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TyroneHayes_2010W-_中毒的宝宝_
Penelope Jagessar Chaffer: I was going to ask if there's a doctor in the house. Penelope Jagessar Chaffer:我要问声这里是否有医生。
No, I'm just joking. 不问了,开个玩笑。
It's interesting, because it was six years ago when I was pregnant with my first child that I discovered that the most commonly used preservative in baby care products mimics estrogen when it gets into the human body. 很有趣,因为六年前 当我怀第一个宝宝的时候 我发现 最常用的防腐剂 用于婴儿制品 进入人体后 酷似雌性激素。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; preservative:n.防腐剂;预防法;防护层;adj.防腐的;有保存力的;有保护性的; mimics:v.模仿; n.会模仿的人(或动物); (mimic的第三人称单数和复数) estrogen:n.雌性激素;
Now it's very easy actually to get a chemical compound from products into the human body through the skin. 事实上, 产品中的化学合成物 很容易透过皮肤进入人体。
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; compound:v.合成; adj.混合; n.大院;
And these preservatives had been found in breast cancer tumors . 并且,这些防腐剂 已经在乳腺癌肿瘤中发现。
preservatives:n.防腐的(preservative的复数);[助剂]防腐剂;保存剂; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; tumors:n.肿瘤(tumor的复数);
That was the start of my journey to make this film, " Toxic Baby." 这就是我开始 拍摄《中毒宝宝》的起因。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; Toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的;
And it doesn't take much time to discover some really astonishing statistics with this issue . 并且,不用花多少时间 就会发现有关这个问题的令人震惊的 统计数字。
astonishing:adj.令人十分惊讶的;v.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;(astonish的现在分词) statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数) issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
One is that you and I all have between 30 to 50,000 chemicals in our bodies that our grandparents didn't have. 之一就是你和我 体内都带有30至5万种 化学制品 而我们的祖父母却没有的。
chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数)
And many of these chemicals are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents of chronic childhood disease that we're seeing across industrialized nations. 其中很多的化学成分 现在联系到 工业化国家中常见的 飞速发展的慢性儿童疾病。
skyrocketing:n.价格飞涨;突涨,飞升;v.火箭式地上升;鲁莽行事(skyrocket的ing形式); chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; industrialized:adj.工业化的;v.使工业化;将…组成产业(industrialize的过去分词);
I'll show you some statistics. 我给大家看些数据。
So for example, in the United Kingdom , the incidence of childhood leukemia has risen by 20 percent just in a generation. 举个例子,在英国, 儿童白血病的发病率 在一代人中已提高了20%。
United Kingdom:n.英国; incidence:n.发生率;影响;[光]入射;影响范围; leukemia:n.[内科][肿瘤]白血病;
Very similar statistic for childhood cancer in the U.S. 在美国,儿童癌症发病率的增长数字也非常相似
In Canada, we're now looking at one in 10 Canadian children with asthma . 在加拿大,有十分之一的儿童患有哮喘。
asthma:n.[内科][中医]哮喘,气喘;
That's a four-fold increase. 这是四倍的增长率。
Again, similar story around the world. 同样,类似的事情在世界各地发生着。
In the United States, probably the most astonishing statistic is a 600 percent increase in autism and autistic spectrum disorders and other learning disabilities . 在美国, 或许最令人震惊的数据 是自闭症,自闭症障碍 和其他学习障碍 600％的发病增长率。
autism:n.[心理][内科]孤独症;自我中心主义; autistic:adj.[心理][内科]孤独症的;孤僻的;n.孤独症患者(常指儿童); spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; disorders:n.无秩序,混乱; v.[电子]扰乱(disorder的单三形式); disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者;
Again, we're seeing that trend across Europe, across North America . 同样,我们看到这个趋势 在横扫欧洲和北美。
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; North America:n.北美洲;
And in Europe, there's certain parts of Europe, where we're seeing a four-fold increase in certain genital birth defects . 在欧洲 某些地区, 我们看到有四倍增长的 一些生殖器先天缺陷案例。
genital:adj.生殖的;生殖器的;n.生殖器;外阴部; defects:n.缺点;瑕疵;不合格品(defect的复数);v.叛变(defect的三单形式);
Interestingly , one of those birth defects has seen a 200 percent increase in the U.S. 有趣的是,其中一种的先天缺陷的案例 在美国已经增长了200%。
Interestingly:adv.有趣地;
So a real skyrocketing of chronic childhood disease that includes other things like obesity and juvenile diabetes , premature puberty . 同样正在真正激增的还有 慢性儿童疾病 以及其他疾病 譬如肥胖,青少年糖尿病, 早熟。
obesity:n.肥大,肥胖; juvenile:adj.青少年的;幼稚的;n.青少年;少年读物; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症; premature:adj.早产的;不成熟的;比预期早的;n.早产儿;过早发生的事物; puberty:n.青春期;开花期;
So it's interesting for me, when I'm looking for someone who can really talk to me and talk to an audience about these things, that probably one of the most important people in the world who can discuss toxicity in babies is expert in frogs. 我感到很有趣的是, 当我寻找一位能够真正和我讨论 并且对听众们谈论这些事的人 并且他可能是这世上很重要的一个 能讨论婴儿体内的毒性的人 却是个青蛙专家。
toxicity:n.[毒物]毒性;
(Laughter) （笑）
Tyrone Hayes: It was a surprise to me as well that I would be talking about pesticides , that I'd be talking about public health, because, in fact, I never thought I would do anything useful. Tyrone Hayes:我也很吃惊 我会谈论杀虫剂, 我会谈论公共健康, 因为我从来没想过我会做什么有用的事。
pesticides:n.[农药]农药;[农药]杀虫剂(pesticide的复数);
(Laughter) （笑）
Frogs. 青蛙。
In fact, my involvement in the whole pesticide issue was sort of a surprise as well when I was approached by the largest chemical company in the world and they asked me if I would evaluate how atrazine affected amphibians , or my frogs. 其实,我也吃惊会渉入 杀虫剂这个问题。 当时,世上最大的化学制品公司 来问我,是否能评估 阿特拉津对两栖动物或者说我的青蛙的影响。
involvement:n.牵连;包含;混乱;财政困难; approached:v.走近;临近;探讨;建议;(approach的过去分词和过去式) evaluate:v.评价;评估;估计; atrazine:n.[农药]莠去津,[农药]阿特拉津(一种除草剂名); amphibians:n.两栖动物;[古生]两栖类;
It turns out, atrazine is the largest selling product for the largest chemical company in the world. 结果呢,原来阿特拉津是 世上最大的化学制品公司的最畅销产品。
It's the number one contaminant of groundwater , drinking water , rain water. 它含量最高的杂质 于地下水,饮用水和雨水。
contaminant:n.污染物;致污物; groundwater:n.地下水; drinking water:n.饮用水;
In 2003, after my studies, it was banned in the European Union , but in that same year, the United States EPA re-registered the compound. 在2003年,在我的研究之后,阿特拉津被欧盟禁止了。 但是在同一年, 美国环保署重新注册了这个化合物。
banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式) European Union:n.欧洲联盟;
We were a bit surprised when we found out that when we exposed frogs to very low levels of atrazine -- 0.1 parts per billion -- that it produced animals that look like this. 我们的发现令我们小吃一惊 当我们把青蛙暴露在 很低水平的阿特拉津中时,虽然10亿当中只有0.1部分, 创造出了长成这个样子的动物。
exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式)
These are the dissected gonads of an animal that has two testes , two ovaries , another large testis , more ovaries , which is not normal ... 动物的生殖腺解剖显示出 它有两个睾丸,两个卵巢, 外加一个大的睾丸,几个卵巢, 这都不正常。
dissected:v.解剖;仔细研究;详细评论;剖析;(dissect的过去式和过去分词) gonads:n.[解剖]生殖腺;内性器(gonad的复数); testes:n.睾丸(testis的复数); ovaries:n.[解剖]卵巢,[植]子房(ovary复数形式); testis:n.[解剖]睾丸;
(Laughter) （笑）
even for amphibians. 即使是对两栖动物来说。
In some cases, another species like the North American Leopard Frog showed that males exposed to atrazine grew eggs in their testes. 另外一些例子里,比如一种叫北美豹蚊蛙的物种 在暴露于阿特拉津后雄性的睾丸竟然长有卵子。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; Leopard:n.豹;美洲豹;
And you can see these large, yolked-up eggs bursting through the surface of this male's testes. 大家可以看到的这些大个的充满黄的卵子 布满雄性睾丸的外表。
bursting:adj.充满的;渴望的;v.爆炸;猛然打开;突然开始(burst的现在分词);
Now my wife tells me, and I'm sure Penelope can as well, that there's nothing more painful than childbirth -- which that I'll never experience, I can't really argue that -- 我太太告诉我,当然Penelope也会说, 没有比生孩子更痛的事。 生孩子我永远不可能体验,所以我不会争辩这个。
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; childbirth:n.分娩;
but I would guess that a dozen chicken eggs in my testicle would probably be somewhere in the top five. 但我会猜想如果我睾丸里有一打的鸡蛋的话, 这疼痛可能会排在前五个最疼痛的经历里面。
testicle:n.[解剖]睾丸;
(Laughter) （笑）
In recent studies that we've published, we've shown that some of these animals when they're exposed to atrazine, some of the males grow up and completely become females. 在我们发表的近期研究, 我们展示了当一些动物暴露在阿特拉津下的时候, 一些雄性的成长后 会变成完全的雌性。
So these are actually two brothers consummating a relationship. 所以,有些配偶关系实际上是两兄弟的组合。
consummating:v.(初次)同房; (consummate的现在分词)
And not only do these genetic males mate with other males, they actually have the capacity to lay eggs even though they're genetic males. 并不只是这些基因雄性和其他雄性交配, 他们实际上还有能力产卵, 尽管他们是基因雄性。
genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; mate:n.助手,大副; v.使配对; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
What we proposed , and what we've now generated support for, is that what atrazine is doing is wreaking havoc causing a hormone imbalance . 我们所提议的 我们也得到了支持, 就是阿特拉津 严重危害而导致荷尔蒙的不平衡。
proposed:adj.建议的;推荐的;v.提议;建议;计划;求婚;(propose的过去分词和过去式) generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词) wreaking:v.造成(巨大的破坏或伤害);(wreak的现在分词) havoc:n.大破坏;浩劫;蹂躏;v.严重破坏;损毁; hormone:n.[生理]激素,荷尔蒙; imbalance:n.不平衡;不安定;
Normally the testes should make testosterone , the male hormone. 通常睾丸应该产出雄性激素, 就是雄性荷尔蒙。
Normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; testosterone:n.[生化]睾酮,睾丸素(男性荷尔蒙的一种);
But what atrazine does is it turns on an enzyme , the machinery if you will, aromatase, that converts testosterone into estrogen. 但是阿特拉津所做的就是它会开启一种酶, 叫芳香化酶, 它会把雄性激素转化成雌性激素。
enzyme:n.[生化]酶; machinery:n.机械;机器;机构;机械装置; converts:vt.使转变; vi.转变,变换; n.皈依者;
And as a result , these exposed males lose their testosterone, they're chemically castrated , and they're subsequently feminized because now they're making the female hormone. 结果就是,这些被暴露过的雄性 就失去了他们的雄性激素,他们是被化学阉制了, 因为他们不断制造雌性激素, 他们就被女性化了。
as a result:结果; chemically:adv.用化学;以化学方法; castrated:v.割除(男子或雄性动物的)睾丸;阉割;(castrate的过去分词和过去式) subsequently:adv.随后,其后;后来; feminized:v.(使)女性化;[生](使)雌性化;(feminized是feminize的过去分词); female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
Now this is what brought me to the human-related issues . 现在,这就引到了跟人有关的话题。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Because it turns out that the number one cancer in women, breast cancer, is regulated by estrogen and by this enzyme aromatase. 事实证明 女性中最多的癌症-乳腺癌, 就是受控于雌性激素和芳香化酶。
regulated:v.约束,控制,管理;(regulate的过去式和过去分词)
So when you develop a cancerous cell in your breast, aromatase converts androgens into estrogens , and that estrogen turns on or promotes the growth of that cancer so that it turns into a tumor and spreads. 当你乳房里有了一个癌细胞, 芳香化酶就把雄性激素转化成雌性激素, 而那个雌性激素又启动或促进 癌症的成长, 因此它就形成肿块并扩散。
cancerous:adj.癌的;生癌的;像癌的; estrogens:n.[生理]雌激素;雌激素类;动情激素(estrogen的复数形式); promotes:v.促进;推动;促销;推销;提升;晋升;(promote的第三人称单数)
In fact, this aromatase is so important in breast cancer that the latest treatment for breast cancer is a chemical called letrozole, which blocks aromatase, blocks estrogen, so that if you developed a mutated cell, it doesn't grow into a tumor. 实际上,芳香化酶在乳腺癌上起很关键的作用。 最新的乳腺癌的治疗法, 就是用一种叫来曲唑的化学制品, 来阻止芳香化酶,阻止雌激素, 所以如果你产生了变异的细胞,它不会长成肿瘤。
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; mutated:突变;变成;经受突变;
Now what's interesting is, of course, that we're still using 80 million pounds of atrazine, the number one contaminant in drinking water, that does the opposite -- turns on aromatase, increases estrogen and promotes tumors in rats and is associated with tumors, breast cancer, in humans. 现在,有趣的是, 我们仍然在用八千万镑的阿特拉津, 饮用水中第一多的杂质,起着相反的作用- 启动芳香化酶,增加雌性激素, 在老鼠身上长肿瘤 在人身上引发的就是肿瘤,乳腺癌。
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
What's interesting is, in fact, the same company that sold us 80 million pounds of atrazine, the breast cancer promoter , now sells us the blocker -- the exact same company. 事实上,更有趣的是, 销售八千万镑的阿特拉津的公司 ——乳腺癌的推广者, 现在又在卖阻滞剂,同一家公司。
promoter:n.促进者;发起人;催化剂;促进剂;启动子; blocker:n.雏形锻模;
And so I find it interesting that instead of treating this disease by preventing exposure to the chemicals that promote it, we simply respond by putting more chemicals into the environment. 我感到有趣的是, 我们对付疾病的方法 不是预防暴露于引发疾病的化学制品 而是简单地 把更多的化学制品投入到环境里。
treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) exposure:n.暴露;显露;揭露;面临; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
PJC: So speaking of estrogen, one of the other compounds that Tyrone talks about in the film is something called bisphenol A, BPA, which has been in the news recently . PJC:说到雌性激素, Tyrone在影片里提到的另一种叫做双酚A的化合物, 即BPA, 最近也有报道。
compounds:n.混合物,化合物;大院(compound的复数形式); bisphenol:n.[化]双酚; recently:adv.最近;新近;
It's a plasticizer . 它是一种增塑剂。
plasticizer:n.塑化剂;可塑剂;
It's a compound that's found in polycarbonate plastic, which is what baby bottles are made out of. 这种化合物在聚碳酸脂塑料里可见, 婴儿奶瓶就是用这种塑料制作的。
polycarbonate:n.[高分子]聚碳酸酯;
And what's interesting about BPA is that it's such a potent estrogen that it was actually once considered for use as a synthetic estrogen in hormone placement therapy . BPA的有趣之处是, 它是一种很有效的雌激素, 曾被考虑用于 人造雌激素来做激素放置疗法。
potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的; synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的;n.合成物; therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
And there have been many, many, many studies that have shown that BPA leaches from babies' bottles into the formula , into the milk, and therefore into the babies. 已经有过很多很多很多的研究表明 BPA从婴儿奶瓶 渗到婴儿食品,渗进奶水 所以也渗进到宝宝体内。
leaches:n.(采灰汁用的)滤灰,滤汁;滤灰槽;过滤;(leach的复数) formula:n.公式; adj.(赛车)方程式的(指赛车要符合规定的体积,重量及汽缸容量等);
So we're dosing our babies, our newborns , our infants , with a synthetic estrogen. 所以,我们在给我们的宝宝们, 我们的新生儿们,我们的婴儿们 服用人造雌性激素。
dosing:n.定量给料,配量;精密分注; newborns:新生儿; infants:n.婴儿(infant的复数);婴幼儿;
Now two weeks ago or so, the European Union passed a law banning the use of BPA in babies' bottles and sippy cups. 大约两周前, 欧洲联盟通过一则法律 禁止使用BPA 在婴儿奶瓶和吸管杯中。
banning:n.禁止;禁令;v.禁止;取缔;限制(ban的ing形式);adj.禁止的; sippy:n.夕皮士(指50～80岁有稳固收入的消费者);
And for those of you who are not parents, sippy cups are those little plastic things that your child graduates to after using bottles. 对那些不是父母的说一声 吸管杯就是 宝宝们停止使用奶瓶的后的塑料替代物。
But just two weeks before that, the U.S. Senate refused to even debate the banning of BPA in babies' bottles and sippy cups. 但,也就是在两周前, 美国参议院竟拒绝 对禁止婴儿奶瓶和吸管杯 使用BPA之事展开辩论。
Senate:n.参议院,上院;(古罗马的)元老院; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
So it really makes you realize the onus on parents to have to look at this and regulate this and police this in their own lives and how astonishing that is. 这也让你们认识到 是父母的义务 去看待这件事,安排和监督 他们自己的生活, 这是很惊人的。
onus:n.责任,义务;负担;
(Video) PJC: With many plastic baby bottles now proven to leak the chemical bisphenol A, it really shows how sometimes it is only a parent's awareness that stands between chemicals and our children. （录像）PJC:很多的婴儿奶瓶 已经证实有双酚A的渗漏, 也表明有时是 父母的关注 站在化学制品和我们孩子之间。
leak:n.泄漏;渗漏;漏洞;裂缝;v.漏水;透露;使泄漏;传开; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道;
The baby bottle scenario proves that we can prevent unnecessary exposure. 婴儿奶瓶的情形证明 我们能够防止不必要的接触。
scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本;
However, if we parents are unaware , we are leaving our children to fend for themselves. 可是,如果我们做父母的不知道, 那我们就让孩子们 照料他们自己去了。
unaware:adj.不知道的,无意的;未察觉到的;adv.意外地;不知不觉地; fend:vt.谋生;保护;挡开;供养;vi.照料;供养;力争;
TH: And what Penelope says here is even more true. TH:Penelop说的 再真实不过了。
For those of you who don't know, we're in the middle of the sixth mass extinction . 你们可能还有不知道的,我们是在第六位大规模绝种之中。
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; extinction:n.绝种;
Scientists agree now. 科学们都赞成。
We are losing species from the Earth faster than the dinosaurs disappeared , and leading that loss are amphibians. 我们地球上物种的流失 比恐龙消失还快 最快的就是两栖类。
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词)
80 percent of all amphibians are threatened and in come decline . 所有两栖动物的80% 受到威胁并在减少。
decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降;
And I believe, many scientists believe that pesticides are an important part of that decline. 我相信,许多的科学家们也相信 杀虫剂是减少的主要原因。
In part, amphibians are good indicators and more sensitive because they don't have protection from contaminants in the water -- no eggshells , no membranes and no placenta . 在一定程度上,两栖动物是很好的指标且更敏感, 因为他们对水中的污染物没有任何保护- 没有蛋壳,没有隔膜 也没有胎盘。
indicators:n.指示信号;标志;指针;方向灯;(indicator的复数) sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; contaminants:n.[环境]污染物;污垢物(contaminant的复数); eggshells:n.蛋壳;薄而易碎的东西; membranes:n.细胞膜(membrane的复数);薄膜;膜皮; placenta:n.[胚]胎盘;[植]胎座;
In fact, our invention -- by "our" I mean we mammals -- one of our big inventions was the placenta. 事实上,我们的发明,--我们意思是我们哺乳动物- 我们的大发明之一就是胎盘。
mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数)
But we also start out as aquatic organisms . 但我们也是从水中的有机体而来的。
aquatic:adj.水生的;水栖的;在水中或水面进行的;n.水上运动;水生植物或动物; organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体;
But it turns out that this ancient structure that separates us from other animals, the placenta, cannot evolve or adapt fast enough because of the rate that we're generating new chemicals that it's never seen before. 但事实证明这个古老的结构- 把我们从其他动物分开的结构,胎盘－ 并不能进化或快速适应 我们生产新化学制品的速度－ 一个前所未有的速度。
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成; adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应; generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词)
The evidence of that is that studies in rats, again with atrazine, show that the hormone imbalance atrazine generates causes abortion . 老鼠身上再次用过阿特拉津的研究证据 显示荷尔蒙不平衡的阿特拉津,会导致流产。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; generates:[计]生成;发生; abortion:n.流产,小产;流产的胎儿;(计划等)失败,夭折;
Because maintaining a pregnancy is dependent on hormones . 因为维护怀孕是依靠荷尔蒙。
maintaining:n.维护;保养;v.维持;保养;(maintain的现在分词) pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长; dependent on:依赖于;依靠; hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数);
Of those rats that don't abort, atrazine causes prostate disease in the pups so the sons are born with an old man's disease. 当然老鼠不会流产, 阿特拉津引起幼崽 前列腺疾病 所以说小老鼠一出生就患有老年病。
prostate:adj.前列腺的;n.[解剖]前列腺; pups:n.[脊椎]小狗;幼兽(pup复数);
Of those that don't abort, atrazine causes impaired mammary , or breast, development in the exposed daughters in utero , so that their breast don't develop properly. 对那些不流产的, 阿特拉津会导致不可恢复的乳房受损 在子宫内就遭到阿特拉津接触的女儿们, 她们的乳房不可能正常发育。
impaired:adj.受损的;v.损害(impair的过去式和过去分词); mammary:adj.乳腺的;[解剖]乳房的; utero:子宫;
And as a result, when those rats grow up, their pups experience retarded growth and development because they can't make enough milk to nourish their pups. 结果是,这些老鼠成长时, 他们的幼崽会经历成长发育缓慢。 因为她们没有足够的奶水来喂养幼崽。
retarded:adj.迟钝的;弱智的;v.阻碍;减缓(retard的过去分词和过去式) nourish:vt.滋养;怀有;使健壮;
So the pup you see on the bottom is affected by atrazine that its grandmother was exposed to. 你们看到的最下面的小老鼠受的影响 源自它的祖母被暴露于阿特拉津。
And given the life of many of these chemicals, generations, years, dozens of years, that means that we right now are affecting the health of our grandchildren's grandchildren by things that we're putting into the environment today. 受这些化学制品影响的的生命, 一代代,一年年,成年累月, 可以说我们今天 会影响到我们孙子的孙子 那一代人的健康 通过现在投入到环境里的东西。
And this is not just philosophical , it's already known, that chemicals like diethylstilbestrol and estrogen, 这并不只是哲理性的,已经众所周知, 化学制品,诸如己烯雌酚,雌激素,
philosophical:adj.哲学的(等于philosophic);冷静的;
PCBs, DDT cross the placenta and effectively determine the likelihood of developing breast cancer and obesity and diabetes already when the baby's in the womb . PCBs（多氯联苯）,DDT（滴滴涕）等 能够穿过胎盘 有效地决定 子宫内胎儿的乳腺癌的发展 以及肥胖和糖尿病 可能性。
determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; likelihood:n.可能性,可能; womb:n.[解剖]子宫;发源地;vt.容纳;
In addition to that, after the baby's born, our other unique invention as mammals is that we nourish our offspring after they're born. 除此之外,婴儿出生后, 我们哺乳动物的另一个独特的发明 是我们要喂养出世的宝宝。
In addition to:除…之外; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; offspring:n.后代,子孙;产物;
We already know that chemicals like DDT and DES and atrazine can also pass over into milk, again, affecting our babies even after their born. 我们都已知道化学制品 像DDT,DES（己烯雌酚）和阿特拉津 都能透过容器进入奶水, 在宝宝出生后 还能影响他们。
PJC: So when Tyrone tells me that the placenta is an ancient organ, PJC:所以当Tyrone告诉我, 胎盘是个古老的器官,
I'm thinking, how do I demonstrate that? 我就想怎么样来展示它呢？
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威;
How do you show that? 如何来表现呢？
And it's interesting when you make a film like this, because you're stuck trying to visualize science that there's no visualization for. 拍电影时有趣的是, 你一直在想用视觉来展示 无法视觉化的科学。
visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现; visualization:n.形象化;清楚地呈现在心;
And I have to take a little bit of artistic license . 我只得借助一点艺术特权。
artistic:adj.艺术的;风雅的;有美感的; license:v.许可;批准;
(Video) (Ringing) （视频）（响铃）
Old man: Placenta control. 老者:这里是胎盘指挥部。
What is it? 胎盘指挥部是什么？
Oh what? 什么？
(Snoring) （打呼声）
(Honk) （按喇叭声）
Puffuffuff, what? 全,全,全--什么？
Perflourooctanoic acid. 全氟辛酸。
Blimey. 啊呀。
Never heard of it. 没听说过。
PJC: And neither had I actually before I started making this film. PJC:我在开始拍这部影片的时候 也没听说过。
And so when you realize that chemicals can pass the placenta and go into your unborn child, it made me start to think, what would my fetus say to me? 当你意识到化学成分会穿过胎盘 进入你未出世的婴孩, 这让我开始思考, 我的胎儿要对我说什么？
unborn:adj.未来的;未诞生的; fetus:n.胎儿,胎;
What would our unborn children say to us when they have an exposure that's happening everyday, day after day ? 当我们未出世的孩子们 每天都被暴露于化学品之中, 他们会对我们说什么？
day after day:日复一日;
(Music) （音乐）
(Video) Child: Today, （视频）小孩:今天,
I had some octyphenols, some artificial musks and some bisphenol A. 我吃了些辛基酚, 吃了些人造麝香 和一些双酚A。
artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的; musks:n.麝香;麝香鹿;麝香香味;
Help me. 救救我！
PJC: It's a very profound notion to know that we as women are at the vanguard of this. PJV:我们女人 是站在前沿, 知道这点有很深的意义。
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; notion:n.观念;信念;理解; vanguard:先锋盾;n.前锋科学卫星;
This is our issue, because we collect these compounds our entire life and then we end up dumping it and dumping them into our unborn children. 这是我们的问题, 因为我们有毕生时间收集了这些化合物 最终把它们倒给 我们为未出世的孩子。
dumping:n.倾倒,倾卸;v.丢弃,扔掉;抛弃;抛售;(dump的现在分词)
We are in effect polluting our children. 我们实际上 在污染我们的孩子。
And this was something that was really brought home to me a year ago when I found out I was pregnant and the first scan revealed that my baby had a birth defect associated with exposure to estrogenic chemicals in the womb and the second scan revealed no heartbeat . 这就是一年前发生在我身上的事。 我知道怀孕后 做的第一次扫描就显示 我的宝宝有先天性缺陷, 是与子宫里的 含雌性激素的化学成分有关。 第二次的扫描 宝宝没有心跳。
revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式) heartbeat:n.心跳;情感;
So my child's death, my baby's death, really brought home the resonance of what I was trying to make in this film. 我的孩子的死,我宝宝的死亡 真正引起我要拍这部电影的共鸣。
resonance:n.[力]共振;共鸣;反响;
And it's sometimes a weird place when the communicator becomes part of the story, which is not what you originally intend . 有时很奇怪, 本来不在计划之中的传播者 却成了故事的一部分。
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神; communicator:n.传播者;发报机;通信员; originally:adv.原来;起初; intend:v.打算;计划;想要;
And so when Tyrone talks about the fetus being trapped in a contaminated environment, this is my contaminated environment. 当Tyrone讲 胎儿被困在受污染的环境里, 这个就是我的被污染了环境。
trapped:adj.受困的;受限制的;v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;(trap的过去分词和过去式) contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式)
This is my toxic baby. 这是我的中了毒的宝宝。
And that's something that's just profound and sad, but astonishing because so many of us don't actually know this. 这件事 很深刻和令人伤心的 但令人吃惊的 是因为我们很多人还不知道。
TH: One of this things that's exciting and appropriate for me to be here at TEDWomen is that, well, I think it was summed up best last night at dinner when someone said, "Turn to the man at your table and tell them, 'When the revolution starts, we've got your back.'" TH:能够来到TEDwomen对我 是很兴奋和合适的一件事, 昨天晚餐时有一位总结的很好, 他说:转身对你的邻座说 “当革命开始时,我们挺你。”
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; summed:v.归纳;总计;总结,概括;(sum的过去分词和过去式) revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
The truth is, women, you've had our back on this issue for a very long time, starting with Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" 事实是,女士们, 在这个问题上我们已经支持了很久。 从Rachel Carson（雷切尔·卡森）的《安静的春天》开始,
to Theo Colborn's "Our Stolen Future" 到Theo Colborn（泰奥·柯尔朋） 的《失窃的未来》,?
to Sandra Steingraber's books "Living Downstream " and "Having Faith ." 和Sandra Steingraber（桑德拉·斯坦格雷伯）的 《下游生活》和《相信》。
Downstream:adv.下游地;顺流而下;adj.下游的;顺流的; Faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
And perhaps it's the connection to our next generation -- like my wife and my beautiful daughter here about 13 years ago -- perhaps it's that connection that makes women activists in this particular area. 这也许是我们与下一代人的连系 就像13年前我太太和我漂亮的女儿, 也许这种连接 使更多的妇女活动家 投身到这个特殊的领域。
But for the men here, I want to say it's not just women and children that are at risk. 对这里的男士,我想说 并不只是妇女和孩子身处危险。
And the frogs that are exposed to atrazine, the testes are full of holes and spaces, because the hormone imbalance, instead of allowing sperm to be generated, such as in the testis here, the testicular tubules end up empty and fertility goes down by as much as 50 percent. 被暴露在阿特拉津的青蛙, 睾丸上布满洞和空隙, 由于荷尔蒙不平衡, 睾丸本来应该产生精子的, 这里的睾丸小管 却空空, 所以生育力跌落到50%。
sperm:n.精子;精液;鲸蜡油; testicular:adj.[解剖]睾丸的;睾丸状的; tubules:n.[植]小管;(动植物的)细管(tubule的复数); fertility:n.多产;肥沃;[农经]生产力;丰饶;
It's not just my work in amphibians, but similar work has been shown in fish in Europe, holes in the testes and absence of sperm in reptiles in a group from South America and in rats, an absence of sperm in the testicular tubules as well. 并不只是两栖动物, 在欧洲我们看到鱼类, 在南美我们也发现爬行类和老鼠 都存在睾丸穿孔, 无精子的情况。
absence:n.没有;缺乏;缺席;不注意; reptiles:n.爬行动物(reptile的复数);[脊椎]爬行类;爬虫类; South America:n.南美洲;
And of course, we don't do these experiments in humans, but just by coincidence , my colleague has shown that men who have low sperm count, low semen quality have significantly more atrazine in their urine . 当然,我们不在人身上做试验。 但巧的是, 我的同事发现 精子数量和质量都低下的男士的尿样里 含有较高的阿特拉津。
coincidence:n.巧合,巧事;同时存在;并存;相同; colleague:n.同事,同僚; semen:n.精液;精子; significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地; urine:n.尿;
These are just men who live in an agricultural community . 这些男士都居住 在农业社区。
agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Men who actually work in agriculture have much higher levels of atrazine. 从事农业的男士 含有更高水平的阿特拉津。
And the men who actually apply atrazine have even more atrazine in their urine, up to levels that are 24,000 times what we know to be active are present in the urine of these men. 那些实际上喷洒阿特拉津的人, 尿液里的阿特拉津的含量 是我们能够测出的现有的人 的24000倍。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
Of course, most of them, 90 percent are Mexican, Mexican-American. 当然,其中90%的是墨西哥人和墨西哥-美国人。
And it's not just atrazine they're exposed to. 他们并不只接触阿特拉津。
They're exposed to chemicals like chloropicrin , which was originally used as a nerve gas. 他们也接触本来用作神经毒气的化学制品 例如氯化苦。
chloropicrin:n.氯化苦;氯化苦杀虫剂; nerve:n.神经;勇气;神经质;神经紧张;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神;
And many of these workers have life expectancies of only 50. 这些工人很多 只能活到50岁。
expectancies:n.期望,期待;
It shouldn't come to any surprise that the things that happen in wildlife are also a warning to us, just like Rachel Carson and others have warned. 并不吃惊野生动物 也在警告我们, 就像雷切尔·卡森和别的科学家都已警告过一样。
As evident in this slide from Lake Nabugabo in Uganda , the agricultural runoff from this crop, which goes into these buckets , is the sole source of drinking, cooking and bathing water for this village. 这张幻灯片的证据来自乌干达的那布加波湖, 农作物的流出物 接进到这些水桶, 这是这个村的唯一水源,用来饮用,做饭和梳洗。
evident:adj.明显的;明白的; Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家); runoff:n.[水文]径流;决赛;流走的东西;adj.决胜的; buckets:n.大桶状物; v.拼命划桨; (bucket的第三人称单数和复数) sole:n.鞋底; adj.仅有的; v.给(鞋)换底; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; bathing:n.游泳,畅游;v.给…洗澡;洗澡;(bath的现在分词)
Now if I told the men in this village that the frogs have pour immune function and eggs developing in their testes, the connection between environmental health and public health would be clear. 如果我告诉这个村里的人, 青蛙有免疫功能问题, 它们的睾丸里长有卵子, 那么环境健康和公众健康的关系 就显而易见了。
pour:v.倒; n.流出; (已熔金属的)一次浇注量; immune:adj.免疫的;免于…的,免除的;n.免疫者;免除者;
You would not drink water that you knew was having this kind of impact on the wildlife that lived in it. 你不会去喝你知道会影响 野生动物的水。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
The problem is, in my village, Oakland , in most of our villages, we don't see that connection. 问题是,在奥克兰我的村里, 在我们大多数的村子里 我们看不到这种关系。
Oakland:n.奥克兰(美国加州西部城市);
We turn on the faucet , the water comes out, we assume it's safe, and we assume that we are masters of our environment, rather than being part of it. 我们打开水龙头,水就出来,我们就认为它是安全的。 我们自以为是环境的主人, 而不是当中的一部分。
faucet:n.旋塞;插口; assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现;
PJC: So it doesn't take much to realize that actually this is an environmental issue. PJC:不难看出 这实际上是个环境问题。
And I kept thinking over and over again this question. 我曾反复思考 这个问题。
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地;
We know so much about global warming and climate change, and yet, we have no concept of what I've been calling internal environmentalism . 我们知道全球温暖化和气候变化 但我们对 我一直称呼的内部环境保护论一无所知。
global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; environmentalism:n.环境保护论;
We know what we're putting out there, we have a sense of those repercussions , but we are so ignorant of this sense of what happens when we put things, or things are put into our bodies. 我们很清楚我们在往外放什么东西, 我们也感觉到它们的影响, 我们却忽视这种感觉 但当我们往外放东西发生什么 或吃东西时。
repercussions:n.反响,影响(repercussion的复数形式); ignorant:adj.无知的;愚昧的;
And it's my feeling and it's my urging being here to know that, as we women move forward as the communicators of this, but also as the ones who carry that burden of carrying the children, bearing the children, we hold most of the buying power in the household , is that it's going to be us moving forward to carry the work of Tyrone and other scientists around the world. 我的感受 和我的迫切, 让我们妇女要出去 作为传达者, 我们也要负担 养育孩子的重担, 我们是家庭的主要力量, 所以我们也要再走出一步 去承担一些Tyrone和世界的其它科学家们所做的工作。
communicators:n.交流者;通讯器(communicator的复数); burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; bearing:n.关系;影响;姿态;举止v.承受;忍受;承担责任;(bear的现在分词) household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
And my urging is that when we think about environmental issues that we remember that it's not just about melting glaciers and ice caps, but it's also about our children as well. 我的迫切要求是 当我们考虑环境问题的时候, 记住并不只是消融的冰川,冰冠, 也关乎我们的孩子。
melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词) glaciers:n.[地理][水文]冰川(glacier的复数);[地理][水文]冰河;
Thank you. 谢谢大家！
(Applause) （掌声）