返回首页

VictoriaPratt_2017S-_法官如何表达尊重_
'"Judge, I want to tell you something. I want to tell you something. “法官,我想对你说, 我想让你知道,
I been watching you and you're not two-faced . 我一直在观察你。 你不是那种两面派,
two-faced:adj.[纺]双面的;虚伪的;
You treat everybody the same." 你平等地对待每一个人。”
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
That was said to me by a transgender prostitute who before I had gotten on the bench had fired her public defender , insulted the court officer and yelled at the person sitting next to her, "I don't know what you're looking at. I look better than the girl you're with." 这是一位变性的性工作者对我说的话。 这位女性在我出任她的法官前 已经解雇了她的公设辩护人, 侮辱了法庭工作人员, 并且对她邻座的人大吼: “我不知道你在看什么, 我比你的女朋友要好看得多。”
transgender:n.跨性别;跨性别者; prostitute:v.使沦为妓女;adj.卖淫的;堕落的;n.妓女; on the bench:坐板凳;当法官; public defender:n.(美国)公设辩护人; insulted:v.辱骂;侮辱;冒犯;(insult的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
She said this to me after I said her male name low enough so that it could be picked up by the record, but I said her female name loud enough so that she could walk down the aisle towards counselor's table with dignity . 她之所以对我说上面的话, 是因为我在念她的 男性名字时尽量小声, 保证能被录音设备记录下来, 但是我在念她的女性名字时足够响亮, 让她能够有尊严地 从走廊走到她的辩护席。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; aisle:n.通道,走道;侧廊; dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
This is procedural justice , also known as procedural fairness, at its best. 这就是程序正义,也叫做程序公平, 在最理想的情况下。
procedural:adj.程序上的; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
You see, I am the daughter of an African-American garbageman who was born in Harlem and spent his summers in the segregated South. 我是一个非裔美国清洁工的女儿, 我的父亲出生在哈勒姆区, 他的大部分时光都在 种族观念严重的南方度过。
African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); garbageman:n.清洁工; Harlem:n.黑人住宅区(纽约的); segregated:adj.被隔离的;v.隔离(segregate的过去式);分离;
Soy la hija de una peluquera dominicana .
dominicana:多米尼加国家航空;多米尼亚;
I do that to make sure you're still paying attention. 这么说是让大家保持注意力。
(Laughter) （笑声）
I'm the daughter of a Dominican beautician who came to this country for a better life for her unborn children. 我是一个来自 多美尼加的美容师的女儿。 我的母亲为了给她未出生的孩子 一个更好的生活,来到这个国家。
beautician:n.美容师; unborn:adj.未来的;未诞生的;
My parents taught me, you treat everyone you meet with dignity and respect, no matter how they look, no matter how they dress, no matter how they spoke. 我的父母教育我要尊重 每一个我遇到的人。 不管他们的外貌怎样, 他们的穿着怎样, 也不管他们说着什么样的语言。
You see, the principles of fairness were taught to me at an early age, and unbeknownst to me, it would be the most important lesson that I carried with me to the Newark Municipal Court bench. 很明显,他们将公平的原则, 在我很小的时候就灌输给了我。 当时的我没有意识到, 这会是我人生中最重要的一课, 并且伴随着我,来到纽瓦克市法院。
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) unbeknownst:adv.不知地;adj.不知的; Newark:n.纽瓦克市(美国新泽西州港市); Municipal:adj.市政的,市的;地方自治的;
And because I was dragged off the playground at the early age of 10 to translate for family members as they began to migrate to the United States, 在十岁的时候, 我就经常牺牲玩耍的时间 帮我那些即将移民到美国 的亲戚们做翻译。
translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; migrate:vi.移动;随季节而移居;移往;vt.使移居;使移植; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
I understand how daunting it can be for a person, a novice , to navigate any government system. 我深刻地体会到: 对于一个初来乍到的移民, 要和政府系统打交道 是多么的恐怖。
daunting:adj.令人生畏的:令人胆怯的:v.使胆怯:使失去信心;(daunt的现在分词) novice:n.初学者,新手; navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空;
Every day across America and around the globe, people encounter our courts, and it is a place that is foreign, intimidating and often hostile towards them. 每天,在整个美国,甚至整个世界, 都有很多人要与法院打交道。 这是一个让人感到陌生和恐惧的地方, 并且经常让人们感受到敌视。
encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见; intimidating:adj.吓人的;令人胆怯的;v.恐吓;威胁;(intimidate的现在分词) hostile:adj.敌意的; n.敌对分子;
They are confused about the nature of their charges, annoyed about their encounters with the police and facing consequences that might impact their relationships, their finances and even their liberty . 他们对诉讼的程序感到费解, 对与警察打交道感到愤怒, 并且面对着足以影响 他们的关系,经济状况, 甚至自由的判决。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) annoyed:adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;v.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰(annoy的过去分词和过去式) encounters:v.遭遇(encounter的第三人称单数);邂逅;n.遭遇战(encounter的复数);相见; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; liberty:n.自由;许可;冒失;
Let me paint a picture for you of what it's like for the average person who encounters our courts. 让我给你描绘一个 普通人来到法庭的场景。
First, they're annoyed as they're probed going through court security. 首先,他们需要通过法院的安检, 这让他们感到心烦。
probed:探测;探索(probe的过去式和过去分词);
They finally get through court security, they walk around the building, they ask different people the same question and get different answers. 过了安检他们会走进 这个陌生的地方, 他们问不同的人同样的问题 却得到了不同的答案。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
When they finally get to where they're supposed to be, it gets really bad when they encounter the courts. 当他们最终找到自己要去的地方, 当他们走进法庭, 更糟的地方才刚刚开始。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
What would you think if I told you that you could improve people's court experience, increase their compliance with the law and court orders, all the while increasing the public's trust in the justice system with a simple idea? 如果我告诉你们 我们可以改善人们在法院的体验, 敦促人们遵守法律 和法庭秩序, 以及提高民众对于 司法系统的信任可以通过 可以通过一个简单的想法来实现, 你们会作何感想？
improve:v.改进;改善; compliance:n.顺从,服从;承诺;
Well, that simple idea is procedural justice and it's a concept that says that if people perceive they are treated fairly and with dignity and respect, they'll obey the law. 这个理念就是程序正义。 这个概念是指: 让人们感到接受到公平的对待, 享受到了尊重与尊严, 人们自然就会去遵守法律。
perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为; treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; obey:v.遵守;服从;顺从;
Well, that's what Yale professor Tom Tyler found when he began to study as far back in the '70s why people obey the law. 这是耶鲁大学教授Tom Tyler发现的, 他从上世纪70年代 就开始了这方面的研究, 为什么人们遵守法律。
He found that if people see the justice system as a legitimate authority to impose rules and regulations , they would follow them. 他发现:如果人们认可司法系统 作为一个执行规则 和管理的法定权威, 人们就会遵从它。
legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize); authority:n.权威;权力;当局; impose:v.推行;迫使;强制实行;把…强加于; regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数)
His research concluded that people would be satisfied with the judge's rulings , even when the judge ruled against them, if they perceived that they were treated fairly and with dignity and respect. Tom Tyler的研究结论是: 如果人们感受到自己 受到了公平的对待, 受到了尊重, 就会对法官的判决感到满意, 即使法官做出对他们不利的判决,
concluded:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定)(conclude的过去分词和过去式) satisfied with:满意;对…感到满意; rulings:adj.统治的;主要的;支配的;流行的,普遍的;n.统治,支配;裁定; perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词)
And that perception of fairness begins with what? 那么这种对于公平的感觉 是从什么时候开始的呢？
perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力;
Begins with how judges speak to court participants . 这种感觉从法官对 在场人员说出第一句话就开始了。
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式);
Now, being a judge is sometimes like having a reserve seat to a tragic reality show that has no commercial interruptions and no season finale . 作为一名法官, 你就像一个悲剧真人秀的观众一样, 这个真人秀不会出现商业广告, 也不会出现一季完结的情况。
reserve:n.储备,储存; vt.储备; vi.预订; tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; interruptions:n.阻断物;中断时间;打扰;插嘴;(interruption的复数) finale:n.结局;终曲;最后一场;最后乐章;尾声;
It's true. 这是真的。
People come before me handcuffed , drug-sick, depressed , hungry and mentally ill. 每天有不同的人走到 我的面前:戴着手铐的, 生病的,抑郁的,饥饿的, 以及患有精神疾病的。
handcuffed:v.给…戴上手铐(handcuff的过去式和过去分词); depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词) mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上;
When I saw that their need for help was greater than my fear of appearing vulnerable on the bench, 每当我看到这种场景, 那种想要帮助他们的冲动 就已经超过了我对于他们恐惧。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
I realized that not only did I need to do something, but that in fact I could do something. 我意识到:我并不只是必须去做什么, 我还应该带来一些改变。
The good news is is that the principles of procedural justice are easy and can be implemented as quickly as tomorrow. 好消息是:程序正义 的原则很好实践, 你明天就将它可以 运用到自己的工作中。
implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
The even better news, that it can be done for free. 更好的消息是:这是完全免费的。
(Laughter) （笑声）
The first principle is voice. 第一条原则是声音:
Give people an opportunity to speak, even when you're not going to let them speak. 给每个人发声的机会, 即使当你不允许他发言的时候,
Explain it. 也要解释原因:
'"Sir, I'm not letting you speak right now. “先生,我现在不能让您发言。
You don't have an attorney . 您的律师还没有到场。
attorney:n.律师(尤指代表当事人出庭者);(业务或法律事务上的)代理人;
I don't want you to say anything that's going to hurt your case." 我不希望您的发言 会损害到您的利益。”
For me, assigning essays to defendants has been a tremendous way of giving them voice. 至于我,我通常会 让被告准备一篇陈述, 这是一个让他们发声 非常有效的方式。
assigning:v.分派;设定(assign的ing形式); defendants:n.[法]被告(defendant的复数); tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的;
I recently gave an 18-year-old college student an essay. 最近,我让一个18岁 的大学生念了他的陈述。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
He lamented his underage drinking charge. 对于青少年酗酒的指控, 他感到非常悔恨。
lamented:adj.令人遗憾的;被哀悼的;v.哀悼(lament的过去式和过去分词形式); underage:adj.未成年的;n.缺乏;
As he stood before me reading his essay, his voice cracking and his hands trembling , he said that he worried that he had become an alcoholic like his mom, who had died a couple of months prior due to alcohol-related liver disease . 当时他站在我的面前 朗读着他的陈述, 他的嗓音沙哑,双手在颤抖。 他说他担心将来会变成 一个酗酒者,就像他妈妈一样。 他的妈妈在几个月前因为 酒精相关的肝病去世了。
cracking:n.破裂;开裂;adj.裂解的;分裂的; trembling:v.颤抖;极担心;焦虑;恐惧;(tremble的现在分词) alcoholic:adj.酒精的,含酒精的;n.酒鬼,酗酒者; prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先; liver:n.肝;(动物供食用的)肝; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
You see, assigning a letter to my father, a letter to my son, "If I knew then what I know now ..." 我们让他们给自己的亲人写信。 “如果我当时就懂得这些的话······”
'"If I believed one positive thing about myself, how would my life be different?" “如果我相信自己还有一点希望的话, 我的生活也许会大有不同。”
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
gives the person an opportunity to be introspective , go on the inside, which is where all the answers are anyway. 给人们机会去反思自己, 正视自己的内心, 这就是正确答案所在。
introspective:adj.内省的;反省的;
But it also gives them an opportunity to share something with the court that goes beyond their criminal record and their charges. 同时,这也让他们 能够在法庭上,与大家分享 犯罪和指控之外的种种。
The next principle is neutrality . 下一条原则是保持中立。
neutrality:n.中立;中性;中立立场;
When increasing public trust in the justice system, neutrality is paramount . 当你希望增加人们 对于司法系统的信任时, 中立是至关重要的。
paramount:adj.最重要的,主要的;至高无上的;n.最高统治者;
The judge cannot be perceived to be favoring one side over the other. 法官不能被人们感觉偏向于某一方。
The judge has to make a conscious decision not to say things like, "my officer," "my prosecutor ," "my defense attorney." 法官需要三思,不要说出这样的话: “我的官员”,“我的原告” 以及“我的辩方律师”。
conscious:adj.意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的; prosecutor:n.检察官;公诉人;[法]起诉人;实行者;
And this is challenging when we work in environments where you have people assigned to your courts, the same people coming in and out of your courts as well. 当我们在这个环境下工作时, 要注意这些是很困难的。 每天都有人来到你的法庭, 并且相同的人还会不断出现。
assigned:v.分配(某物);分派;指定;委派;(assign的过去分词和过去式)
When I think of neutrality, 当我想到中立,
I'm reminded of when I was a new Rutgers Law grad and freshly minted attorney, and I entered an arbitration and I was greeted by two grey-haired men who were joking about the last game of golf they played together and planning future social outings. 我会想到自己刚从 罗格斯大学法学院毕业, 第一次成为律师的时候。 那时,当我们进入仲裁环节, 两个灰头发的男人一起迎接我, 他们还在一起聊着上一场 他们一起参加的高尔夫球比赛, 并且计划着未来的社交活动。
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) Rutgers:n.罗格斯大学; grad:n.毕业生;校友; freshly:adv.新近;精神饱满地; minted:adj.铸造的;新生产的;薄荷味的;富有的;v.铸币;(mint的过去分词和过去式) arbitration:n.公断,仲裁; grey-haired:adj.头发灰白的;年老的;
I knew my client couldn't get a fair shot in that forum . 我当时就知道,我的客户 不可能得到公平的裁决。
client:n.[经]客户;顾客;委托人; forum:n.论坛,讨论会;法庭;公开讨论的广场;
The next principle is understand. 下一条原则是理解。
It is critical that court participants understand the process , the consequences of the process and what's expected of them. 让法庭的每个参与者都理解整个流程, 理解这些流程带来的结果, 以及它们能从这里获得些什么。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
I like to say that legalese is the language we use to confuse. 我倾向于认为法律术语 就是一套让人费解的语言。
legalese:n.法律术语,法律措辞;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I am keenly aware that the people who appear before me, many of them have very little education and English is often their second language . 我真切的意识到那些站在我面前的人, 大多数教育程度比较低, 英语通常也只是他们的第二语言。
keenly:adv.敏锐地;强烈地;锐利地; second language:n.第二语言;
So I speak plain English in court. 所以,我在法庭上只讲通俗的英语。
A great example of this was when I was a young judge -- oh no, I mean younger judge. 一个很好的例子是, 当我还是个年轻法官的时候—— 哦,不,当我还是一个 比较年轻的法官的时候——
(Laughter) （笑声）
When I was a younger judge, a senior judge comes to me, gives me a script and says, "If you think somebody has mental health issues , ask them these questions and you can get your evaluation ." 一个资历较高的法官来到我身边, 给了我一份发言稿,说: “如果你遇到一个有精神疾患的人, 问他这上面的问题, 你就可以得到评估结果。
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; script:n.剧本;电影剧本;笔迹;广播(或讲话等)稿;v.为电影(或戏剧等)写剧本; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) evaluation:n.评价;[审计]评估;估价;求值;
So the first time I saw someone who had what I thought was a mental health issue, 因此,当我第一次看见一个 我认为存在精神疾患的人,
I went for my script and I started to ask questions. 我拿出那份发言稿,开始提问:
'"Um, sir, do you take psycho -- um, psychotrop -- psychotropic medication ?" “嗯,先生,你在服用精—— 嗯,精神—— 精神药物吗？”
psychotropic:adj.治疗精神病的; medication:n.药;药物;
'"Nope." “没有。”
'"Uh, sir, have you treated with a psychiatrist before?" “啊,那先生之前有看过精神科医生吗？”
psychiatrist:n.精神病学家,精神病医生;
'"Nope." “没有。”
But it was obvious that the person was suffering from mental illness. 但是很显然能看出那个人 正在受到精神问题的困扰。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
One day, in my frustration , I decided to scrap the script and ask one question. 有一天,我彻底无奈了, 我决定放弃那份发言稿,只问一个问题:
frustration:n.挫折; scrap:n.碎片;残余物;打架;少量;v.废弃;使解体;拆毁;adj.废弃的;零碎的;
'"Ma'am, do you take medication to clear your mind?" “夫人,你有通过吃药来 保持头脑清醒吗？”
'"Yeah, judge, I take Haldol for my schizophrenia , “是的,法官,我服用氟哌啶醇 治疗我的精神分裂症,
schizophrenia:n.[内科]精神分裂症;
Xanax for my anxiety ." 阿普唑仑治疗我的焦虑。”
Xanax:n.阿普唑仑(药名);赞安诺;相呐斯(镇静剂);性药名; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事;
The question works even when it doesn't. 即使当事人给出了错误的回答, 这个问题也依然有效。
'"Mr. L, do you take medication to clear your mind?" “L先生,你有服用药物 保持头脑清醒吗？”
'"No, judge, I don't take no medication to clear my mind. “没有,法官,我没有吃治疗脑子的药物,
I take medication to stop the voices in my head, but my mind is fine." 我只是吃药停止我脑袋中的声音, 但是我的脑袋是正常的。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
You see, once people understand the question, they can give you valuable information that allows the court to make meaningful decisions about the cases that are before them. 你看,一旦人们理解了你的问题, 他们就会给出有用的信息, 这就能让法庭对于面前的案子 做出关键的决定。
valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
The last principle is respect, that without it none of the other principles can work. 最后的一个原则是尊重。 没有这一条,其他的原则都不会有效。
Now, respect can be as simple as, "Good afternoon, sir." "Good morning, ma'am." 表示尊重可以非常简单: “下午好,先生。” “早上好,女士。”
It's looking the person in the eye who is standing before you, especially when you're sentencing them. 尊重是,当别人站在你面前时, 要正视对方的眼镜, 尤其是当你在向对方宣判的时候。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
It's when I say, "Um, how are you doing today? 尊重是当你说出: “您感觉今天怎样？
And what's going on with you?" 您出了什么问题？”
And not as a greeting, but as someone who is actually interested in the response . 并不是简简单单的打招呼, 而是让人们感到 你真正关心他们的回答。
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
Respect is the difference between saying, "Ma'am, are you having difficulty understanding the information in the paperwork ?" 尊重就体现在你的话语中的差别: “女士,在理解 这些文件上的信息有困难吗？”
paperwork:n.文书工作;
versus , "You can read and write, can't you?" 而不是,“你能读能写吧？”
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
when you've realized there's a literacy issue. 你需要认识到这些字里行间的差别。
literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学;
And the good thing about respect is that it's contagious . 好消息是,尊重是可以互相传播的。
contagious:adj.感染性的;会蔓延的;
People see you being respectful to other folks and they impute that respect to themselves. 人们看见你尊重他人, 他们也会对自己表现出尊重。
respectful:adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的; impute:vt.归罪于,归咎于;嫁祸于;
You see, that's what the transgender prostitute was telling me. 这就是那个变性的性工作者对我讲的。
I'm judging you just as much as you think you may be judging me. 当你在对我做出审判的时候, 我同时也在对你进行审判。
Now, I am not telling you what I think, 我并不是在告诉大家我在想什么,
I am telling you what I have lived, using procedural justice to change the culture at my courthouse and in the courtroom . 我希望向大家传达我的亲身经历: 用程序正义来改变我们法院的环境, 来改变法庭里的事情。
courthouse:n.法院;(美)县政府所在地; courtroom:n.法庭;审判室;
After sitting comfortably for seven months as a traffic court judge, 当我作为一名交通法官 平平稳稳地度过了7个月,
I was advised that I was being moved to the criminal court, 我被建议转去刑事法庭:
advised:adj.考虑过的; v.劝告; (advise的过去分词和过去式)
Part Two, criminal courtroom. 第二巡回刑事法庭。
Now, I need you to understand, this was not good news. 我需要让你们知道, 这并不是一个好消息。
(Laughter) （笑声）
It was not. 绝对不是。
Part Two was known as the worst courtroom in the city, some folks would even say in the state. 第二法庭是公认的 整个城市最糟的法庭, 甚至有人说是全州最糟的法庭。
It was your typical urban courtroom with revolving door justice, you know, your regular lineup of low-level offenders -- you know, the low-hanging fruit, the drug-addicted prostitute, 这是一个典型的城市法庭, 用来解决邻里的问题, 你所面对的都是 一些低级别的罪犯—— 都是容易误入歧途的人, 像吸毒成瘾的妓女,
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; revolving door:n.旋转门;中转站(指人们进入后很快又离开的地方或机构); lineup:n.阵容;一组人;电视节目时间表; low-level:adj.低水平的;低级别的; offenders:n.罪犯(offender的复数);冒犯者; drug-addicted:吸毒上瘾的;吸毒成瘾的;
the mentally ill homeless person with quality-of-life tickets, the high school dropout petty drug dealer and the misguided young people -- you know, those folks doing a life sentence 30 days at a time. 患有精神疾患的无家可归者 拿着违反社会秩序的传票, 从高中辍学的毒贩,以及其他一些 被误导走上歧途的年轻人。 这些人就这样一次 监禁30天,一次监禁30天, 就像无期徒刑一样。
dropout:n.退学学生;脱落;信号失落; petty:adj.琐碎的;小气的;小规模的; drug dealer:n.毒品贩子; misguided:adj.搞错的;v.误入歧途;指导错误;(misguide的过去式和过去分词) life sentence:n.无期徒刑;终身监禁;
Fortunately , the City of Newark decided that Newarkers deserved better, and they partnered with the Center for Court Innovation and the New Jersey Judiciary to create Newark Community Solutions, a community court program that provided alt ernative sanctions . 幸运的是,纽瓦克市认为纽瓦克市民 应该得到更好的对待, 同时他们与法庭改革中心 以及新泽西司法系统合作, 致力于创造一个纽瓦克社区解决方案: 社区法庭项目, 项目中法官可以采取可变通的裁决。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地; deserved:adj.值得的;该奖[罚]的;v.值得;应得;应受;(deserve的过去分词和过去式) Innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; Judiciary:n.司法部;法官;司法制度;adj.司法的;法官的;法院的; Community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; sanctions:n.制裁; v.许可; (sanction的第三人称单数和复数)
This means now a judge can sentence a defendant to punishment with assistance. 这意味着一个法官的判决 既要做到惩罚被告, 同时也要帮助被告人。
punishment:n.惩罚;严厉对待,虐待;
So a defendant who would otherwise get a jail sentence would now be able to get individual counseling sessions , group counseling sessions as well as community giveback, which is what we call community service . 因此这些被告人在被判入狱之外, 现在他们也同时可以参加个人咨询, 小组咨询会,以及回报社区, 也就是我们所说的提供社区服务。
jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; counseling:n.咨询服务;v.建议;劝告;商讨;(counsel的现在分词形式) sessions:n.会议;会期(session的复数); as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; community service:n.社区服务(自愿或因受法庭惩罚的无偿劳动);
The only problem is that this wonderful program was now coming to Newark and was going to be housed where? 唯一的问题是,这么好的项目 来到纽瓦克市,他们首先 要在哪个法庭开展呢？
Part Two criminal courtroom. 第二刑事法庭。
And the attitudes there were terrible. 然而法庭人员对此 的态度都非常消极。
attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数);
And the reason that the attitudes were terrible there was because everyone who was sent there understood they were being sent there as punishment. 为什么他们态度如此消极呢？ 因为被派到第二法庭的人 都认为这是一种惩罚。
The officers who were facing disciplinary actions at times, the public defender and prosecutor felt like they were doing a 30-day jail sentence on their rotation , the judges understood they were being hazed just like a college sorority or fraternity . 官员们觉得自己在面临纪律处分, 公诉人则觉得他们 在轮流接受30天监禁, 而法官们觉得他们就像 在大学女生联谊会 或兄弟会一样受到了欺侮。
disciplinary:adj.规律的;训练的;训诫的; rotation:n.旋转;循环,轮流; hazed:v.(使)笼罩在薄雾中;戏弄,欺凌;(haze的过去分词和过去式) sorority:n.妇女联谊会;女学生联谊会; fraternity:n.友爱;兄弟会;互助会;大学生联谊会;
I was once told that an attorney who worked there referred to the defendants as "the scum of the earth" 一个在那里工作的律师曾对我说, 那些被告就像地球上败类的集合一样,
referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词) scum:n.浮渣;泡沫;糟粕;v.产生泡沫;被浮渣覆盖;将浮渣去除掉;
and then had to represent them. 而他还要为他们辩护。
represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送;
I would hear things from folks like, "Oh, how could you work with those people? They're so nasty . 我经常从工作人员 那里听到这样的话: “怎么能和那帮人一起工作, 他们那么讨厌。
nasty:adj.极差的:令人厌恶的:不友好的:n.令人不愉快的事物:
You're a judge, not a social worker ." 你是一个法官,又不是一个社工。”
social worker:n.社会工作者;
But the reality is that as a society, we criminalize social ills, then sent people to a judge and say, "Do something." 但是事实就是,作为一个社会, 我们认定那些人犯罪了, 就把他们扔给法官 并说:“做点什么吧。”
criminalize:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件;
I decided that I was going to lead by example. 我决定要改变这个现状, 成为一个好的榜样。
So my first foray into the approach came when a 60-something-year-old man appeared before me handcuffed. 我第一次决定采取行动的对象是 一个大约60岁的老人, 他带着手铐走到我的面前。
foray:n.突袭;侵略;攻击;vi.袭击;vt.劫掠; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
His head was lowered and his body was showing the signs of drug withdrawal . 他低着头,他的体征表明 他正处在毒品戒断反应中。
withdrawal:n.撤退,收回;提款;取消;退股;
I asked him how long he had been addicted, and he said, "30 years." 我问他吸毒成瘾多长时间了, 他回到:“30年。”
And I asked him, "Do you have any kids?" 然后我又问他:“你有孩子吗？”
And he said, "Yeah, I have a 32-year-old son." 他说:“是的,我有一个32岁的儿子。”
And I said, "Oh, so you've never had the opportunity to be a father to your son because of your addiction ." 我说:“哦,你一定没有机会 做一个合格的父亲, 因为你的毒瘾。
addiction:n.瘾;嗜好;入迷;
He began to cry. 他开始哭了起来。
I said, "You know what, I'm going to let you go home, and you'll come back in two weeks, and when you come back, we'll give you some assistance for your addiction." 我说:“你知道吗,我会让你回家, 两周后你要再回到这里, 当你再回到这里的时候, 我们会为你的戒毒提供一些帮助。
Surprisingly , two weeks passed and he was sitting the courtroom. 令人惊奇的是, 两周后他回到了法庭上。
Surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地
When he came up, he said, "Judge, I came back to court because you showed me more love than I had for myself." 但他发言时,他说:“法官, 我回到这个法庭, 是因为你对我表现出了更多的爱, 甚至超过了我曾经对自己的爱。”
And I thought, my God, he heard love from the bench? 当时我想,我的天哪, 他在法庭感受到了关心。
I could do this all day. 我可以一整天都这样做。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Because the reality is that when the court behaves differently, then naturally people respond differently. 事实上,当我的法庭 采取了新的方式后, 人们的反应也会自然的发生变化。
behaves:v.表现;表现得体;有礼貌;(behave的第三人称单数) naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
The court becomes a place you can go to for assistance, like the 60-something-year-old schizophrenic homeless woman who was in distress and fighting with the voices in her head, and barges into court, and screams, "Judge! 法庭变成了一个人们寻求帮助的地方。 例如有一个大约60岁,患有 精神分裂症的无家可归的女性, 她处在抑郁之中, 一直与自己头脑中的声音做着斗争, 她突然走入法庭对我喊:“法官！
schizophrenic:adj.精神分裂症的;n.精神分裂症的患者; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困; barges:n.[船]驳船(barge的复数);v.猛撞;用驳船运载(barge的第三人称单数);
I just came by to see how you were doing." 我想来看看你近来怎样。”
I had been monitoring her case for a couple of months, her compliance with her medication, and had just closed out her case a couple of weeks ago. 我曾经有好几个月负责她的案子, 敦促她按时服药, 在几周前刚刚结束他的案子。
On this day she needed help, and she came to court. 那天她刚好需要帮助, 所以来到了法庭。
And after four hours of coaxing by the judge, the police officers and the staff, she is convinced to get into the ambulance that will take her to crisis unit so that she can get her medication. 法官,警察,以及工作人员 哄了她4个小时, 终于让她同意坐上急救车, 去危机应对室, 保证她能够得到应有的治疗。
coaxing:v.哄骗(coax的现在分词); convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) ambulance:n.救护车; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
People become connected to their community when the court changes, like the 50-something-year-old man who told me, "Community service was terrible, Judge. 当法庭做出这样的改变的时候, 人们开始和自己的社区建立联系。 又比如一个大约50岁的男性, 对我说:“我们的社区服务 真的太糟了,法官。
I had to clean the park, and it was full of empty heroin envelopes , and the kids had to play there." 我需要去清扫公园,然而公园里 满是空的海洛因包装, 而同时那里还有孩子们在玩耍。”
heroin:n.[药][毒物]海洛因,吗啡; envelopes:n.信封(envelope的复数);
As he wrung his hands, he confessed , "Judge, I realized that it was my fault, because I used that same park to get high, and before you sent me there to do community service, 他攥紧自己的手,对我倾诉: “法官,我意识到这是我的错误, 因为我曾经在那个相同的公园里吸毒, 在你没派我去公园进行社区服务前,
wrung:adj.心中有烦恼的;v.拧(wring过去式); confessed:adj.公开认错的;v.供认,坦白,承认;悔过;(confess的过去分词和过去式)
I had never gone to the park when I wasn't high, so I never noticed the children playing there." 我从来没有神志清醒的 来到过那个公园。 我也从来没有意识到那里有孩子在玩。”
Every addict in the courtroom lowered their head. 每个当庭的瘾君子都低下了自己的头。
Who better to teach that lesson? 还有谁能让他们真正开始反省自己呢？
It helps the court reset its relationship with the community, like with the 20-something-year-old guy who gets a job interview through the court program. 这一切帮助法庭重建了 和社区之间的关系。 还比如,一个大约20岁的年轻人, 他通过法庭的项目得到了 一次工作面试的机会。
reset:vi.重置;清零;重新组合;n.重新设定;重新组合;重排版; interview:n.接见,采访;面试,面谈;v.采访;接见;对…进行面谈;
He gets a job interview at an office cleaning company, and he comes back to court to proudly say, "Judge, I even worked in my suit after the interview, because I wanted the guy to see how bad I wanted the job." 他面试的工作是一家清洁公司。 当他回到法庭时自豪地说: “法官,面试后我甚至 穿着西装在工作, 因为我希望让那些人看到, 我多么想要得到这份工作。
proudly:傲慢地
It's what happens when a person in authority treats you with dignity and respect, like the 40-something-year-old guy who struts down the aisle and says, "Judge, do you notice anything different?" 这就是当一个来自权力机构的人 充满尊重和尊严地 对待每一个人时发生的一切。 又比如,一个大约40岁的人走在过道上, 对我说:“法官,你注意到 我看起来有什么不同了吗？”
treats:v.以…态度对待; n.乐事; struts:n.标记层; v.大摇大摆地走;
And when I look up, he's pointing at his new teeth that he was able to get after getting a referral from the program, but he was able to get them to replace the old teeth that he lost as a result of years of heroin addiction. 当我抬起头时, 他指着自己的新牙齿。 他因为法庭的项目得到转诊的机会, 才得以更换自己的旧牙, 那些牙齿因为多年吸食海洛因都掉了。
referral:n.参照;提及;被推举的人;转诊病人; as a result:结果;
When he looks in the mirror, now he sees somebody who is worth saving. 现在当他照镜子的时候, 他能看到一个值得在世上活下去的人,
You see, I have a dream and that dream is that judges will use these tools to revolutionize the communities that they serve. 我有自己的梦想。 我的梦想是让所有的法官 都能够使用这套工具, 去改造他们服务的社区。
revolutionize:vt.发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命;vi.革命化;从事革命; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
Now, these tools are not miracle cure-alls , but they get us light-years closer to where we want to be, and where we want to be is a place that people enter our halls of justice 这些工具并不是万能的解药, 但是能够帮助我们向 既定的目标更近一步, 我们的目标是当人们来到法庭时,
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例; cure-alls:n.万灵药; light-years:n.光年;
and believe they will be treated with dignity and respect and know that justice will be served there. 他们相信自己在法庭上 能够得到尊重和尊严, 并且他们知道在这里正义会得到维护。
Imagine that, a simple idea. 想象一下,这个简单的想法。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）