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TrevorTimm_2016U-_出版界究竟多么自由?_
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So this is James Risen. |
这是詹姆斯·瑞森。 |
You may know him as the Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for The New York Times. |
他是纽约时报的记者因获得普利策奖 被大家所熟知。 |
Pulitzer:n.普利策; Prize-winning:获奖的;
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Long before anybody knew Edward Snowden 's name, |
在大家还没听说过爱德华·斯诺登的时候, |
Snowden:n.斯诺登(姓氏);
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Risen wrote a book in which he famously exposed that the NSA was illegally wiretapping the phone calls of Americans. |
瑞森因为写了一本揭露美国国家安全局非法窃听 美国民众通话的书而备受瞩目。 |
famously:adv.著名地;极好地; exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) illegally:adv.非法地; wiretapping:n.窃听;窃听器;adj.搭线窃听的;
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But it's another chapter in that book that may have an even more lasting impact . |
但是在那本书的另一章节 可能有着更深远的影响。 |
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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In it, he describes a catastrophic US intelligence operation in which the CIA quite literally handed over blueprints of a nuclear bomb to Iran. |
那里他描述了美国情报部门的一次灾难性的行动, 上面说中情局把核弹的设计图 交给了伊朗。 |
describes:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;(describe的第三人称单数) catastrophic:adj.灾难的;悲惨的;灾难性的,毁灭性的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: blueprints:n.[印刷]蓝图; v.绘…的蓝图; nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的;
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If that sounds crazy, go read it. |
如果你觉得太疯狂你可以去读一下。 |
It's an incredible story. |
真是难以置信。 |
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
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But you know who didn't like that chapter? |
谁不喜欢那一章? |
The US government. |
美国政府。 |
For nearly a decade afterwards, |
将近十年之后, |
Risen was the subject of a US government investigation in which prosecutors demanded that he testify against one of his alleged sources . |
瑞森成为了美国政府调查的主要人物 这次调查中检查方要求他 对于他所谓的消息来源做不利的证明。 |
prosecutors:n.检查官;告发者(prosecutor的复数); testify:v.证明,证实;作证; alleged:adj.宣称的;涉嫌的;v.断言,指称,声称;(allege的过去分词和过去式) sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数)
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And along the way, he became the face for the US government's recent pattern of prosecuting whistleblowers and spying on journalists . |
他逐渐被推到了美国政府起诉和监视新闻举报 一系列行动的风口浪尖上。 |
prosecuting:v.起诉;控告;检举;担任控方律师;继续从事(或参与);(prosecute的现在分词) whistleblowers:告发者;检举者; journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数);
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You see, under the First Amendment , the press has the right to publish secret information in the public interest. |
在第一修正案下 为了公众利益新闻界有权报道各种秘密的消息 |
First Amendment:n.美国宪法第一修正案(保护言论与信仰自由以及和平集会权); publish:v.出版;发表;公布;
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But it's impossible to exercise that right if the media can't also gather that news and protect the identities of the brave men and women who get it to them. |
但是如果媒体无法收集消息 无法保护自己勇敢的线人就没有办法行使 自己的权利。 |
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; identities:n.身份;本身;本体;特征;同一性;相同;(identity的复数)
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So when the government came knocking, |
所以当政府人员找上门的时候 |
Risen did what many brave reporters have done before him: he refused and said he'd rather go to jail . |
瑞森像以前很多勇敢的记者一样 他拒绝提供任何信息。 他说他宁愿坐牢。 |
jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
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So from 2007 to 2015, |
2007年到2015年, |
Risen lived under the specter of going to federal prison. |
瑞森在监视下开始了联邦监狱的生活。 |
specter:n.幽灵;妖怪;恐怖之物; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
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That is, until just days before the trial, when a curious thing happened. |
就在审判前几天奇怪的事情发生了。 |
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
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Suddenly, after years of claiming it was vital to their case, the government dropped their demands to Risen altogether. |
突然在坚持瑞森是本案关键几年之后, 政府放弃了对瑞森的所有的要求。 |
claiming:v.声称;要求给予;理应获得;(claim的现在分词) vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的;
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It turns out, in the age of electronic surveillance , there are very few places reporters and sources can hide. |
实际上在电子监控的年代, 记者和线人无处可逃。 |
electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; surveillance:n.监督;监视;
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And instead of trying and failing to have Risen testify, they could have his digital trail testify against him instead. |
与其一次次要求瑞森举证又被一次次拒绝, 政府选择用他的电子记录来做不利证明。 |
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; trail:v.(被)拖,拉;疲惫地走,磨蹭;落后,失败;n.痕迹;踪迹;小路;路线;
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So completely in secret and without his consent , prosecutors got Risen's phone records. |
在完全机密且未经同意的情况下, 检查方拿到了瑞森的电话记录 |
consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成;
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They got his email records, his financial and banking information, his credit reports, even travel records with a list of flights he had taken. |
邮箱记录和财产及银行信息, 他的信用记录, 甚至他所乘坐的航班记录列表。 |
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
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And it was among this information that they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling, |
用上述的信息他们确认杰弗里·斯特林 |
convict:vt.证明…有罪;宣告…有罪;n.罪犯;
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Risen's alleged source and CIA whistleblower. |
就是瑞森的消息来源也是中情局的告发者。 |
Sadly, this is only one case of many. |
很遗憾,这样的事情有很多。 |
President Obama ran on a promise to protect whistleblowers, and instead, his Justice Department has prosecuted more than all other administrations combined. |
奥巴马总统承诺保护告发者, 而相反地,他的司法部门逮捕的告发者 比之前的总统加起来还多。 |
Justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; prosecuted:v.起诉;控告;检举;(prosecute的过去式和过去分词)
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Now, you can see how this could be a problem, especially because the government considers so much of what it does secret. |
这就是一个巨大的问题, 尤其当政府对于保护他们的秘密如此重视的时候。 |
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
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Since 9/11, virtually every important story about national security has been the result of a whistleblower coming to a journalist. |
自9.11之后,基本上所有关于国家安全的重大新闻 都是由线人提供给记者的。 |
virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上;
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So we risk seeing the press unable to do their job that the First Amendment is supposed to protect because of the government's expanded ability to spy on everyone. |
所以因为政府的监视遍布所有人, 我们很难看到新闻界行使 第一修正案赋予他们的权利。 |
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式);
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But just as technology has allowed the government to circumvent reporters' rights, the press can also use technology to protect their sources even better than before. |
不过正如科技让政府 监视记者们的一举一动一样, 新闻界也可以利用科技 更好地保护他们的线人。 |
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; circumvent:vt.包围;陷害;绕行;
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And they can start from the moment they begin speaking with them, rather than on the witness stand after the fact. |
而且保护可以从第一次的对话开始, 而不是庭审在站上证人席的时候。 |
witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证;
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Communications software now exists that wasn't available when Risen was writing his book, and is much more surveillance-resistant than regular emails or phone calls. |
现在很多通信软件 是瑞森写他的书时所没有的, 而且反监视能力比常规的邮件和电话好很多。 |
For example, one such tool is SecureDrop, an open-source whistleblower submission system that was originally created by the late Internet luminary Aaron Swartz, |
比如有一款叫做SecureDrop的软件, 这是一款开源的检举揭发系统 由亚伦·斯沃茨,一位已故的互联网大师创造。 |
open-source:adj.(计算机)开放源代码; submission:n.投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭; originally:adv.原来;起初; luminary:n.发光体;杰出人物;知识渊博的人;
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and is now developed at the non-profit where I work, |
在我所工作的地方新闻自由基金会 |
non-profit:adj.非营利的;
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Freedom of the Press Foundation . |
开发使用。 |
Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
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Instead of sending an email, you go to a news organization 's website, like this one here on The Washington Post. |
不采取发邮件的方式 你可以去某个新闻机构的网站, 比如这里的华盛顿邮报。 |
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
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From there, you can upload a document or send information much like you would on any other contact form. |
在这里你可以上传文档或发送信息 就想用其他方式传递信息一样。 |
upload:v.上传; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
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It'll then be encrypted and stored on a server that only the news organization has access to. |
消息会被加密存放在服务器中 只有新闻机构的人可以查看。 |
encrypted:v.把…加密(或编码);(encrypt的过去式和过去分词)
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So the government can no longer secretly demand the information, and much of the information they would demand wouldn't be available in the first place . |
所以政府再也无法秘密追踪这些信息, 就算追踪到了信息 也不知道最初来自哪里。 |
in the first place:首先;起初;
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SecureDrop, though, is really only a small part of the puzzle for protecting press freedom in the 21st century. |
SecureDrop只是21世纪保护新闻自由 的一块小小的拼图。 |
puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑;
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Unfortunately , governments all over the world are constantly developing new spying techniques that put us all at risk. |
不过世界各地的政府 也无时无刻不在开发新的监视技术 让我们更加危险。 |
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
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And it's up to us going forward to make sure that it's not just the tech-savvy whistleblowers, like Edward Snowden, who have an avenue for exposing wrongdoing . |
所以让我们努力前行 不仅仅保护高科技的告发者 像斯诺登一样有自己的渠道揭露恶行的告发者 |
avenue:n.途径;(城镇的)大街;林荫道(尤指通往大住宅者);选择; exposing:v.暴露;显露;揭露;揭穿;使面临;(expose的现在分词) wrongdoing:n.不法行为;坏事;作恶;欺骗行径;
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It's just as vital that we protect the next veteran's health care whistleblower alerting us to overcrowded hospitals, or the next environmental worker sounding the alarm about Flint's dirty water, or a Wall Street insider warning us of the next financial crisis . |
也要保护那些提醒我们医院过于拥挤的 揭发退伍老兵医疗卫生问题的告发者 保护那些对弗林特市污水 敲响警钟的环卫工人 保护那些让我们警惕 下一次金融危机的华尔街线人。 |
health care:n.卫生保健; alerting:v.向…报警;使警觉;使警惕;使认识到(alert的现在分词) overcrowded:adj.过度拥挤的;v.拥挤(overcrowd的过去分词); Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地); insider:n.内部的人,会员;熟悉内情者; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
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After all, these tools weren't just built to help the brave men and women who expose crimes, but are meant to protect all of our rights under the Constitution . |
所以,这些工具不是为了保护那些勇敢的敢于 揭露罪行的线人们 而是为了保护宪法下所有人应有的权利。 |
Constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成;
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Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
(Applause) |
(掌声) |