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WanisKabbaj_2018S-_民族主义和全球主义如何共存_

So two weeks ago, I searched the word " nationalist " on Twitter. 两周前,我在推特上 搜索“民族主义者” 。
nationalist:n.民族主义者; adj.民族主义的(等于nationalistic);
The results were quite colorful, with expressions like, " Emboldened Racist Moron ," -- 结果多种多样, 有的说是“大胆的种族主义白痴”
expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数) Emboldened:v.使增加勇气;使更有信心;将(文本)变成粗体;(embolden的过去分词和过去式) Racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的; Moron:n.傻瓜;痴愚者;笨人;
(Laughter) (笑声)
'"White Supremacist Idiot ," “白种至上主义笨蛋”
Supremacist:n.至上主义者;adj.至上主义者的; Idiot:n.笨蛋,傻瓜;白痴;
'" Fascist Sock Puppets ," -- “法西斯的袜子木偶”
Fascist:n.法西斯主义者;法西斯党员;adj.法西斯主义的,法西斯党的; Puppets:n.木偶;傀儡(puppet的复数);
(Laughter) (笑声)
'"Orwellian, Hitlerian , Terrifying ." “奥威尔式的、希特勒式的,令人恐怖的。”
Hitlerian:adj.希特勒统治的; Terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词)
I then searched the word " globalist " 然后我搜索了“全球主义者”这个词,
globalist:n.支持全球主义者;
and got things like, " Socialist Sell-Outs ," 然后得到的结果是 “来自社会主义的叛徒,”
Socialist:n.社会主义者;社会党党员;adj.社会主义的;社会党的; Sell-Outs:n.出卖,背叛;票已售完;
'" Disgusting Corporate Propaganda ," “令人恶心的企业宣传,”
Disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词) Corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; Propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会;
'" Elitist Financial Overlords ," “精英阶层的金融霸主,”
Elitist:n.优秀人才;杰出人物;adj.优秀人才的;杰出人才的; Financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; Overlords:n.领主,庄主,大王;(overlord的复数)
'" Ruthless Cosmopolitan Rats." ”无情的世界主义老鼠。“
Ruthless:adj.无情的,残忍的; Cosmopolitan:adj.世界性的;四海一家的;n.四海为家者;世界主义者;
(Laughter) (笑声)
Even by social media standards , the words are cruel and disgusting. 即使用社交媒体的标准来看, 这些词是让人难受和厌恶的。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
But they reflect the intensity of one of the most fundamental questions of our times: 但是它们反应了一个 很严重的基本问题 在我们当下这个时代:
reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达; intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
Nationalism or globalism -- what is the best path forward? 民族主义还是全球主义——哪一个 才是最好的前进方向呢?
Nationalism:n.民族主义;国家主义;民族特性; globalism:n.全球主义;全球性干涉政策;世界化;
This question impacts everything we care about: our cultural identity , our prosperity , our political systems -- everything -- the health of our planet -- everything. 这个问题影响了我们 所关心的每一件事情: 我们的文化身份, 繁荣兴旺, 政治体制, 所有事情——我们星球的兴旺。
impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功;
So on the one hand , we have nationalism. 一方面,民族主义。
on the one hand:一方面;
Collins defines it as a " devotion to one's nation," 《柯林斯词典》把这一名词 解释为“对一个民族的忠诚”,
defines:v.阐明;明确;界定;画出…的线条;描出…的外形(define的第三人称单数) devotion:n.献身,奉献;忠诚;热爱;
but also, a " doctrine that puts national interests above international considerations ." 但同时也是“一种把 民族利益放在 全球环境之上的信条。”
doctrine:n.主义;学说;教义;信条; considerations:n.考虑;注意事项(consideration的复数形式);体贴;
For nationalists , our modern societies are built on national grounds: we share a land, a history, a culture, and we defend each other. 对于民族主义者来说,我们 现代社会是建立在民族的基础上: 我们分享一片土地, 一种历史,文化,并且互相保护。
nationalists:n.民族主义者;国家主义者(nationalist人复数);
In a big and chaotic world, they see nationalism as the only sensible way to maintain social stability . 在一个巨大的混乱的世界里, 他们将民族主义视作唯一一种 合理的维护社会稳定的方法。
chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的; sensible:adj.明智的; n.可感觉到的东西; maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见); stability:n.稳定性;坚定,恒心;
But alarmed globalists warn us: self-centered nationalism can easily turn ugly . 但是警惕的全球主义者提醒我们: 以自我为中心的民族主义 会很容易变得丑陋。
globalists:n.支持全球主义者; self-centered:adj.自我中心的;利己主义的; ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
We've seen it with 20th-century fascisms: bloody wars, millions of deaths, immeasurable destruction . 我们已经在20世纪的 法西斯主义里见到过: 血腥的战争,数百万人的死亡, 无可计量的破坏。
bloody:adj.血腥的;血淋淋的;v.血染; immeasurable:adj.无限的;[数]不可计量的;不能测量的; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
On the other hand , we have globalism. 另一方面,全球主义。
On the other hand:另一方面;
The Oxford Living Dictionary defines it as: "the operation or planning of economic and foreign policy on a global basis." 《牛津生活字典》对它定义为: “对经济和外交政策的经营或计划 建立在全球的基础上。”
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
For nationalists, globalism is rapidly deconstructing what our ancestors took decades to build. 对于民族主义者来说, 全球主义是一种对于 我们祖先用很长时间 建立起的体制的快速破坏。
deconstructing:v.解构(deconstruct的现在分词);
It's like spitting on our soldiers' tombs; it's eroding our national solidarities and opening the doors to foreign invasions . 就好像对着我们 士兵的坟墓吐痰; 它正在侵蚀我们的 国家团结; 并向来自外部的入侵敞开大门。
eroding:v.侵蚀;磨损(erode的ing形式);adj.侵蚀的; solidarities:团结;连带关系; invasions:n.武装入侵;侵略;侵犯;涌入;干预;(invasion的复数)
But globalists make the case that reinforcing our global governance is the only way to tackle big supernational problems, like nuclear proliferation , the global refugee crisis , climate change or terrorism or even the consequences of superhuman AI. 但是全球主义主张 增强全球化管理, 这是处理跨国问题的唯一方法, 例如核扩散, 全球难民危机, 气候变化或恐怖组织, 甚至超级人工智能带来的后果。
reinforcing:vt.加强(reinforce的ing形式); governance:n.管理;统治;支配; tackle:v.处理; n.用具; supernational:adj.由若干国家组成的;控制几个国家的; nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; proliferation:n.增殖,扩散;分芽繁殖; refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; terrorism:n.恐怖主义; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); superhuman:adj.超人的;人类能力所不能及的;属于神仙的;n.超人;
So we are at the crossroads , and we are asked to choose: nationalism or globalism? 所以,我们现在站在一个十字路口, 我们被要求做出选择: 民族主义或是全球主义?
crossroads:n.十字路口;交叉路口;聚会的中心地点(crossroad的复数形式);
Having lived in four continents , 我已经在四个大洲上居住过了,
continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数);
I've always been interested in this question. 常常对这个问题产生兴趣。
But it took a whole new level when I saw this happening: the biggest surge in nationalist votes in Western democracies since World War II. 但我看到这个后,使我对这个问题的 看法到了另一个层面上: 如今,在西方民主国家中支持民族主义 投票的陡增, 自从第二次世界大战以来。
surge:n.汹涌;大浪,波涛;汹涌澎湃;巨涌;v.汹涌;起大浪,蜂拥而来; democracies:民主;
All of a sudden , this isn't theory anymore. 一瞬间,这并不只是一个理论了。
All of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地;
I mean, these political movements have built their success with ideas that could mean, down the road , losing my French citizenship because I'm North African or not being able to come back home to the US because I come from a Muslim-majority country. 这些政治运动已经取得成功, 背后的想法 可能意味着,在不久的将来, 我可能会失去我法国公民的身份 因为我是一个北非人, 或者再也无法返回美国 因为我来自穆斯林为主的国家。
down the road:只要沿着这条路;将来;在路上; citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权;
You know, when you live in a democracy , you live with this idea that your government will always protect you, as long as you abide by the laws. 当你生活在民主国家中, 你相信,你的政府会永远保护你 只要你遵守法律。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; abide:vt.忍受,容忍;停留;遵守;vi.持续;忍受;停留;
With the rise of national populism , despite being the best citizen I can, 随着当下兴起的民族民粹主义, 尽管我是一个良好的市民,
populism:n.民粹主义,平民主义; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
I now have to live with the idea that my government can hurt me for reasons I cannot control. 我现在也要接受我的 政府可能会伤害我 只是因为一些我无法控制的原因。
It's very unsettling . 这极其令人不安。
unsettling:adj.使人不安的;(消息)扰乱的;v.动乱不定;心绪不宁(unsettle的现在分词)
But it forced me to rethink and rethink this question and try to think deeper. 但这让我再次思考, 再次并且更深入地 思考这个问题。
rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
And the more I thought about it, the more I started questioning the question. 随着我思考的越多, 我越来越开始质疑 这个问题本身。
Why would we have to choose between nationalism and globalism, between loving our country and caring for the world? 为什么我们一定要在民族主义 和全球主义中选择一个, 在热爱国家和关心世界 中选择一个呢?
There's no reason for that. 这是毫无道理的。
We don't have to choose between family and country or region or religion and country. 我们没有必要在家庭 和国家地区中选择 或是在宗教和国家中选择。
region:n.地区;范围;部位;
We already have multiple identities , and we live with them very well. 我们已经有了多重的身份, 伴随着这些,我们生活得也很好。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; identities:n.身份;本身;本体;特征;同一性;相同;(identity的复数)
Why would we have to choose between country and world? 为什么我们要在国家和 世界中做出抉择呢?
What if , instead of accepting this absurd choice, we took it on ourselves to fight this dangerous, binary thinking? 假如,与其去接受 这些荒谬的选择, 我们对抗这个危险的 二元选择会怎么样?
What if:如果…怎么办? absurd:adj.荒谬的;可笑的;n.荒诞;荒诞作品; binary:adj.[数]二进制的;二元的,二态的;
So for all the globalists in the audience, 所以面对在坐的 全球主义观众们,
I want to ask: 我想问:
When I say the word "nationalist," what image comes to your mind? 当我说“民族主义”这个词时 你们想到了什么?
Something like this? 是不是这样的?
Believe me, I think of that, too. 相信我,我也是这样想的。
But I'd like you to remember that for most people, nationalism feels more like this. 但我像让你们记住, 对大多数人来说 民族主义的感觉更像是这样的。
Or maybe like that. 或者像这样的。
You know, it's that thing inside you when you accidentally watch an obscure Olympic sport on TV -- 这就是你们内心深处的感受, 当你们无意间在电视上看到了 一个难懂的奥林匹克运动,
accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; obscure:n.朦胧; adj.无名的; v.使模糊;
(Laughter) (笑声)
wait -- and the mere sight of an unknown athlete wearing your national colors gets you all excited. 等一下, 仅仅看到一个不知名的运动员 穿着你们国家颜色的衣服 都会使你们激动。
mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘; athlete:n.运动员,体育家;身强力壮的人;
Your heartbeat goes up, your stress level goes up, and you're standing in front of the TV and screaming with passion for that athlete to win. 你的心跳加快, 血压升高, 并且你会驻足于电视前 为这个运动员的胜利激情尖叫,
heartbeat:n.心跳;情感; passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
That's nationalism. 这就是民族主义。
It's people happy to be together, happy to belong to a large national community . 人们乐于聚集在一起 为属于同一个 民族共同体感到开心。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Why would it be wrong? 哪里又有错的呢?
You know, globalists, you may think of nationalism as an old, 19th-century idea that is destined to fade . 全球主义者或许 认为民族主义 是一个古老的19世纪的 思想,注定会消失。
destined:adj.注定的;命定的;去往…的;v.注定;(destine的过去式和过去分词) fade:v.褪色; adj.平淡的; n.[电影][电视]淡出;
But I'm sorry to tell you that the facts are not on your side. 但我很不幸的告诉你们, 真相并不如你们所想。
When the World Values Survey asked more than 89,000 people across 60 countries how proud they felt about their country, 88.5 percent said "very proud" or "quite proud" -- 88.5 percent. 当世界价值观调查问了 超过89000人 来自60个国家, 他们对自己国家的自豪感如何? 88.5%的都表示“非常自豪”或 “比较自豪”, 88.5%。
Survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地;
Nationalism is not going away anytime soon. 民族主义不会很快消失的。
It's a powerful feeling that, according to another study, is a strong predictor of individual happiness. 另一项研究表明, 它是一种强大的感觉, 是个体幸福的有效的预测仪。
according to:根据,据说; predictor:n.[气象]预报器;预言者; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
It's crazy, but your happiness is more correlated with national satisfaction than with things you would expect, like household income or your job satisfaction or your health satisfaction. 听起来难以置信,但你们的快乐或许 真的与民族满足感有关, 胜过你们所认为的 其他事物,如家庭收入 工作成就感 健康满意度。
correlated:v.相互关联影响;相互依赖;(correlate的过去式和过去分词) satisfaction:n.满意,满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪; household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
So if nationalism makes people happy, why would anybody take it away from them? 所以,如果民族主义使人开心, 为什么一些人要消灭它呢?
Fellow globalists, if you are like me, you may be attached to globalization for humanistic reasons. 各位全球主义者们, 如果你们像我一样, 你们可能是因为全人类的 一些原因倾向于全球化。
attached:adj.依恋;v.重视;把…固定;(attach的过去分词和过去式) globalization:n.全球化; humanistic:adj.人文主义的;人道主义的;
And you may take great joy in some of its accomplishments since 1945. 与此同时,你们可能因从1945年以来的 一系列成就感受到喜悦。
accomplishments:n.成就;成绩;才艺;技艺;完成;(accomplishment的复数)
After all, major regions of the world have been exceptionally peaceful; extreme poverty rates around the globe are trending down; and more than two billion people, most notably in Asia, show spectacular improvements in their standards of living. 毕竟,世界上主要地区 都格外的和平; 全世界的极端贫困率正在下降; 超过20亿人口, 主要是在亚洲, 生活水平有了极大的提高。
regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) exceptionally:adv.异常地;特殊地;例外地; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; trending:n.[统计]趋势;v.伸向;趋向;(trend的现在分词) notably:adv.显著地;尤其; spectacular:adj.壮观的;壮丽的;令人惊叹的;n.壮观的场面;精彩的表演; improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数)
But studies also show that globalization has a dark side. 但一些研究也显示了 全球化不好的一面。
And left on the side of the road are hundreds of millions of people in Western middle classes with anemic income growth for more than two decades, possibly three decades, according to some studies. 在另一面的是 很多西方中产阶级人群 在过去的20年里收入增长缓慢, 甚至说是过去30年, 根据一些研究。
on the side of:拥护…;站在…一边;赞助; anemic:adj.患贫血症的,贫血的;
We cannot ignore this elephant in our room. 我们无法忽视 这个巨大的问题。
ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
If anything, our collective energy would be better used finding ways to fix this aspect of globalization, instead of fighting this polarizing battle against nationalism. 如果有可能,我们应该 更好地利用集体的力量 找到解决全球化中 这个问题的方法, 而不是用于这场对抗民族主义的 两极化斗争。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; polarizing:v.(使)两极化,截然对立; (polarize的现在分词)
So now, the nationalists in the audience, 所以,现在,观众里的 民族主义者们,
I have some crusty , nonbinary nuggets for you. 我有一些强硬的, 非二元的好点子给你们。
crusty:adj.易怒的;执拗的;有壳的;像外壳一样的; nonbinary:n.非二进制; nuggets:n.丹佛掘金(nugget的复数);金砖;
(Laughter) (笑声)
When I say the word "globalist," what comes to your mind? 当我说“全球主义”时, 你们脑子里首先浮现的是什么?
Out-of-touch, one-percent plutocrats ? 脱离现实的, 百分之一的富豪?
plutocrats:n.富豪;财阀政治(plutocrat的复数形式);
(Laughter) (笑声)
Or maybe the heartless , greedy Wall Street type, right? 又或者是无情的,贪婪的 华尔街之徒,对么?
heartless:adj.无情的;无勇气的; greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地);
Or maybe people like me, with multiple origins , living in a big, cosmopolitan metropolis . 又或者是一些像我这样的人, 有着多种根源 住在国际化大都市里。
origins:n.起源; (origin的复数) metropolis:n.大都市;首府;重要中心;
Well, you remember that World Values Survey that I mentioned earlier? 好吧,你们还记得先前我 提到的国际价值观调查么?
It showed another fascinating finding: 71 percent of the world population agreed with the statement , "I am a citizen of the world." 它还有另外一个有趣的发现: 世界上71%的人口同意 “我是这个世界的公民”这一观点。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
Do you know what it means? 你们知道这意味这什么吗?
Most of us are simultaneously proud of our country and citizens of the world. 我们中的大多数, 在为自己国家骄傲的同时 也为作为世界的公民而骄傲。
simultaneously:adv.同时地;
And it gets even better. 还有更好的一点。
The citizens of the world in the survey show a higher level of national pride than the ones that rejected that label . 在调查中,认为自己是世界公民的 人群中,有着更高的国家荣耀感, 相比与那些不认同的人们。
rejected:adj.被拒的;不合格的;v.拒绝,驳回;(reject的过去式和过去分词) label:n.标签;标记;谓;唱片公司;v.贴标签于;用标签标明;
So once and for all , being a globalist doesn't mean betraying your country. 所以,一旦成为一名全球主义者 并不等同于背叛你的国家。
once and for all:一劳永逸地;彻底地;最后一次; betraying:v.背叛:泄露(机密):辜负:(betray的现在分词)
It just means that you have enough social empathy , and you project some of it outside your national borders. 这只是表明,你有 足够的社会同情心, 你把其中的一部分 投射到了国家以外的地区。
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着;
Now, I know that when I dig into my own nationalist feelings, one of my anxieties versus the globalized world is national identity: 现如今,我知道,当我挖掘 我民族主义情绪的时候, 在面对全球化的世界时, 我对一点感到不安 就是民族身份。
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; globalized:vt.使全球化;
How are we going to preserve what makes us special, what makes us different, what brings us together? 我们应该如何去延续 那些让我们特别 那些让我们不同 那些让我们聚集在一起的东西呢?
preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品;
And as I started thinking about it, I realized something really strange, which is that a lot of the key ingredients of our national identities actually come from outside our national borders. 当我开始思考这个问题的时候, 我发现很奇怪的一点, 哪些才是关乎民族身份的关键地方呢? 相比于国家之外地方的。
ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数)
Like, think of the letters that we use every day. 比如说字母, 我们每天都在用
I don't know if you realize, but the Latin script , the Latin alphabet that we use has its origins thousands of years ago, near the Nile River. 我不知道你们是否意识到, 拉丁语,我们使用的拉丁语字母 起源于数千年之前, 在尼罗河附近。
Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语; script:n.剧本;电影剧本;笔迹;广播(或讲话等)稿;v.为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本;
It all started with a cow just like this, that was captured by a scribe into an elegant hieroglyph . 这一切的开始就像这头牛一样, 被一个文士用优雅的象形文字 记录下来。
captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) scribe:n.抄写员;作家;划线器;vt.写下,记下;用划线器划;vi.写下,记下;担任抄写员; elegant:adj.高雅的,优雅的;讲究的;简炼的;简洁的; hieroglyph:n.象形文字;图画文字;秘密符号;
That hieroglyph was transcribed by a Semite in the Sinai into the letter aleph . 这种象形文字被闪米特人 在西奈半岛抄写下来, 变成了aleph这个字母
transcribed:转录; aleph:n.希伯来语的第一个字母;
Aleph traveled with Phoenicians and reached the European shores in Greece, where it became alpha , the mother of our letter A. alephe被腓尼基人带着到了 希腊的欧洲海岸上, 在那里变成了alpha。 字母A的祖先。
alpha:n.希腊字母表的第1个字母;
So that's how an Egyptian cow became our letter A. 这就是一头埃及牛如何 变成字母A的。
(Laughter) (笑声)
And same thing with the Egyptian house that became bet, beta and B. 并且同样的事情也发生在埃及房子上, 它变成了bet,beta和B。
beta:n.贝它(希腊字母表的第二个字母);
And the Egyptian fish that became daleth , delta and D. 与此同时埃及的鱼, 它变成了daleth,delta和D。
daleth:n.希伯来字母表中的第四个字母; delta:n.(河流的)三角洲;德耳塔(希腊字母的第四个字);
Our most fundamental texts are full of Egyptian cows, houses and fish. 我们最基本的文字中 充满了埃及的牛, 房子和鱼。
(Laughter) (笑声)
And there are so many other examples. 这样的例子还有很多。
Take the United Kingdom and its monarchy . 以英国和他们的君主为例。
United Kingdom:n.英国; monarchy:n.君主政体;君主国;君主政治;
Queen Elizabeth II? 伊丽莎白女王二世?
German ancestry . 她有着德国血统。
ancestry:n.祖先;血统;
The mottos on the royal coat of arms ? 皇室纹章上的座右铭?
mottos:n.座右铭;警句(motto的复数); royal:adj.国王的;女王的;皇家的;n.王室成员; coat of arms:n.盾形纹章;盾徽;
All written in French, not a single word of English. 全是用法语写的, 没有一个是英语。
Take France and it's iconic Eiffel Tower. 以法国和它的地标性建筑 埃菲尔铁塔为例。
iconic:adj.图标的,形象的;
The inspiration? 灵感来源?
The United States of America -- and I don't mean Las Vegas, 美利坚。 我并不是指拉斯维加斯赌城,
United States of America:un.美利坚合众国;
I mean 19th-century New York. 我说的是19世纪的纽约。
(Laughter) (笑声)
This was the tallest building in New York in the mid-19th century. 这是19世纪中期, 纽约最高的建筑物。
Does it remind you of something ? 这有没有让你想起点什么?
remind you of something:提醒你想起某事;
And you may think of China as a self-contained civilization , protected behind its Great Wall. 你们可能会想到中国, 一个自给自足的文明, 被长城守护着。
self-contained:adj.独立的;设备齐全的;沉默寡言的; civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明;
But think twice . 但再仔细想想。
think twice:再三考虑;重新考虑;
The Chinese official ideology ? 中国的官方意识形态?
official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员; ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学;
Marxism , made in Germany. 马克思主义,起源于德国。
Marxism:n.马克思主义;adj.马克思的;马克思主义的;
One of China's biggest religions? 中国最大的宗教?
Buddhism , imported from India. 佛教,从印度传入。
Buddhism:n.佛教;
India's favorite pastime ? 印度最流行的娱乐项目?
pastime:n.娱乐,消遣;
Cricket . 板球。
Cricket:n.蟋蟀;板球;
I really love this quote from Ashis Nandy, who said, "Cricket is an Indian game accidentally discovered by the British." 我真的很喜欢阿希斯·南迪这句话, “板球是个印度的游戏, 只是碰巧被英国人发明了。”
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用;
(Laughter) (笑声)
So these are good reminders that a lot of what we love in our national traditions actually come from previous waves of globalization. 所以这些都是很好的提醒, 告诉我们,大家所热爱的民族传统 实际上来源于早些年的 全球化风潮。
reminders:n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物;通知单,提示信;(reminder的复数) previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
And beyond individual symbols , there are whole national traditions that could not have existed without globalization. 除了个体的特征以外, 许多民族传统都是 若无全球化,是不可能存在的。
symbols:n.符号;象征;标志;符号表(symbol的复数);
And the example that comes to my mind is a world-beloved national tradition: 我脑海里出现的一个例子, 就是全世界热爱的民族传统:
Italian cuisine . 意大利菜。
cuisine:n.烹饪,烹调法;
My friends, if you ever have a chance to go to a superauthentic Italian restaurant that only serves ancient Roman recipes , my advice for you is: don't go. 我的朋友们啊, 你们若有机会 去一个非常地道的意大利饭店, 里面只提供古罗马的菜品, 我给你们的建议是:别去。
Roman:n.罗马人;古罗马语;adj.罗马的;罗马人的; recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数)
(Laughter) (笑声)
You'd get very, very disappointed. 你会非常,非常失望的。
No spaghetti , no pasta -- that really started in Sicily in the eighth century, when it was under Arabian rule. 没有意大利面,没有通心粉, 他们都起源于第八世纪的西西里岛, 当时还处于阿拉伯人的统治下。
spaghetti:n.意大利式细面条; pasta:n.意大利面食;面团;
No perfect espresso , no creamy cappuccino -- that came from Abyssinia via Yemen in the 17th century. 没有好喝的意式浓缩咖啡, 没有奶油卡布奇诺, 这些来源于阿比希尼亚, 在17世纪从也门传入。
espresso:n.(用汽加压煮出的)浓咖啡; creamy:adj.奶油色的;乳脂状的;含乳脂的; cappuccino:n.热牛奶咖啡;(意)卡普齐诺咖啡; via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道;
And of course, no perfect pizza Napoletana -- how would you make it without the tomatoes of the New World? 当然了,也没有那不勒斯披萨—— 若没来自新大陆的番茄 又怎么做呢?
No, instead, you would be served probably a lot of porridge , some vegetable -- mostly cabbage -- some cheese, and maybe if you're lucky, the absolute delicacy of that time -- mmm, perfectly cooked fattened dormice . 然而,能给你提供的 可能是许多麦片粥 一些蔬菜,主要是卷心菜, 还有一些芝士, 如果你够幸运的话, 当时绝对佳肴, 嗯,精心烹饪的肥睡鼠。
porridge:n.麦片粥;面糊 delicacy:n.美味;佳肴;微妙;精密;精美;敏锐,敏感;世故,圆滑; fattened:vt.养肥;使肥沃;使充实;vi.养肥;(靠…)发财; dormice:n.[脊椎]睡鼠(dormouse的复数);
(Laughter) (笑声)
Thankfully , it was not a close tradition preserved by fanatic watchdogs . 值得庆幸的是,它并非一个封闭的传统 并没有被狂热监督者保留下来。
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; preserved:v.保护;维护;保留;保存;保养;(preserve的过去式和过去分词) fanatic:n.狂热入迷者;盲信者;盲信;adj.狂热的;盲信的; watchdogs:n.看门狗;监察人;忠实的看守人;
No, it was an open process , nourished by explorers , traders , street sellers and innovative home cooks. 事实上,它是开放的过程, 探险家,商人,小贩和创新的家厨 不断为其添砖加瓦。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; nourished:v.抚养;养育;培养,助长(情绪、观点等);(nourish的过去分词和过去式) explorers:n.探险者;勘探者;考察者;(explorer的复数) traders:n.交易员;贸易商(trader的复数形式); innovative:adj.革新的,创新的;
And in many ways, globalization is a chance for our national traditions to be questioned, regenerated , reinterpreted , to attract new converts to stay vibrant and relevant over time. 从多个角度来说, 全球化是一个机遇 能让我们民族的传统可以去 被质疑,再生,并且重新定义, 能够吸引新的皈依者, 随时间推移保持活力和意义。
regenerated:adj.再生的;v.再生;革新(regenerate的过去式和过去分词); reinterpreted:v.重新解释(reinterpret的过去分词); converts:vt.使转变; vi.转变,变换; n.皈依者; vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
So just remember this: most of us nationalists in the world are globalists, and most of us globalists in the world are nationalists. 所以,记住, 世界上大多数的 民族主义者,是全球主义者的, 世界上大多数全球主义者 同时也是民族主义者。
A lot of what we like in our national traditions come from outside our national borders. 许多我们喜欢的民族传统 来源于我们国度之外。
And the reason we venture outside our national borders is to discover these other national traditions. 我们之所以向国度之外探险, 是为了发现其他的民族传统。
venture:v.敢于;冒险;投机;n.企业;风险;冒险;
So the real question should not be to choose between nationalism and globalism. 所以,真正的问题不应该是 在民族主义和全球主义中二选一。
The real questions is: How can we do both better? 真正的问题是,如何让两者更好?
It's a complex question for a complex world that calls for creative , nonbinary solutions. 这是一个复杂世界的复杂问题 它需要有创意的,非二元的 解决策略。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; creative:adj.创造性的;
What are you waiting for? 你们还在等什么呢?
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) (掌声)