恶者;行凶者;犯罪者;(perpetrator的复数) bribe:v.贿赂,收买;n.贿赂; jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱; sanitary:adj.卫生的,清洁的;n.公共厕所;
In recent years, Kenya has been ranked amongst the top 10 most corrupt countries in the world. 近几年来,肯尼亚被评为 世界上贪腐现象 最严重的十大国家之一。
amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among);
Even more frustrating for me is that Kenya loses a third of her national budget to corruption each year. 更令我沮丧的是, 肯尼亚每年的国家预算 有三分之一因为贪腐而流失,
frustrating:adj.令人沮丧的;v.使沮丧;(frustrate的现在分词) budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
That is six billion dollars. 金额达到 60 亿美金。
It is totally unacceptable . 这令人完全无法接受。
unacceptable:adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的;
In a country where anti-corruption efforts have been frustrated and ignored and interfered with, we absolutely need new strategies for dealing with this vice. 当这个国家的反腐举措 令人沮丧、被人无视、 甚至遭受阻挠时, 我们绝对需要新的策略 来应对这个恶习。
anti-corruption:n.反腐败;反贪腐;廉政风暴; frustrated:adj.失意的,挫败的;泄气的;v.挫败;阻挠;(frustrate的过去式和过去分词) ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式) interfered:v.干涉;干预;介入;(interfere的过去分词和过去式) absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
We cannot complain forever. 我们不能永远只是抱怨。
complain:v.投诉;发牢骚;诉说;
We either decide that we're going to live with it or we are going to change it. 要么下定决心忍受它, 要么就去改变它。
There's some good news. 当然也有一些好消息。
Human beings are not born corrupt. 人并非生来贪腐。
At some point, these behaviors are fostered by a culture that promotes individual gain over collective progress. 在某一个时间点,这些行为 从个人利益高于集体进步的 思想中滋生开来。
fostered:vt.培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);adj.收养的,养育的; promotes:v.促进;推动;促销;推销;提升;晋升;(promote的第三人称单数) individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
So if we're going to uproot corruption, we have got to start before it ever takes root. 因此,如果我们要根除贪污腐败, 就要在它扎根之前采取行动。
uproot:v.根除,连根拔起;迁离;改变生活方式;
We have got to intervene early. 我们需要尽早介入。
intervene:vi.干涉;调停;插入;
I don't know about your country, but where I come from, youth will lead us into the future. 我不知道你们的国家是怎样的, 但是在我的国家, 年轻人将带领我们走向未来。
In Kenya today, 80 percent of the population is under the age of 35. 如今的肯尼亚,80% 的人口 年龄在 35 岁以下。
under the age of:在年龄之下;16岁以下;
But by their own admission , they have conflicting values. 但他们自己也承认, 他们的价值观存在冲突。
admission:n.入场费;进入权;招供;门票费; conflicting:adj.互相斗争的;相冲突的;v.冲突,抵触;(conflict的现在分词)
Fifty-eight percent of young people in Kenya recently told us they will do anything to make money. 58% 的肯尼亚青年最近告诉我们, 他们为了挣钱什么都可以做。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
An additional 45 percent said corruption is a legitimate tool for doing business. 另有 45% 的年轻人说, 腐败是做生意的一种合法工具。
additional:adj.附加的,额外的; legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize);
Seventy-three percent said they would not be willing to stand up for what they believe in for fear of retribution . 有 73% 的人 说他们不愿意坚守自己的信念, 因为害怕遭受报应。
stand up for:支持,坚持;拥护; retribution:n.报应;惩罚;报答;报偿;
What I learned from my mother a few years ago was this concept of "the power of one" -- that each of us can be potent agents of change and that together, we are a force, 几年前,我从我的母亲那里 学到了一个概念—— “个体的力量”。 我们每个人都可以是 变革的有力推动者, 汇集在一起, 就是一股强大的力量。
potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的; agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数)
that if we put our hands together, we can change the situation and no problem is too big. 如果我们齐心协力, 就可以改变现状, 再大的问题都难不倒我们。
My mother understood this so profoundly that it was at the center of her work. 我的母亲非常深刻地意识到, 这就是她工作的核心。
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地;
Shifting cultures takes patience , persistence and commitment , and it is extremely slow and deep work. 改变文化需要 耐心、坚持以及承诺。 这是一项极其缓慢且深入的工作。
Shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词) patience:n.耐性,耐心;忍耐,容忍; persistence:n.持续;固执;存留;坚持不懈;毅力; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺;
But if we are going to shift a culture, we have got to get that work started. 但是如果我们想要改变文化, 就必须行动起来。
And in the time since her passing, we have established a foundation in her name to do exactly that but to work with young people and children to begin to build character and personal leadership, to inspire purpose and integrity . 自她去世以来, 我们以她的名义建立了基金会, 就是为了从事这项工作。 而且,我们召集了很多 年轻人和儿童, 帮助他们及早培养人格和领导力, 激励他们塑造人生目标和气节。
established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正;
But fighting corruption is not as easy as saying corruption is bad. 但是对抗腐败 并不是简单地说腐败不好。
Now, here are three strategies that we are employing that we believe can be replicated in any school community . 我们采取了三种策略, 我们认为这些在任何一个 学校或社区都可以被复制。
replicated:重复的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
First, we must understand the why: 第一点, 我们要理解“为什么”。
Why does corruption happen in the first place ? 为什么腐败的现象一开始会发生？
in the first place:首先;起初;
Do we call it for what it is -- theft -- or do we gloss over it with other words? 我们是应该直呼其名——盗窃, 还是用其他的名称来掩饰这种行为？
gloss:n.光彩;注释;假象;v.使光彩;掩盖;注释;
When young children are able to model what it looks and feels like to deal with corruption, they are likely, when faced with a dilemma in their future, to model what they've been taught. 当年幼的孩子可以模仿 应对贪腐是什么样的行为和感受, 当他们将来遇到这样的困境时, 就更有可能模仿自己被教授的内容。
dilemma:n.困境;进退两难;两刀论法;
Second, we need to teach character explicitly . 第二点,我们要明确地塑造 优秀的人格品质。
explicitly:adv.明确地;明白地;
Now, this may seem obvious , but a child who exhibits a growth mindset and a sense of self-control is self-confident . 这一点看上去显而易见, 但一个表现出成长性思维 和自控力的孩子, 是自信的;
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; exhibits:n.展览(exhibit的复数);陈列品;v.展览;陈列(exhibit的第三人称单数); mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态; self-control:n.克己,自我控制; self-confident:adj.自信的;
And a self-confident child is likely to stand up for what they believe. 而一个自信的孩子 更有可能捍卫自己的信念。
Third, we need to build personal leadership in our children early to give them an opportunity to know what it looks like to call corruption out when they see it, 第三点,我们需要尽早 培养孩子的个人领导力, 让他们有机会明白, 在看到贪腐现象时如何站出来,
what it feels like to stand up and be counted when they're needed and, for me, to make the more and most important connection between human suffering on one hand and corruption, greed and selfishness on the other. 当他们被需要时应该站出来。 对我而言,要在人类的痛苦 与腐败、贪婪和自私之间 建立更多更重要的联系。
on one hand:一方面; selfishness:n.自私自利;自我中心;任性;
We have got to believe in our capacity to bring about the future we want to see, each of us in our small way. 要坚信,只要每个人 都能尽一点微薄之力, 我们就有能力 实现我们所憧憬的未来。
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
Young people must believe that a new reality is possible. 年轻人要相信, 一种新的现实是可能的。
Corruption, climate change, ecosystem collapse , biodiversity loss -- all these issues need leadership. 贪污腐败,气候变化, 生态系统崩溃,生物多样性缺失—— 所有这些问题都需要领导力来解决。
ecosystem:n.生态系统; collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭; biodiversity:n.生物多样性; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
And in the words of Baba Dioum of Senegal, "In the final analysis , we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand and we will understand only what we are taught." 就像塞内加尔的巴巴 · 迪奥姆 （Baba Dioum）所说的那样, “归根结底, 我们只会 守我们所爱, 爱我们所知, 知我们所学。”
analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; conserve:vt.保存;将…做成蜜饯;使守恒;n.果酱;蜜饯;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）