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TracieKeesee_2018S-_警方和民众要如何一起创造出更安全的邻坊_
You know, my friends, I look at this photograph and I have to ask myself, you know, I think I've seen this somewhere before. 你知道嗎,我的朋友們, 每當我看著這張照片時, 我都要問我自己, 我是不是以前在什麼 地方見過這景象。
People marching in the street for justice . 人群在街頭為了正義而遊行。
justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
But I know it's not the same photograph that I would have seen, because I wouldn't take my oath to be a police officer until 1989. 但我知道我看到的 不是同一張照片, 因為我直到 1989 年 才宣誓成為警員。
oath:n.誓言,誓约;诅咒,咒骂; police officer:n.警官;警察;警务人员;
And I've been in the business for over 25 years. 我做這一行已經超過 25 年了。
And identifying as an African-American woman, 而身為非裔美國女子,
identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词) African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人);
I know things have gotten better. 我知道一切已經有所好轉。
But even as I learned about public safety, 但即使我學過公共安全相關的事情,
I wondered if what I was doing on the street was hurting or harming the community . 我也納悶我在街頭所做的事 是否會傷害或危害到社區。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And I often wondered if, you know, how did they perceive me, this woman in uniform ? 我常常納悶,居民們對 我這個穿制服的女人 到底有什麼樣的感受？
perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为; uniform:adj.统一的;一致的;相同的;始终如一的;n.制服;v.使穿制服;使成一样;
But there is one thing that I knew. 但是我知道一件事。
I knew there was a way that we could do this, probably, different or better. 我知道有一種方式,或許可以 讓我們做得不同或更好——
A way that preserved dignity and guaranteed justice. 一種保護尊嚴且保證正義的方式。
preserved:v.保护;维护;保留;保存;保养;(preserve的过去式和过去分词) dignity:n.尊严;高贵; guaranteed:adj.必然的; v.保证;
But I also knew that police could not do it alone. 但我也知道,只靠警方是不夠的。
It's the coproduction of public safety. 它是公共安全的共同生產。
coproduction:n.合拍影片;共同生产;共同制作;
There is a lot of history with us. 我們的歷史淵源由來已久 。
You know, we know loss. 我們經歷過許多損失。
The relationship between the African American community and the police is a painful one. 非裔美國社區和警方之間的關係,
African American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
Often filled with mistrust . 通常充滿了對彼此的不信任。
mistrust:vt.猜疑;不信任;n.猜疑;疑虑;不信任
It has been studied by social scientists, it has been studied by government, all both promising, you know, hopeful new ways and long-term fixes. 這個課題已經被社會科學家研究過, 被政府研究過, （研究結果）看起來都很有前景, 比如充滿希望的長期解決方案。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
But all we want is to be safe. 但我們要的只是保障安全。
And our safety is intertwined . 我們的安全彼此連結。
intertwined:adj.缠绕的;错综复杂的;v.使缠结,缠绕(intertwine的过去式);
And that we know, in order to have great relationships and relationships built on trust, that we're going to have to have communication. 我們也知道, 如果要建立起很好的關係, 一個以信任為基礎的關係, 我們就需要溝通。
And in this advent and this text of the world that we've got going on, trying to do this with social media , it's a very difficult thing to do. 在當今的現實社會中, 試著透過社交媒體來做這件事 是非常困難的。
advent:n.到来;出现;基督降临;基督降临节; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
We also have to examine our current policing practices, and we have to set those things aside that no longer serve us. 我們也必須檢討目前 警方執法的方式, 且要把不再適用的部分放到一邊。
So, in New York, that meant "stop, question and frisk ." 在紐約,那就意味著 「停下、問問題、搜身。」
frisk:v.搜身;搜(某人)的身;活蹦乱跳;n.(猫儿等)欢跃;快活的时刻;搜身
That meant really holding up the numbers as opposed to relationships. 那就意味著重視數字而不是關係。
holding up:举起;阻挡;拦截(holdup的现在分词形式); opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式)
And it really didn't allow the officers the opportunity to get to know the community in which they serve. 而（這種做法）也讓警員沒有機會 去了解他們所服務的社區。
But you see, there is a better way. 但其實,有更好的方式。
And we know -- it's called coproduction. 我們知道——它叫做共同生產。
So in the 1970s, Elinor Ostrom came up with this theory, really called coproduction, and this is how it works. 七○年代,伊莉諾?歐斯壯 提出了這個理論, 就叫做共同生產, 它的運作方式如下。
You bring people into the space that come with separate expertise , and you also come with new ideas and lived experience, and you produce a new knowledge. 把大家帶到一個空間中, 他們有著不同的專長, 你也會帶來新的點子 和過去的經驗, 然後你會產生新的知識出來。
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见;
And when you produce that new knowledge, and you apply this theory to public safety, you produce a new type of public safety. 當你產生了新知識, 就把這個理論應用到公共安全上, 就會產生出新式的公共安全。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
And so, in New York, it feels like this. 所以,在紐約,感覺就像這樣。
It is called building relationships, literally one block at a time. 它叫做建立關係,且真的是 一次一個街區來建立。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
And it's "Build the Block." 它叫做「建立街區」。
So this is how it works. 它的運作方式如下。
You go to buildtheblock.nyc, you put in your address. 你先到 buildtheblock.nyc 這個網站上,填入你的地址。
And up pops location , date and time of your neighborhood meeting. 接著就會跳出你所屬鄰坊的 會議的地點、日期、時間。
location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位 neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
The important part of this is you've got to go to the meeting. 重要的在於你必須要去參加會議。
And once you go to that meeting, there, of course, will be NYPD, along with officers and other community members. 一旦你去了會議, 當然,紐約市警局也會在那裡, 還會有警員以及社區的其他成員。
What's important about bringing, now, the lived experience into this space to produce new knowledge is that we have to have a new way of delivering it. 若要將過去的經驗帶到 這個空間中來產生新知識, 很重要的一點就是 我們必須要有新的方式來實現它。
So the new way of delivering it is through what we call neighborhood coordinating officers, or NCOs. 所以,實現它的新方式 就是透過我們所謂的 鄰坊協調員,簡稱 NCO。
coordinating:v.使协调;使相配合;搭配,协调;(coordinate的现在分词)
And so, also in this meeting are the NCOs, the what we call 911 response cars, sector cars, detectives , all of us working together to collaborate in this new way to reduce crime. 鄰坊協調員也會出席這場會議, 我們所謂的一一九應變急救車、 巡邏車、警探, 我們都會同心協力使用這種新方法 來減少犯罪。
response:n.响应;反应;回答; sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形; detectives:n.侦探;警探;私人侦探;(detective的复数) collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌;
And what's interesting about this is that we know that it works. 有趣的是,我們知道它行得通。
So, for example, in Washington Heights. 所以,比如,在華盛頓高地。
At a community meeting, there was a bar, up in Washington Heights, and the neighbors were complaining about outcry and noises. 在一場社區會議上, 談到華盛頓高地有一個酒吧, 居民們在抱怨那裡的喊叫聲和噪音。
complaining:adj.抱怨的;v.抱怨;控诉;(complain的现在分词) outcry:n.强烈抗议;大声疾呼;尖叫;倒彩;
So in their conversations with their NCO, they talked about, you know, sound barriers , different ways to sort of approach this. 所以,他們和 NCO 交談的時候, 他們就談到了隔音屏障, 不同的方式來處理噪音。
barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式); approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
Is there a different way we can direct traffic? 我們有不同的方式 可以指揮交通嗎？
And of course now they have relatively quieter bar nights. 當然,現在他們有相對 比較安靜的酒吧夜了。
relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地;
So, another issue that always comes up in neighborhoods is speeding. 在鄰坊總是會拿出來談的 另一個議題就是超速。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
How many of you in here have ever had a speeding ticket? 在座有多少人曾經 被開過超速罰單？
Raise your hand. 請舉手。
Oh, higher, come on! 喔,舉高點,拜託！
There's more than that, this is New York. 不只這樣,這是紐約。
So those are other issues that brought to the NCO. 那些議題也會被拿來和 NCO 談。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Speeding -- what the NCOs do is they collaborate with the Department of Transportation , they look at issues such as speed bumps and signage and all types of things. 超速—— NCO 的做法是 他們和交通部合作, 他們去研究像是減速路脊、
Transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; bumps:碰撞(bump的第三人称单数);碰撞(bump的复数); signage:n.引导标示;
And when we come together to create this different type of policing, it also feels different. 當我們聯手創造出 這種不同的警方執法方式, 感覺也會不太一樣。
The coproduction of public safety also means that officers need to understand the history and the power of their uniforms . 公共安全的共同生產也意味著 警員必須要了解 他們的制服有什麼歷史和權力。
uniforms:n.制服;军服;军人;v.使穿制服;(uniform的复数第三人称单词)
They're going to have to set aside old historical narratives that do not serve them well. 他們必須要把不適合的 古老歷史敘述 放到一邊去。
historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; narratives:n.叙述,故事;叙述的手法(narrative复数);
And that means they have to learn about implicit bias . 那就表示他們得要 了解內在的偏見。
implicit:adj.含蓄的;暗示的;盲从的; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
Implicit biases are shortcuts the brain makes without us really knowing it. 內在的偏見是大腦造成的截徑, 我們自己可能都不知道。
biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式); shortcuts:n.近路;捷径;快捷方式(图标);(shortcut的复数)
They're stereotypes that often influence our decision making. 它們是刻板印象, 通常會影響我們的決策。
stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数) influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
And so, you can imagine, for police officers who have to make split-second decisions can be a very detrimental decision-making point. 所以,你們可以想像, 警員得要在瞬間做出決策, 這可能是個非常不利的決策點。
split-second:adj.霎那间发生的,瞬间发生的; detrimental:adj.不利的;有害的;n.有害的人(或物);不受欢迎的求婚者; decision-making:n.决策;
That's why the NYPD, along with other departments throughout the United States, are training all of their officers in implicit bias. 那就是為什麼紐約市警局 以及美國各地其他警局 都在訓練他們的警員 認識內在偏見。
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
They have to understand that learning about their implicit biases, having good training, tactics and deescalation and understanding how it impacts your decision making makes us all safer. 他們必須要知道, 若能了解他們的內在偏見、 接受好的訓練、有好戰術、 降低衝突範圍, 並了解它會如何影響你的決策, 就能讓我們所有人更安全。
tactics:n.战术:策略:手段:兵法(tactic的复数) deescalation:v.逐步降级; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
We also know how officers are treated inside the organization impacts how they're going to behave with the community at large. 我們也知道知道在組織中 警員是如何被對待的, 這會影響到他們 在總體社區中的行為。
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; behave:v.表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用;
This is critical . 這很重要。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
Especially if you want to have a new way forward. 特別是在你想要用新方式 向前走的情況下。
Especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
And we know that we have to care for those folks that are on the frontline . 我們知道我們必須要 照顧在前線的那些人。
frontline:n.前线;锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋);
And they have to recognize their own trauma . 而他們必須要認出自己的創傷。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
And in order to do that, us as leaders have to lift them up and let them know that the narratives of being strong men and women -- you can set those aside, and it's OK to say you need help. 若要做到這一點,我們這些 領導的人就必須要將他們扶起來, 讓他們知道,成為堅強的 男性或女性這種觀念—— 可以放到一邊去, 向別人求助是沒關係的。
And we do that by providing peer support, employee assistance, mental health services. 我們的做法是提供同儕支持、 員工協助、心理健康服務。
peer:n.同辈;同龄人;身份(或地位)相同的人;(英国)贵族成员;v.仔细看;端详;
We make sure all of those things are in place, because without it -- it's a critical component to the coproduction of public safety. 我們確保所有這些都已經就緒, 因為若沒有它—— 公共安全的共同生產少不了它。
component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的;
Equally as important is that we also have social issues that are often laid at the feet of law enforcement . 還有一點也同樣重要, 我們也有些社會議題 通常都會被推給執法單位。
enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制;
So, for example, mental health and education. 比如,心理健康和教育。
Historically , we've been pulled into those spaces where we have not necessarily provided public safety but have enforced long, historical legislative racial desegregation . 在歷史上,我們被拉入這些空間, 在那些空間中,我們 不見得有提供公共安全, 但卻實施了長期、歷史久遠的 立法種族隔離政策。
Historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) enforced:adj.强迫的;强制性的;v.强制执行;迫使;(enforce的过去分词和过去式) legislative:adj.立法的;有立法权的;n.立法权;立法机构; racial:adj.种族的;人种的; desegregation:n.废止种族歧视;
We have to own our part in history. 我們得要在歷史上 扮演好自己的角色。
But we also have to have those folks at the table when we're talking about how do we move forward with coproduction. 但當我們談到我們要如何 向前邁進做到共同生產時,
But understanding this, we also have to understand that we need to have voices come to us in a different way. 但要了解一點, 我們也得要了解, 我們需要讓聲音來找我們, 且是以不同的方式。
We also have to recognize that the community may not be willing or ready to come to the table to have the conversation. 我們也得要承認, 社區不見得會願意或準備好 來參與、來對談。
And that's OK. 那沒關係。
We have to be able to accept that. 我們必須要能接受這一點。
By acknowledging it, it also means that we care for the community's health and for their resiliency as well. 承認這一點,也就意味著 我們不只在乎社區的健康, 也在乎它們的恢復力。
resiliency:n.弹性;跳回;
That's another key component. 那是另一個關鍵要素。
We also have to acknowledge that there are those folks that are in our community that are here -- they do want to do us harm. 我們也得要承認, 在我們的社區中也有一些人—— 他們確實想要傷害我們。
We also have to recognize that we have community members who did not get the benefits of a long-ago dream. 我們也得要承認,有一些社區成員 沒有得到過去夢想的益處。
long-ago:很久以前
We also have to acknowledge that we have put faith in a system that sometimes is broken, hoping that it would give us solutions for better. 我們也得要承認, 我們所相信的體制, 有時候並不完美, 而我們希望它會 讓我們的情況好轉。
faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
But we cannot walk away. 但我們不能轉頭離開。
Because there is a better way. 因為還有更好的方式。
And we know this because the NYPD's neighborhood policing philosophy is grounded in the coproduction of public safety. 我們知道這一點,是因為 紐約市警局在鄰坊執法的哲學 以公共安全的共同生產為基礎。
philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观;
And in order for us to move forward together, with our family, our friends and for our health, we have to make sure that we focus this way. 若我們要一起向前邁進, 和我們的家人、我們的朋友一起, 為了我們的健康, 那麼我們就得要確保 我們專注在這個方式上。
And in order to do that, there are three fundamental ideologies that we must all agree to. 若要這麼做, 我們都必須要認同 三項重要的意識形態。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; ideologies:意识形态;
Are you ready? 你們準備好了嗎？
Oh, I'm sorry, one more time -- are you ready? 喔,抱歉,再一次—— 你們準備好了嗎？
Audience: Yes! 觀眾:好了！ 講者:好多了。好。
Tracie Keesee: Now, that's better, alright. 第一:不要再 沉迷在「為什麼」中。
The first one: There's no more wallowing in the why.
wallowing:v.打滚,翻滚;沉湎;放纵(wallow的现在分词)
We know why. 我們知道為什麼。
We must move forward together. There's no more us versus them. 我們必須要一起向前邁進, 不再有「我們 vs. 他們」。
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
Number two: 第二:
We must embrace the lived experience and our histories, and we must make sure we never go back to a place where we cannot move forward. 我們必須要擁抱 過去的經驗和我們的歷史, 且我們必須要確保我們永遠不會
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
And number three: 第三:
We must also make sure that truth and telling facts is painful. 我們也必須要確保 真相和說事實是很痛苦的。
But we also know that no action is no longer acceptable . 但我們知道不採取行動 是不可接受的。
acceptable:adj.认同的;可接受的;令人满意的;
And agree? 同意嗎？ 觀眾:同意。
Audience: Yes. 講者:抱歉,我聽不見, 你們同意嗎？
TK: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't hear you, do you agree? 講者:抱歉,我聽不見, 你們同意嗎？
Audience: Yes!
TK: So we do know there is a better way. 講者:我們確實 知道有更好的方法。
And the better way is the coproduction of public safety. 更好的方法就是 公共安全的共同生產。
Thank you. 謝謝。
(Applause) （掌聲）