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VictoriaGill_2019S-_修女可以教给科学家们的生态学知识_-
OK, I would like to introduce all of you beautiful, curious-minded people to my favorite animal in the world. 我要向你们这些出色的、 充满好奇心的观众介绍 我在这个世界上最喜欢的动物。
This is the Peter Pan of the amphibian world. 这是两栖动物世界的彼得·潘,
Peter Pan:n.外表异常年轻的人;行为像孩子的成人; amphibian:n.[脊椎]两栖动物; adj.两栖类的;
It's an axolotl . 一只墨西哥钝口螈。
axolotl:n.蝾螈;[脊椎]美西螈(幼体,实验用动物);
It's a type of salamander, but it never fully grows up and climbs out of the water like other salamanders do. 它是蝾螈的一种, 可它不像其它蝾螈那样 会完全发育长大, 然后从水里爬上陆地。
salamanders:n.[脊椎]蝾螈;火蜥蜴(salamander的复数形式);
And this little guy has X-Man-style powers, right? 这个小家伙有 X 战警般的力量。
So if it loses any limb , it can just completely regenerate . 如果它失去肢体, 还可以完全再生。
limb:n.肢,臂;分支;枝干;v.切断…的手足;从…上截下树枝; regenerate:vt.使再生;革新;vi.再生;革新;adj.再生的;革新的;
It's amazing. 妙极了。
And, I mean, look at it -- it's got a face with a permanent smile. 看看它吧—— 脸上带着永恒的微笑。
permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
(Laughter) （笑）
It's framed by feathery gills . 羽毛状的腮像个画框。
framed:v.给…做框;给…镶边;制订;拟订;(frame的过去分词和过去式) feathery:adj.柔软如羽毛的;生有羽毛的; gills:n.鱼鳃(gill的复数); v.除去鱼的鳃和内脏;
It's just ... how could you not love that? 什么人会不喜欢它呢？
This particular type of axolotl, a very close relative , is known as an achoque. 这种特殊类型的 墨西哥钝口螈的近亲 叫做安氏钝口螈。
relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物;
It is equally as cute, and it lives in just one place in a lake in the north of Mexico. 同样可爱, 它只生活在一个地方, 在墨西哥北部的一个湖中。
It's called Lake Pátzcuaro, and as you can see , it is stunningly beautiful. 那个湖叫帕茨夸罗湖。 大家能看到, 这里的景色令人惊叹。
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; stunningly:adv.绝妙地;令人震惊地;使人目瞪口呆地;
But unfortunately , it's been so overfished and so badly polluted that the achoque is dying out altogether. 但不幸的是,它被过度捕捞, 而且污染严重, 以至于安氏钝口螈成批死亡。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; overfished:vt.对…进行过度捕捞;
And this is something that's a scenario that's playing out all over the world. 这是一种正在世界范围内 蔓延的场景。
scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本;
We're living through an extinction crisis , and species are particularly vulnerable when they're evolutionarily tailored to just one little niche or maybe one lake. 我们正处于灭绝的危机之中, 当物种进化到只适合一个 小生态环境或一个湖泊时, 它们尤其容易受到伤害。
extinction:n.绝种; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; evolutionarily:进化上; niche:n.壁龛; vt.放入壁龛;
But this is TED, right? 但这里是 TED,对不对？
So this is where I give you the big idea, the big solution . 所以我要给出重要构想 和重要解决方案。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
So how do you save one special weird species from going extinct? 那么,如何避免一种特殊的、 奇特的物种灭绝呢？
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
Well, the answer, at least my answer, isn't a grand technological intervention . 答案,至少是我的答案, 不是大规模的技术干预。
technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍;
It's actually really simple. 它其实非常简单,
It's that you find people who know all about this animal and you ask them and you listen to them and you work with them, if they're up for that. 只要找到全面了解这种动物的人, 询问他们,倾听他们的意见, 如果他们愿意为此努力, 就和他们展开合作。
So I want to tell you about how I've seen that in science, and in conservation in particular , if scientists don't team up with local people who have really valuable knowledge 我想告诉大家 针对这个问题,我在科学上, 尤其是保护方面的看法。 当地的人有宝贵的知识, 他们的实践智慧也许不会 在学术期刊上发表,
conservation:n.保存,保持;保护; in particular:尤其,特别; team up with:与…合作,与…协作; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品;
but a practical wisdom that's not going to be published in any academic journal , they can really miss the point . 但如果科学家不与他们合作, 真的可能会错失良机。
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报; miss the point:没有抓住要领;
Scientists and science as an enterprise can fall at the first hurdle if it rushes in knowing that it's the experts that know best. 科学家和科学作为一个事业, 如果过于急躁地认为 只有专家才能提供最权威的答案, 就会在第一个障碍上栽跟头。
hurdle:n.障碍;栏;跳栏;vt.克服;vi.克服;跳过;
But when scientists shake off those academic constraints and really look to people who have a totally different but really important perspective on what they're trying to do, it can genuinely save the world, one wonderfully weird amphibian at a time. 但如果科学家们 摆脱学术上的限制, 真正向对自己要做的事情 有着完全不同 而又重要的观点的人们请教, 他们才能真正的拯救世界, 从每一种奇妙而怪异的 两栖动物开始。
constraints:n.[数]约束;限制;约束条件(constraint的复数形式); perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地; wonderfully:adv.精彩地;惊人地;极好地;
So, in the case of the achoque, these are the people you need on your team. 对于安氏钝口螈来说, 这些人是你需要的团队。
(Laughter) （笑）
These are the Sisters of the Immaculate Health. 她们是“无瑕健康姐妹”,
Immaculate:adj.完美的;洁净的;无瑕疵的;
They are nuns who have a convent in Pátzcuaro, they live in Pátzcuaro, and they have a shared history with the achoque. 也是帕茨夸罗修道院的修女, 她们居住在帕茨夸罗, 与安氏钝口螈有共同的历史。
nuns:n.修女;尼姑;(nun的复数) convent:n.女修道院;
And it is so mind-bogglingly wonderful that it drew me all the way there to make an audio documentary about them, and I even have the unflattering selfie to prove it. 这真是令人难以置信的奇妙, 吸引了我一路为她们 制作音频纪录, 我甚至还拥有不讨人喜欢的自拍照 来证明这一点。
mind-bogglingly:令人难以置信地; audio:adj.声音的;录音的; unflattering:adj.不吸引人的,不好看的; selfie:n.自拍照;
There is a room at the center of their convent, though, that looks like this. 在她们的修道院中心有间 像这样的房子。
It's very strange. 它非常奇怪。
It's lined with all these tanks full of fresh water and hundreds of achoques. 装满淡水的水箱排成排, 里面有好几百只安氏钝口螈。
And that's because this creature , because of its regenerative abilities, it's believed has healing powers if you consume it. 正是因为这种生物 有再生的能力, 人们相信食用它们 就拥有了自愈的能力。
creature:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人; regenerative:adj.再生的,更生的;更新的; healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词) consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁;
So the sisters actually make and sell a medicine using achoques. 所以这些修女姐妹们制造并销售 用它们制作的药。
I bought a bottle of it. 我买了一瓶。
So this is it. 就是这个。
It tastes a bit like honey, but the sisters reckon it is good for all kinds of particularly respiratory ailments . 味道有点像蜂蜜, 修女们认为这种药对各类疾病, 特别是呼吸道疾病都有好处。
reckon:v.认为;想;估计;计算; respiratory:adj.呼吸的; ailments:n.疾病,小病(ailment复数形式);
So I just want you to have a listen, if you will, to a clip of Sister Ofelia. 大家愿意的话,我想让各位 听听奥菲莉亚修女的一段话。
clip:v.剪辑;修剪;削减;固定;n.夹;夹子;速度;钳;
(Audio) Sister Ofelia: (speaks in Spanish) （音频）奥菲莉亚修女: （西班牙语）
(Audio) (Interpreter voice-over) Our convent was founded by Dominican nuns here in Pátzcuaro in 1747. （音频）（译员） 我们的修院是多米尼加修女们 于 1747 年在帕茨夸罗建立的。
Dominican:adj.多明尼加共和国的;n.多明尼加共和国的居民;
Sometime after that, our sisters started to make the achoque syrup . 在那以后的某一时间开始, 修女们开始制作钝口螈糖浆。
syrup:n.糖浆,果汁;含药糖浆;
We didn't discover the properties of the achoque. 发现了钝口螈药用价值的并不是我们,
That was the original people from around here, since ancient times. 而是周围的本地人 在古代就发现了。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
But we then started to make the syrup, too. 但后来我们也开始制作糖浆。
The locals knew that, and they came to offer us the animals. 本地人了解到这些之后, 开始向我们提供这种动物。
(Audio) Victoria Gill: I see. （音频）维多利亚·吉尔: 我知道了。
So the achoques are part of making that syrup. 钝口螈是糖浆的一种重要成分。
What does the syrup treat , and what is it for? 糖浆能治疗什么呢,干什么用的？
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
(Audio) SO: (speaks in Spanish) （音频）奥菲莉亚: （西班牙语）
(Audio) (Interpreter voice-over) It's good for coughs, asthma , bronchitis , the lungs and back pain. （音频）（译员） 对咳嗽、哮喘、 支气管炎、肺部和 背部疼痛有好处。
asthma:n.[内科][中医]哮喘,气喘; bronchitis:n.[内科]支气管炎;
(Audio) VG: And so you've harnessed that power in a syrup, in a medicine. （音频）吉尔: 所以你们把糖浆的功效 用在了药物中。
harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词)
Can you tell me how it's made? 能告诉我怎么制作么？
You're shaking your head and smiling. (Laughter) 你在摇头、微笑。 （笑）
VG: Yeah, they're not up for sharing the centuries-old secret recipe . （音频）吉尔:是的,她们不愿意 分享好几世纪传下来的秘密配方。
centuries-old:adj.悠久的; recipe:n.食谱;方法;诀窍;烹饪法;
(Laughter) （笑）
But the decline in the achoque actually nearly put a halt to that medicine production altogether, which is why the sisters started this. 但安氏钝口螈的减少 实际上让这种药物的生产几乎停顿, 这正是修女们采取措施的原因。
decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; halt:v.停止;立定;踌躇,犹豫;n.停止;立定;休息;
It's the world's first achoque farm. 这是世界上第一家钝口螈饲养场。
All they wanted was a healthy, sustainable population so that they could continue to make that medicine, but what they created at the same time was a captive breeding program for a critically endangered species. 她们需要健康、可持续的产量, 这样她们就可以 继续制造那种药物, 但她们同时也创造了 一个针对极度濒危物种的 人工繁殖计划。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; captive:adj.被俘虏的;被迷住的;n.俘虏;迷恋者; breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生;v.生产;培育;使…繁殖;(breed的现在分词) critically:adv.精密地;危急地;批评性地;用钻研眼光地; endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式)
And fast forward a few years, and these scientists that you can see in this picture from Chester Zoo all the way over the in UK, not far from where I live, 几年后, 各位在这张图里看到的 科学家们来自 英国切斯特动物园, 离我住的地方很近,
Chester:n.切斯特(美国港口城市);切斯特(英国一城市);
and from Michoacana University in Morelia in Mexico have persuaded the sisters -- it took years of careful diplomacy -- to join them in a research partnership . 以及墨西哥莫雷利亚的 米却卡纳大学, 他们用若干年精心培训的 外交手段说服了这些修女, 与她们建立了研究伙伴关系。
persuaded:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的过去式和过去分词) diplomacy:n.外交;外交手腕;交际手段; partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约;
So the nuns show the biologists how you rear perfectly healthy, very robust Pátzcuaro achoques, and the scientists have put some of their funding into tanks, filters and pumps in this strange, incongruous but amazing room. 修女们给生物学家展示了 如何饲养出健康、健壮的 帕茨夸罗安氏钝口螈, 科学家们把他们的一部分经费 投入在了这个奇怪,不协调, 但令人惊叹的房间里的 水箱、过滤器和水泵上。
biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数); rear:adj.后方的;后面的;n.后部;屁股;臀部;v.抚养;培养;饲养;用后腿直立; robust:adj.强健的;健康的;粗野的;粗鲁的; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) filters:n.过滤器; v.过滤; (filter的第三人称单数和复数) pumps:n.[机]泵; v.用泵送; incongruous:adj.不协调的;不一致的;不和谐的;
This is the kind of partnership that can save a species. 这是一种能够 挽救一个物种的合作。
But I don't think I see enough of this sort of thing, and I have been ludicrously lucky in my job. 可是我觉得这样的事情还是太少, 我的工作带给了我不少好运气。
ludicrously:adv.滑稽地;荒唐地;
I've traveled to loads of places and just basically followed around brilliant people who are trying to use science to answer big questions and solve problems. 我频繁到各地出差,基本是跟随 那些试图利用科学来回答 重大问题和解决问题的 才华横溢的人们。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
I've hung out with scientists who have solved the mystery of the origin of the menopause by tracking killer whales off the north Pacific coast. 我曾和通过追踪 北太平洋沿岸虎鲸 发现更年期起源奥秘的 科学家们合作过。
menopause:n.更年期;活动终止期; tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
And I've followed around scientists who've planted cameras in Antarctic penguin colonies, because they were looking to capture the impacts of climate change as it happens. 我也曾跟随在南极企鹅领地 安装相机,想要现场了解 气候变化影响的那些科学家 到处跑。
Antarctic:adj.南极(地方)的;n.南极地区;网络释义:南极的;南极区;南极地带的; penguin:n.企鹅; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
But it's this team that really stuck with me, that really showed me the impact that these delicate but really important relationships can have. 但正是这个团队真正吸引住了我, 向我展示了 这些微妙而又非常重要的 关系所能产生的影响。
delicate:adj.精致的,微妙的,脆弱的,熟练的,柔和的;
And I think the reason that it stuck with me as well is because it's not common. 这个团队让我尤其难忘的原因 还在于它非同寻常。
And one of the reasons it's not common is because our traditional approach of the hierarchical system of academic achievement doesn't exactly encourage the type of humility where scientists will look to nonscientists and really ask for their input . 而它为何与众不同, 是因为我们采用的 传统学术成就等级制方法 并不能完全鼓励科学家 向非科学家求助 这样谦虚的行为。
traditional:传统的,惯例的, approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; hierarchical:adj.分层的;等级体系的; humility:n.谦卑,谦逊; input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机;
In fact, I think we have a bit of a tradition, especially in the West, of a kind of academically blinkered hubris that has kept science historically an enterprise for the elite . 实际上我认为我们有某种传统, 特别是在西方, 存在一种学术上偏狭的傲慢, 这使得科学在历史上 一直是精英们的事业。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; academically:adv.学术上;学业上; blinkered:adj.心胸狭隘的; v.给…戴眼罩; hubris:n.傲慢;狂妄自大; historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
And I think although that's moved on, it continues to be its downfall on occasion . 虽然我认为这种情况已有所改进, 但有时情况依然不容乐观。
downfall:n.垮台;衰败;落下;大雨; on occasion:有时;偶尔;
So here's my example from history and my takedown of a scientific hero. 我想通过一个历史上的例子 来表达我对科学英雄的不满。
takedown:n.拆卸;adj.可拆卸的; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
Sir Ernest Shackleton and his Trans-Antarctic Expedition more than a century ago, the celebrated ill-fated adventure . 欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士 和他一个世纪多之前的 “穿越南极”探险队, 经历了一次着名的、 注定要失败的冒险。
Expedition:n.远征;探险队;迅速; ill-fated:adj.不幸的;恶运的; adventure:n.冒险;奇遇;经历;冒险游戏;v.探险;以…冒险;大胆进行;闯;
On his way there, 在他去南极的路上,
Shackleton just didn't listen to the whalers in South Georgia. 沙克尔顿就是不听 南乔治亚岛捕鲸人的意见。
whalers:n.捕鲸船;捕鲸者;
They knew that region , and they told him you won't get through the ice this year. 他们了解那一地区,告诉他 在当年无法穿过那片冰雪。
region:n.地区;范围;部位;
It's too widespread , it's too far north, it's too dangerous. 那年的冰雪分布太广, 一直深入到北面,太危险了。
widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的;
And look what happened. 看看发生了什么。
I mean, granted , that great adventure, that story of heroic leadership that we still tell, where he saved every single one of his men, we wouldn't be telling that story if he'd just hightailed it for home and taken their advice. 没错,这是一个伟大的探险, 我们还在对英雄般的领导津津乐道, 他拯救了 整个队伍中的每一个人, 如果他听从劝告把队伍撤回 就没有这个故事可讲了。
granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式) heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为; hightailed:vi.迅速逃走;
But it cost him his ship, 但这让他损失了船,
I would imagine quite a lot of cold injuries among the team, a good few cases of PTSD and Mrs. Chippy , the ship's cat, had to be shot because the team couldn't afford any extra food as they fought to survive. 可以想象队伍中的很多人被冻伤, 出现了创伤后应激障碍, 不得不射杀了船上 名叫奇皮女士的猫, 因为整个探险队的生存都成问题, 提供不了多余的食物。
injuries:n.伤害,损伤;挫伤;(injury的复数) PTSD:abbr.创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍(post-traumaticstressdisorder); Chippy:adj.碎片的;活跃的;n.花栗鼠;浪漫女子; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外:
Now, that was all a very long time ago, but as I've prepared for this talk, 这件事现在看起来已经年代久远, 但我准备这个演讲的时候,
I've revisited some of the stories that I have covered, where these really unusual collaborations made a real positive difference. 重温了一些我报道过的事情, 这些不同寻常的合作 确实产生了积极的影响。
revisited:vt.重游;再访;重临;n.再访问; collaborations:n.协作(collaboration的复数); positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
So I spoke to former poachers whose knowledge of where they used to hunt illegally is now really important in conservation projects in those same places. 我和从前的偷猎者谈过, 他们对以往非法偷猎地方的经验 对于同一地区的保护项目 非常重要。
poachers:n.偷猎者;侵入者(poacher的复数); illegally:adv.非法地;
And I spoke to an amazing artist whose own experience of mental health struggles has actually paved the way for him to take a role in designing and creating a new, really innovative and beautiful mental health ward in a hospital. 我也和一位杰出的艺术家聊过, 他与自己心理健康问题斗争的经历 协助他参与了医院中一个 新的、充满创意且美观的 心理健康病房的设计和建造。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; paved:v.(用砖石)铺(地);(pave的过去分词和过去式) innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; ward:n.病房; v.防止;
Most recently , I worked here, in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone , with a team of scientists that have been working there for decades. 最近,我在切尔诺贝利 禁区和已经在那工作了 几十年的科学家们展开了合作。
recently:adv.最近;新近; Chernobyl:n.切尔诺贝利(乌克兰的一座城市); Exclusion Zone:n.禁区;
One of their experiments growing crops in that area has now turned into this. 他们的一项在该区域种植庄稼的项目 获得了这样的成果。
It's Chernobyl's first vodka . 这是切尔诺贝利的第一批伏特加。
vodka:n.伏特加酒;
(Laughter) （笑）
It's pretty good, too! I've tasted it. 味道相当不错！我尝过了。
And this is actually, although it looks like a niche product, it's set to be the first consumer product to come out of the exclusion zone since the nuclear accident. 这虽然看起来像是小众产品, 但实际上它是 自核事故以来第一个 走出禁区的消费产品。
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的;
And that's actually the result of years of conversation with local communities who still live on the periphery of that abandoned land and want to know when they can -- and if they can -- safely grow food and build businesses and rebuild their communities and their lives. 这实际上是与仍然生活在 那片荒地外围的当地社区 进行多年对话的结果, 他们想知道何时——以及是否能够 ——安全地种植粮食, 建立企业并重建社区和生活。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) periphery:n.外围,边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面; abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式)
This was a product of humility, of listening, and I saw that in spades when I visited Pátzcuaro. 这是一种谦虚听取 意见而得来的产品。 我在访问帕茨夸罗时 见证了这种情形。
spades:v.用铲挖(spade的三单形式);n.锹;铲;(纸牌中的)黑桃;(spade的复数)
So I watched as a decades-experienced conservation biologist called Gerardo Garcia listened and watched super carefully as a nun in a full habit and wimple and latex gloves 我看到一位有几十年生态保护经历的 名叫赫拉尔多·加西亚的 生物学家, 认真观看并听取了 穿着整套修女服, 带着橡胶手套的修女
Garcia:n.加西亚; wimple:v.用修女头巾包起来;覆盖;使起波浪;n.温帕尔头巾; latex:n.乳胶;乳液;
showed him how, if you tap an achoque on the head really gently , it'll open its mouth so you can quickly get a DNA swab with a Q-tip . 教他如何轻拍钝口螈的头部, 让它张开嘴巴,然后用棉签 迅速得到 DNA 拭子。
gently:adv.轻轻地;温柔地;温和地; swab:n.药签,[外科]拭子; vt.打扫,擦拭; Q-tip:n.棉签(=cottonbud);
(Laughter) （笑）
When scientists team up with, look to and defer to people who have a really valuable perspective on what they're trying to do but a totally different outlook , something really special can happen. 那些对自己的工作保有 真正有价值的观点的人, 他们的人生观可能截然不同, 当科学家们与这些人合作、 审视并尊重他们的想法, 确实会发生一些特别的事情。
defer:vi.推迟;延期;服从;vt.使推迟;使延期; outlook:n.见解;前景;人生观;可能性;
Now, there is a truly global and a very, very ambitious example of this called the International Panel on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 再讲一个真正全球性的、 雄心勃勃的例子, 叫做国际生物多样性 和生态系统服务专家组。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; Panel:n.镶板;仪表盘;钣金;(衣服上的)镶条;v.镶板(用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰); Biodiversity:n.生物多样性; Ecosystem:n.生态系统;
Now, that is not a snappy title, but stick with me. 可能是个沉闷的题目, 但请听下去。
snappy:adj.厉声说话的;生气勃勃的;时髦的;爽快的;
This organization includes more than 130 countries, and it's aiming to do nothing less than assess the state of the natural world across our entire planet. 这个组织包括了 130 个国家, 其目标是评估整个星球上 自然界的状况。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; nothing less than:完全是;不亚于;与…一模一样; assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税;
So it recently published this global assessment on the state of nature, and that could be the foundation for an international agreement where all of those nations could sign up to finally take action 它最近发布了有关自然状况的 全球评估报告, 这可能是一项国际协议的基础, 所有这些国家都可以签署该协议,
assessment:n.评定;估价; foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
to tackle the biodiversity crisis that's happening on planet Earth right now. 最终采取行动来解决地球上 目前正在发生的 生物多样性危机。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
Now, I know from trying to communicate, trying to report on reports like this, on assessments like this for a broad audience, that these big international groups can seem so high-level as to be kind of out of reach and nebulous , 我从尝试沟通、 尝试向大范围听众报道 类似的报告和评估了解到, 这类大型国际组织 看起来非常高高在上, 似乎遥不可及、令人迷惑,
assessments:评价; high-level:adj.高级的;高阶层的;在高空的; nebulous:adj.朦胧的;星云的,星云状的;
but there's a group of human beings at the center of them, the report's authors, who have this formidable task of bringing together all of that biological and ecological information that paints a clear and accurate picture of the state of the natural world. 但在其中心有一群 报告的作者, 他们有着艰巨的任务,将所有 生物和生态信息汇总在一起, 从而清晰、准确地描绘 自然世界的状况。
formidable:adj.强大的;可怕的;令人敬畏的;艰难的; biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的; accurate:adj.精确的;
And 10 years before this panel even set out to do that, to put that assessment together, they created what's called a " cultural concept framework." 甚至在该小组着手进行 这项工作的十年前, 为了将评估结果放在一起, 他们创建了所谓的 “文化概念框架”。
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
This is essentially a cultural concept translation dictionary for all of the different ways that we talk about the natural world. 从本质上讲,这是一本 文化概念翻译词典, 适用于我们谈论自然世界的 所有不同表达方式。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
So it formally recognizes , for example, that "Mother Earth" and "nature" means the same thing. 例如,它正式认可, “地球母亲”和“自然”是同一个意思。
recognizes:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的第三人称单数)
And what that means is that Indigenous and local knowledge can be brought into the same document and given the weight and merit that it deserves in that assessment of what state our natural environment is in. 这意味着可以将土着和地方性的知识 纳入同一文档, 并赋予其对我们的自然环境 所处状态的评估应具有的 权重和价值。
Indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的; merit:n.价值;优点;功绩;美德;v.值得;应得; deserves:v.值得;应得;应受;(deserve的第三人称单数)
And that is absolutely critical, because an Inuit hunter might never publish in an academic journal, but I'll bet you she knows more about the changes to her home Arctic community because of climate change 这绝对至关重要, 因为一个因纽特人猎人可能永远 不会在学术期刊上发表文章, 但我敢打赌,比起一个 花了很多年往返于北极地区 进行测量的科学家,
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; Inuit:n.因纽特人(加拿大北部以及格陵兰和阿拉斯加部分地区的一个种族的人,有时误指西伯利亚及阿拉斯加南部和西部的人); publish:v.出版;发表;公布; bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
than a scientist who spent many years going to and from that region taking measurements . 她更了解自己的家乡 北极圈因气候变化 而发生的改变。
measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数);
And collectively , Indigenous people are the caretakers of an estimated 25 percent of the entire global land surface, including some of the most biodiverse places on the planet. 总的来说,土着人民是全球 约 25% 陆地表面的看护者, 包括地球上一些生物多样性 最丰富的地方。
collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; caretakers:n.看管者;看门人;守护者;adj.临时代理的; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的; biodiverse:生物多类状态的;生物多样的;
So imagine how much we're missing if we don't cross those cultural boundaries , or at least try to, when we're trying to figure out how the world works and how to protect it. 所以想象一下,如果我们 在弄清楚世界如何运作 和如何保护它的时候, 不跨越这些文化界限, 或至少试图这样做, 我们会有多大的错失。
boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
Every single research proposal is a new opportunity to do exactly that. 每一份科研基金申请书 都有这样做的新机会。
proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚;
So what if , every time a research project was proposed , it had to include a suggestion of a person or a group of people -- local farmers, Indigenous community leaders, nuns -- that researchers wanted to bring into the fold , invite into their team and listen to? 那么,如果每次 提出一个研究项目时, 都必须包括科研人员想合作的 一个人或一群人的建议, 如当地农民、土着社区领袖、修女等, 邀请他们加入研究队伍, 并听取他们的意见, 那会怎么样呢？
what if:如果…怎么办? proposed:adj.建议的;推荐的;v.提议;建议;计划;求婚;(propose的过去分词和过去式) fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕;
I just want to let Sister Ofelia give her view of why she is so particularly driven and dedicated to the survival of the achoque. 我想让奥菲莉亚修女对她为何 如此热情地致力于钝口螈的生存 提出看法。
dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
(Audio) VG: Sister Ofelia, do you think that saving this species from extinction, is that part of your work for God? （音频）吉尔:奥菲莉亚修女, 你认为拯救濒危物种, 是侍奉上帝工作的一部分么？
(Audio) SO: (speaks in Spanish) （音频）奥菲莉亚: （西班牙语）
(Audio) (Interpreter voice-over) It's the responsibility of every human being not to harm those who live around us. （音频）（译员） 每个人 我们周围的生物。 我们周围的生物。
That's all living things. 那都是生命。
We're all created not only just to survive but to be happy and to make others happy. 我们所有的人不是为了生存而生, 而是为幸福及令他人幸福而生。
All of us here are providing happiness by protecting this animal, and we're also making Him happy. 我们这里的所有人都在保护 这种动物,让他人感到幸福, 我们让上帝也感到高兴。
(Audio) (Nuns singing) （音频）（修女们唱歌）
VG: I feel like I should sort of slink off and let the nuns sing me out, because it sounds so lovely. 吉尔:我感觉我应该走开了, 让修女们的歌声送我退场, 因为那太好听了。
slink:vi.溜走;偷偷摸摸地走;n.早产的小牛;鬼鬼祟祟的人;adj.不足月的(小牛等)
But did you hear that? 可是大家听到了么？
'"We're providing happiness." “我们提供快乐。”
Now, that's not a protocol you'd ever see outlined in any formal research project proposal -- 在任何正式的研究项目申请书里, 都不会有这样的协定——
protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定; outlined:v.概述:显示…的轮廓:(outline的过去分词和过去式) formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服;
(Laughter) （笑）
but it's the impetus behind what's become the most successful breeding program in the world of an animal that was on the very brink of being wiped out. 但这正是这个濒临灭绝的动物 在世界上 最成功的繁殖计划背后的动力。
impetus:n.动力;促进;冲力; brink:n.(峭壁的)边缘;
And isn't that just wonderful? 难道不是非常美妙吗？
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）