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TritaParsi_2013G-_伊朗和以色列_和平是可能的_
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| '"Iran is Israel 's best friend, and we do not intend to change our position in relation to Tehran ." |
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Israel:n.以色列(亚洲国家);犹太人,以色列人; intend:v.打算;计划;想要; Tehran:n.德黑兰;
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| Believe it or not, this is a quote from an Israeli prime minister , but it's not Ben-Gurion or Golda Meir from the era of the Shah. |
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quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; Israeli:adj.以色列的;以色列人的;n.以色列人; prime minister:n.首相;总理; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
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| It's actually from Yitzhak Rabin. |
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| The year is 1987. |
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| Ayatollah Khomeini is still alive, and much like Ahmadinejad today, he's using the worst rhetoric against Israel. |
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Ayatollah:n.阿亚图拉(对伊朗等国伊斯兰教什叶派领袖的尊称); rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的;
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| Yet, Rabin referred to Iran as a geostrategic friend. |
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referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词) geostrategic:adj.地缘政治学的;
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| Today, when we hear the threats of war and the high rhetoric, we're oftentimes led to believe that this is yet another one of those unsolvable |
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oftentimes:adv.时常地; unsolvable:adj.不能解决的;不能溶解的;
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| Middle Eastern conflicts with roots as old as the region itself. |
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Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触; region:n.地区;范围;部位;
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| Nothing could be further from the truth, and I hope today to show you why that is. |
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| The relations between the Iranian and the Jewish people throughout history has actually been quite positive , starting in 539 B.C., when King Cyrus the Great of Persia liberated the Jewish people from their Babylonian captivity . |
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Iranian:adj.伊朗的;伊朗人的;伊朗语的;n.伊朗人;伊朗语; Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; liberated:adj.不受传统思想束缚的,开放的; v.解放; (liberate的过去式和过去分词) Babylonian:adj.巴比伦的;邪恶的;奢华堕落的;n.巴比伦人;迦勒底人;占星家; captivity:n.囚禁;被关;
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| A third of the Jewish population stayed in Babylonia. |
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| They're today's Iraqi Jews. |
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| A third migrated to Persia. |
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migrated:v.(随季节变化)迁徙;移居;迁移;移动;转移;(migrate的过去分词和过去式)
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| They're today's Iranian Jews, still 25,000 of them living in Iran, making them the largest Jewish community in the Middle East outside of Israel itself. |
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community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部);
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| And a third returned to historic Palestine, did the second rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem , financed, incidentally , by Persian tax money. |
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historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的; Jerusalem:n.耶路撒冷(以色列首都); incidentally:adv.顺便;偶然地;附带地; Persian:n.波斯人;波斯语;adj.波斯的;波斯人的;波斯语的;
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| But even in modern times, relations have been close at times. |
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| Rabin's statement was a reflection of decades of security and intelligence collaboration between the two, which in turn was born out of perception of common threats. |
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statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌; perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力;
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| Both states feared the Soviet Union and strong Arab states such as Egypt and Iraq. |
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Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人;
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| And, in addition , the Israeli doctrine of the periphery , the idea that Israel's security was best achieved by creating alliances with the non-Arab states in the periphery of the region in order to balance the Arab states in its vicinity. |
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addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; doctrine:n.主义;学说;教义;信条; periphery:n.外围,边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面; alliances:n.联盟,同盟;盟国(alliance的复数形式);联姻;
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| Now, from the Shah's perspective , though, he wanted to keep this as secret as possible, so when Yitzhak Rabin, for instance , traveled to Iran in the '70s, he usually wore a wig so that no one would recognize him. |
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perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; wig:n.假发;v.激动;发狂;使戴假发;斥责 recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
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| The Iranians built a special tarmac at the airport in Tehran, far away from the central terminal , so that no one would notice the large number of Israeli planes shuttling between Tel Aviv and Tehran. |
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Iranians:n.伊朗人(Iranian的复数形式); tarmac:n.柏油碎石路面;铺有柏油碎石的飞机跑道; airport:n.机场;航空港; terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的; shuttling:v.频繁往来;往返运送;(shuttle的现在分词)
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| Now, did all of this end with the Islamic revolution in 1979? |
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Islamic:adj.穆斯林的; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
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| In spite of the very clear anti-Israeli ideology of the new regime , the geopolitical logic for their collaboration lived on, because they still had common threats. |
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In spite of:尽管;不管,不顾; ideology:n.意识形态;思想意识;观念学; regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制; geopolitical:adj.地理政治学的; logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的;
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| And when Iraq invaded Iran in 1980, |
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invaded:v.入侵;拥入;遍布(invade的过去分词);adj.被侵入的;
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| Israel feared an Iraqi victory and actively helped Iran by selling it arms and providing it with spare parts for Iran's American weaponry at a moment when Iran was very vulnerable because of an American arms embargo that Israel was more than happy to violate . |
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spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件; weaponry:n.兵器,武器(总称); vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; embargo:vt.禁止出入港口;禁止或限制贸易;征用或扣押;n.禁令;禁止;封港令; violate:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等);侵犯(隐私等);亵渎;
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| In fact, back in the 1980s, it was Israel that lobbied Washington to talk to Iran, to sell arms to Iran, and not pay attention to Iran's anti-Israeli ideology. |
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lobbied:v.游说(从政者或政府);(lobby的过去分词和过去式) pay attention to:注意
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| And this, of course, climaxed in the Iran-Contra scandal of the 1980s. |
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climaxed:v.达成(或形成)极点(或顶点、高潮); (climax的过去分词和过去式) scandal:n.丑闻;流言蜚语;诽谤;公愤;
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| But with the end of the Cold War came also the end of the Israeli-Iranian cold peace. |
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| Suddenly, the two common threats that had pushed them closer together throughout decades, more or less evaporated . |
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more or less:或多或少; evaporated:adj.浓缩的;脱水的;蒸发干燥的;v.蒸发;消失(evaporate的过去式);失去水分;
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| The Soviet Union collapsed , |
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collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
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| Iraq was defeated, and a new environment was created in the region in which both of them felt more secure, but they were also now left unchecked . |
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unchecked:adj.未经核对的;未加抑制的;
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| Without Iraq balancing Iran, |
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| Iran could now become a threat, some in Israel argued. |
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| In fact, the current dynamic that you see between Iran and Israel has its roots more so in the geopolitical reconfiguration of the region after the Cold War than in the events of 1979, because at this point, Iran and Israel |
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dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; reconfiguration:n.重新配置,再组和;结构变形;
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| emerge as two of the most powerful states in the region, and rather than viewing each other as potential security partners, they increasingly came to view each other as rivals and competitors. |
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emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; rivals:n.对手(rival的复数);[劳经]竞争者;v.竞争(rival的三单形式);
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| So Israel, who in the 1980s lobbied for and improved U.S.-Iran relations now feared a U.S.-Iran rapprochement , thinking that it would come at Israel's security interests' expense , and instead sought to put Iran in increased isolation. |
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improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) rapprochement:n.友好;恢复邦交;友善关系的建立; expense:n.费用;开支;花费;开销; sought:v.seek(寻求、寻找)的过去式和过去分词形式;
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| Ironically , this was happening at a time when Iran was more interested in peacemaking with Washington than to see to Israel's destruction . |
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Ironically:adv.讽刺地;说反话地; peacemaking:n.调停;调解;adj.调停的;调解的; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
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| Iran had put itself in isolation because of its radicalism , and after having helped the United States indirectly in the war against Iraq in 1991, the Iranians were hoping that they would be rewarded by being included in the post-war security architecture of the region. |
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radicalism:n.激进主义; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) indirectly:adv.间接地;不诚实;迂回地; rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式) post-war:adj.战后的; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
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| But Washington chose to ignore Iran's outreach , as it would a decade later in Afghanistan , and instead moved to intensify Iran's isolation, and it is at this point, around 1993, '94, that Iran begins to translate its anti-Israeli ideology into operational policy . |
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ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬; outreach:vt.超越,伸出; vi.拓广,延伸; n.延伸,拓广; adj.扩大服务的; Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲); intensify:vi.增强,强化;变激烈;vt.使加强,使强化;使变激烈; translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; operational:adj.操作的;运作的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
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| The Iranians believed that whatever they did, even if they moderated their policies , the U.S. would continue to seek Iran's isolation, and the only way Iran could compel Washington to change its position was by imposing a cost on the U.S. if it didn't. |
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moderated:adj.慢化的,适中的; v.缓和,节制(moderate的过去分词); n.指该讨论区设有信件区管理人; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求; compel:v.强迫;迫使;使必须;引起(反应); imposing:adj.壮观的; v.推行,采用; (impose的现在分词)
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| The easiest target was the peace process , and now the Iranian ideological bark was to be accompanied by a nonconventional bite, and Iran began supporting extensively |
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peace process:n.和平进程; ideological:adj.思想的;意识形态的; bark:n.树皮; v.(狗)吠叫; accompanied:v.陪同;陪伴;与…同时发生;为…伴奏;(accompany的过去式和过去分词) nonconventional:非常规;非常规固体;非常规组分 extensively:adv.广阔地;广大地;
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| Palestinian Islamist groups that it previously had shunned . |
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Palestinian:adj.巴勒斯坦的;巴勒斯坦人的;n.巴勒斯坦人; Islamist:n.伊斯兰教主义者;回教教徒; previously:adv.先前;以前; shunned:v.避开;回避;避免;(shun的过去分词和过去式)
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| In some ways, this sounds paradoxical , but according to Martin Indyk of the Clinton administration, the Iranians had not gotten it entirely wrong, because the more peace there would be between Israel and Palestine, the U.S. believed, the more Iran would get isolated . |
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paradoxical:adj.矛盾的;诡论的;似非而是的; according to:根据,据说; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
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| The more Iran got isolated, the more peace there would be. |
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| So according to Indyk, and these are his words, the Iranians had an interest to do us in on the peace process in order to defeat our policy of containment . |
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containment:n.包含;牵制;容量;密闭度;抑制,牵制;牵制[遏制]政策;
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| To defeat our policy of containment, not about ideology. |
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| But throughout even the worst times of their entanglement , all sides have reached out to each other. |
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entanglement:n.纠缠;铁丝网;缠绕物;牵连;
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| Netanyahu, when he got elected in 1996, reached out to the Iranians to see if there were any ways that the doctrine of the periphery could be resurrected . |
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resurrected:使复活;使(断层等)复露;复苏(resurrect的过去式和过去分词);
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| Tehran was not interested. |
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| A few years later, the Iranians sent a comprehensive negotiation proposal to the Bush administration, a proposal that revealed that there was some potential of getting Iran and Israel back on terms again. |
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comprehensive:adj.综合的;广泛的;有理解力的;n.综合学校;专业综合测验; negotiation:n.谈判;转让;顺利的通过; proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚; Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式)
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| The Bush administration did not even respond . |
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respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
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| All sides have never missed an opportunity to miss an opportunity. |
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| But this is not an ancient conflict. |
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| This is not even an ideological conflict. |
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| The ebbs and flows of hostility have not shifted with ideological zeal , but rather with changes in the geopolitical landscape . |
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ebbs:n.衰落; v.退落; (ebb的第三人称单数) hostility:n.敌意;战争行动; shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); zeal:n.热情;热心;热诚; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
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| When Iran and Israel's security imperatives dictated collaboration, they did so in spite of lethal ideological opposition to each other. |
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imperatives:n.祈使句;命令句;adj.必要的,紧急的;命令的; dictated:adj.口述的(dictate的过去分词);v.口述(dictate的过去分词); lethal:adj.致命的,致死的;n.致死因子; opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗;
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| When Iran's ideological impulses collided with its strategic interests, the strategic interests always prevailed . |
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impulses:n.[心理]冲动; v.推动(impulse的第三人称单数); collided:v.碰撞,冲突(collide的过去分词); prevailed:v.普遍存在;盛行;流行;被接受;战胜;压倒;(prevail的过去分词和过去式)
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| This is good news, because it means that neither war nor enmity is a foregone conclusion . |
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enmity:n.敌意;憎恨; foregone conclusion:注定的结果,不可避免的结果;
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| But some want war. |
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| Some believe or say that it's 1938, |
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| Iran is Germany, and Ahmadinejad is Hitler. |
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| If we accept this to be true, that indeed it is 1938, Iran is Germany, |
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| Ahmadinejad is Hitler, then the question we have to ask ourself is, who wishes to play the role of Neville Chamberlain ? |
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ourself:pron.我们;自己; Chamberlain:n.管家;宫廷大臣;(村镇的)掌管财物的人;
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| Who will risk peace? |
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| This is an analogy that is deliberately aimed at eliminating diplomacy , and when you eliminate diplomacy , you make war inevitable . |
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analogy:n.类比;类推;类似; deliberately:adv.故意地;谨慎地;慎重地; eliminating:v.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;(eliminate的现在分词) diplomacy:n.外交;外交手腕;交际手段; eliminate:v.消除;排除; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
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| In an ideological conflict, there can be no truce , no draw, no compromise , only victory or defeat. |
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truce:n.停战;休战;休战协定;vt.以休战结束;停止争执;vi.停战; compromise:n.妥协;折中;互让;和解;v.妥协;违背(原则);达不到(标准);使陷入危险;
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| But rather than making war inevitable by viewing this as ideological, we would be wise to seek ways to make peace possible. |
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| Iran and Israel's conflict is a new phenomenon , only a few decades old in a history of 2,500 years, and precisely because its roots are geopolitical, it means that solutions can be found, compromises can be struck, however difficult it yet may be. |
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phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); compromises:n.妥协; v.妥协;
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| After all, it was Yitzhak Rabin himself who said, "You don't make peace with your friends. |
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make peace with:与…言归于好;与…讲和;休战;
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| You make it with your enemies." |
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| Thank you. |
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| (Applause) |
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