返回首页

ToniMac_2016X-_性工作者渴望的法律_
I want to talk about sex for money. 如果你被抓到持有避孕套警察就可以逮捕你,
I'm not like most of the people you'll have heard speaking about prostitution before. 我不像很多之前各位听到过的 以卖淫为主题的演讲者。
prostitution:n.卖淫;滥用;出卖灵魂;
I'm not a police officer or a social worker . 我不是警察,也不是社会工作者,
police officer:n.警官;警察;警务人员; social worker:n.社会工作者;
I'm not an academic , a journalist or a politician . 我不是学者,不是记者也不从政。
academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; politician:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;
And as you'll probably have picked up from Maryam's blurb , 相信大家已经听了玛丽亚姆的演讲,
blurb:n.大肆宣传;吹捧性广告;商品信息;v.夸大;大肆宣传;
I'm not a nun, either. 我也不是修女。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Most of those people would tell you that selling sex is degrading; that no one would ever choose to do it; that it's dangerous; women get abused and killed. 大部分人也许会说卖淫是可耻的, 没有人会选择去做。 同时卖淫也是危险的,女人受虐甚至被杀害。
abused:v.滥用(以致危害健康); (abuse的过去分词和过去式)
In fact, most of those people would say, "There should be a law against it!" 事实上很多人呼吁 “应该有法律来制裁卖淫！”
Maybe that sounds reasonable to you. 也许这听起来更合理。
reasonable:adj.合理的,公道的;通情达理的;
It sounded reasonable to me until the closing months of 2009, when I was working two dead-end , minimum-wage jobs. 对于我来说合理的是当2009年的最后几个月, 当我同时做着两份没有出路只拿最低工资的工作,
dead-end:无出路的;辣手的;绝境;
Every month my wages would just replenish my overdraft . 每个月的工资仅仅弥补了透支时,
wages:n.[劳经]工资; v.开展(运动等)(wage的第三人称单数形式); replenish:vt.补充,再装满;把…装满;给…添加燃料; overdraft:n.[金融]透支;[金融]透支额;vt.[金融]透支;
I was exhausted and my life was going nowhere . 当我筋疲力尽,不知道路在何方时。
exhausted:adj.筋疲力尽的; v.使筋疲力尽; (exhaust的过去分词和过去式) nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的;
Like many others before me, 像很多前人一样,
I decided sex for money was a better option . 我决定从事性工作。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
Now don't get me wrong -- 不要误会,
I would have loved to have won the lottery instead. 我当然也想通过赢一次乐透来赚钱,
lottery:n.彩票;碰运气的事,难算计的事;抽彩给奖法;
But it wasn't going to happen anytime soon, and my rent needed paying. 但是那只是可遇不可求的事, 我的房租等着我去付。
So I signed up for my first shift in a brothel . 所以我同妓院签下了我的第一份合同。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; brothel:n.妓院;
In the years that have passed, 过去的这些年,
I've had a lot of time to think. 我想了很多。
I've reconsidered the ideas I once had about prostitution. 我重新思考了我对卖淫曾经的看法。
reconsidered:v.重新考虑;重新审议;(reconsider的过去分词和过去式)
I've given a lot of thought to consent and the nature of work under capitalism . 我对于合约和资本主义下的 工作本质进行了长时间的思考。
consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成; capitalism:n.资本主义;
I've thought about gender inequality and the sexual and reproductive labor of women. 我也思考了性别歧视, 女性的性劳动和生殖劳动。
gender:n.性别; sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; reproductive:adj.生殖的;再生的;复制的;
I've experienced exploitation and violence at work. 工作中我经历过剥削和暴力。
exploitation:n.开发,开采;利用;广告推销; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
I've thought about what's needed to protect other sex workers from these things. 我也想过我们需要什么 来保护其他性工作者远离剥削和暴力。
Maybe you've thought about them, too. 也许你们会有共鸣。
In this talk, 在我的演讲中,
I'll take you through the four main legal approaches applied to sex work throughout the world, and explain why they don't work; why prohibiting the sex industry actually exacerbates every harm that sex workers are vulnerable to. 我将介绍全世界主流的四种与性工作者相关的 法律手段, 并且解释为什么它们没有作用。 为什么禁止色情行业实际上 让本来脆弱的性工作者雪上加霜。
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; prohibiting:v.禁止(prohibit的ing形式); exacerbates:vt.使加剧;使恶化;激怒; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
Then I'm going tell you about what we, as sex workers, actually want. 然后我将告诉大家作为性工作者我们真正渴望什么。
The first approach is full criminalization . 第一种法律手段是完全刑事化。
criminalization:刑事定罪;
Half the world, including Russia, South Africa and most of the US, regulates sex work by criminalizing everyone involved . 地球上的半数国家, 包括俄罗斯、南非和大部分的美国, 宣布所有从事性工作的人包括卖春者,卖春者和第三方
regulates:控制;管理; criminalizing:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
So that's seller, buyer and third parties. 是违法的。
Lawmakers in these countries apparently hope that the fear of getting arrested will deter people from selling sex. 这些国家的立法者显然希望 被捕的恐惧会遏制人们卖淫的想法。
Lawmakers:立法者(lawmaker的复数); apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; deter:v.阻止;制止;威慑;使不敢;
But if you're forced to choose between obeying the law and feeding yourself or your family, you're going to do the work anyway, and take the risk. 但是如果你必须要在遵守法律 和养家糊口中选择一个, 你还是会选择铤而走险 去卖淫的。
obeying:v.服从;遵守;顺从;(obey的现在分词)
Criminalization is a trap . 刑事化是一个陷阱。
trap:v.使陷入困境;卡住;夹住;收集;吸收;n.陷阱;圈套;捕捉器;诡计;
It's hard to get a conventional job when you have a criminal record. 如果你有了犯罪记录就很难找到传统的工作。
conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的;
Potential employers won't hire you. 招聘方不会雇佣你。
Potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; employers:n.雇主;雇用者;(employer的复数)
Assuming you still need money, you'll stay in the more flexible , informal economy . 假设你仍然需要钱, 你的经济状况仍然是脆弱的,不正规的。
Assuming:conj.假设…为真; adj.傲慢的; v.假定; (assume的现在分词) flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
The law forces you to keep selling sex, which is the exact opposite of its intended effect. 法律不仅没有阻止你, 反而强迫了你去继续卖淫。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式)
Being criminalized leaves you exposed to mistreatment by the state itself. 卖淫活动的刑事化导致卖淫者会受到国家本身的不公平对待。
criminalized:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件; exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) mistreatment:n.虐待;
In many places you may be coerced into paying a bribe or even into having sex with a police officer to avoid arrest. 很多情况下你不得不用贿赂 甚至与警察官员性交易的方式 来避免被逮捕。
coerced:强制,强迫,胁迫,迫使(coerce的过去式和过去分词); bribe:v.贿赂,收买;n.贿赂;
Police and prison guards in Cambodia , for example, have been documented subjecting sex workers to what can only be described as torture : threats at gunpoint , beatings , electric shocks, rape and denial of food. 比如说柬埔寨的警察和监狱看守 曾经被记录使用折磨的手段 对待性工作者: 用枪恐吓她们, 殴打,电击,强奸她们 甚至让她们绝食。
Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲); described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) torture:v.折磨;拷问;歪曲;n.折磨;拷问;歪曲; gunpoint:n.枪口; beatings:n.打;[纸]打浆;敲打;失败;v.打(beat的ing形式); electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴; denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事);
Another worrying thing: if you're selling sex in places like Kenya, South Africa or New York, a police officer can arrest you if you're caught carrying condoms , because condoms can legally be used as evidence that you're selling sex. 另一件令人担忧的事: 如果你在肯尼亚,南非或纽约这些地方卖淫, 如果你被抓到持有避孕套警察就可以逮捕你, 因为如果你卖淫避孕套就是合法的证据。
condoms:n.避孕套,安全套;(condom的复数) evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
Obviously, this increases HIV risk. 显然这增加了艾滋病的传播风险。
HIV:n.艾滋病病毒;
Imagine knowing if you're busted carrying condoms, it'll be used against you. 想象一下如果你被逮捕时身上有避孕套 它将会成为不利的证据。
busted:adj.被当场逮住;v.打破;突击搜查;(使)降级;(bust的过去分词和过去式)
It's a pretty strong incentive to leave them at home, right? 你将会更倾向于把它留在家里,对吧？
incentive:n.动机;刺激;adj.激励的;刺激的;
Sex workers working in these places are forced to make a tough choice between risking arrest or having risky sex. 这些地区的性工作者被迫在 进行危险的性行为和被捕之间做出选择。
What would you choose? 你会怎样选择呢？
Would you pack condoms to go to work? 你会带上避孕套去工作么？
How about if you're worried the police officer would rape you when he got you in the van ? 你会不会担心 当警察官员在货车里抓到你时会直接强奸你呢？
van:n.厢式货车;客货车;v.选矿;用车搬运;
The second approach to regulating sex work seen in these countries is partial criminalization, where the buying and selling of sex are legal, but surrounding activities, like brothel-keeping or soliciting on the street, are banned . 第二种法律手段被这些国家使用, 叫做部分刑事化。 在这些国家卖春买春是合法的, 但是周边的活动, 比如妓院和站街拉客是违法的。
regulating:vt.调节;校正(regulate的现在分词); partial:adj.部分的;不完整的;片面的;有偏见的; soliciting:v.索求,请求…给予;征求;筹集;(solicit的现在分词) banned:v.明令禁止;取缔;禁止(某人)做某事;(ban的过去分词和过去式)
Laws like these -- we have them in the UK and in France -- essentially say to us sex workers, "Hey, we don't mind you selling sex, just make sure it's done behind closed doors and all alone." 像这样的法律被 英国,法国这些国家所实践 本质上是对我们这些性工作者说, “我不介意你卖淫, 但是确保你是偷偷地, 一个人做这件事。”
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; behind closed doors:秘密;秘密地;紧闭的门后;与外界隔绝地;
And brothel-keeping, by the way , is defined as just two or more sex workers working together. 妓院,顺便说一句, 被定义成为两名甚至更多性工作者一起工作。
by the way:顺便说一下; defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确;
Making that illegal means that many of us work alone, which obviously makes us vulnerable to violent offenders . 触犯了卖淫必须单独进行的法律条款, 但是显然让我们对待暴力罪犯时更加危险。
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; offenders:n.罪犯(offender的复数);冒犯者;
But we're also vulnerable if we choose to break the law by working together. 但是如果我们选择一起工作 我们还是危险的。
A couple of years ago, a friend of mine was nervous after she was attacked at work, so I said that she could see her clients from my place for a while . 几年前, 我的一位朋友在工作时被袭击后非常紧张, 我让她暂时在我的地方见她的客户。
clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数) for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时;
During that time, we had another guy turn nasty . 在那段时间, 我们遇到了另一个很下流的人。
nasty:adj.极差的:令人厌恶的:不友好的:n.令人不愉快的事物:
I told the guy to leave or I'd call the police. 我让他离开,否则会报警。
And he looked at the two of us and said, "You girls can't call the cops . 这时他看着我们两个说, “你们没办法报警。
cops:n.警察;v.遭受;忍受;注意到;(cop的第三人称单数和复数)
You're working together, this place is illegal." 你们一起工作,这是违法的。”
He was right. 他是对的。
He eventually left without getting physically violent, but the knowledge that we were breaking the law empowered that man to threaten us. 他最终没有使用暴力离开了, 但是他知道我们违反了法律 并且以此为武器要挟我们。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式)
He felt confident he'd get away with it . 他知道我们拿他没有办法。
confident:adj.自信的;确信的; get away with it:na.侥幸成功;逃脱处罚;
The prohibition of street prostitution also causes more harm than it prevents. 同样,禁止街头拉客不但没有减少性工作者的危险, 反而造成了更多的伤害。
prohibition:n.禁止;禁令;禁酒;诉讼中止令;
Firstly , to avoid getting arrested, street workers take risks to avoid detection , and that means working alone or in isolated locations like dark forests where they're vulnerable to attack. 首先,街头的工作者 为了不被发现,避免被捕, 往往一个人工作, 或者去僻静的角落比如森林深处, 在这些情况下他们更容易遭到袭击。
Firstly:adv.首先(主要用于列举条目,论点时);第一; detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离; locations:n.地方;地点;位置;定位(location的复数)
If you're caught selling sex outdoors, you pay a fine. 如果你在室外卖淫被发现, 你必须缴纳罚款。
How do you pay that fine without going back to the streets? 可是如果你不回到街上哪里有钱支付罚款呢？
It was the need for money that saw you in the streets in the first place . 而钱就是迫使那些女人回到街头 最初的原因。
in the first place:首先;起初;
And so the fines stack up, and you're caught in a vicious cycle of selling sex to pay the fines you got for selling sex. 如果罚款越来越多, 她们就陷入了恶性的循环, 用卖淫来支付违法卖淫的罚款。
stack:n.堆栈;一摞;大量;许多;v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞,一堆); vicious:adj.恶毒的;恶意的;堕落的;有错误的;品性不端的;剧烈的;
Let me tell you about Mariana Popa who worked in Redbridge, East London. 我来讲一个马里亚纳·波帕的故事她在雷德布里奇,东伦敦工作。
The street workers on her patch would normally wait for clients in groups for safety in numbers and to warn each other about how to avoid dangerous guys. 考虑到人多会安全一些她那里的站街女 一般一边聚在一起等待顾客 一边互相警告如何避开危险的人。
patch:n.补丁;小片;眼罩;色斑;v.修补;打补丁;缝补; normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地;
But during a police crackdown on sex workers and their clients, she was forced to work alone to avoid being arrested. 但是在警方扫黄打非的活动中, 她被迫一个人工作以防被逮捕。
crackdown:n.镇压;(美)制裁;强制取缔;惩罚;
She was stabbed to death in the early hours of October 29, 2013. 她在2013年10月29日被刺死
stabbed:v.刺,戳,捅;(stab的过去分词和过去式)
She had been working later than usual to try to pay off a fine she had received for soliciting. 她工作的比平常稍晚一些 只是为了偿还因为拉客而收到的罚款。
So if criminalizing sex workers hurts them, why not just criminalize the people who buy sex? 那么如果判定性工作者违法是在伤害她们 为什么不仅仅刑事处罚买春者呢？
This is the aim of the third approach 这正是第三种法律手段。
I want to talk about -- the Swedish or Nordic model of sex-work law. 这种被 瑞典或北欧各国使用的法律模型。
Swedish:adj.瑞典的;瑞典语的;瑞典人的;n.瑞典语;瑞典人; Nordic:adj.北欧人的;斯堪的纳维亚的;日耳曼民族的;n.北欧人;日耳曼民族;
The idea behind this law is that selling sex is intrinsically harmful and so you're, in fact, helping sex workers by removing the option. 这项立法背后是说 卖淫本身是有害的, 买春者实际上让卖春者别无选择。
intrinsically:adv.本质地;内在地;固有地;
Despite growing support for what's often described as the "end demand" approach, there's no evidence that it works. 然而除了 所谓的“终极需求”有所增长之外, 没有证据显示这项法律有用。
Despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
There's just as much prostitution in Sweden as there was before. 瑞典的卖淫者和以前一样多。
Why might that be? 为什么会这样？
It's because people selling sex often don't have other options for income. 因为性工作者 往往确实没有其他选择。
options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式)
If you need that money, the only effect that a drop in business is going have is to force you to lower your prices or offer more risky sexual services. 如果你需要钱, 业务量下降的唯一结果 就是让你不得不降低你的价格 或提供更危险的性服务。
If you need to find more clients, you might seek the help of a manager. 如果你需要更多的客户, 也许需要借助上级的帮助
seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求;
So you see, rather than putting a stop to what's often descried as pimping , a law like this actually gives oxygen to potentially abusive third parties. 所以可见这样立法不仅没有 起到禁止所谓皮条客的作用, 反而让第三方的存在 越演愈烈。
descried:adj.被注意到的;被发现的;被看到的;v.望见(descry的过去式); pimping:adj.细小的;卑鄙的;病弱的;v.拉嫖客;拉皮条;(pimp的现在分词) potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; abusive:adj.辱骂的;滥用的;虐待的;
To keep safe in my work, 为了工作安全,
I try not to take bookings from someone who calls me from a withheld number. 我尽量不接受 匿名电话预定的嫖客
bookings:n.登记;演出合同;预订票的出售(booking的复数); withheld:v.拒绝给:抑制;忍住(withhold的过去分词和过去式)
If it's a home or a hotel visit, 如果是去别人家里或者酒店,
I try to get a full name and details. 我尽量拿到客人全名和信息。
If I worked under the Swedish model, a client would be too scared to give me that information. 但是如果我在瑞典法制下工作, 顾客可能因为太害怕而拒绝给我信息。
I might have no other choice but to accept a booking from a man who is untraceable if he later turns out to be violent. 我没有办法 只能接受匿名电话的预定, 也许这就是一名暴力罪犯。
untraceable:adj.难以描绘的;难以捉摸的;难以发现的;
If you need their money, you need to protect your clients from the police. 如果你需要钱, 你就必须保护顾客远离警察。
If you work outdoors, that means working alone or in isolated locations, just as if you were criminalized yourself. 如果你出门工作, 就意味着自己工作或者在僻静处工作, 就好像你自己判定自己有罪一样。
It might mean getting into cars quicker, less negotiating time means snap decisions. 这就意味着快速地上车, 没什么时间思考和做决定。
negotiating:v.谈判;磋商;协商;商定;达成协议;(negotiate的现在分词) snap:v.断裂;移到某位置;厉声说;n.啪嗒声;(尤指抢拍的)照片;adj.仓促的;
Is this guy dangerous or just nervous? 这个人是危险的还是仅仅是比较紧张？
Can you afford to take the risk? 你承担得起这个风险吗？
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
Can you afford not to? 你可以不承担吗？
Something I'm often hearing is, "Prostitution would be fine if we made it legal and regulated it." 我经常听别人说 “如果为卖淫制定法律并合理管理 卖淫的情况就会好很多。”
regulated:v.约束,控制,管理;(regulate的过去式和过去分词)
We call that approach legalization , and it's used by countries like the Netherlands, Germany and Nevada in the US. 这种方式叫卖淫合法化, 被荷兰,德国和美国的内华达州 所采用。
legalization:n.[法]合法化;法律认可;
But it's not a great model for human rights. 但是从人权的角度来说这不是一个好的模型。
And in state-controlled prostitution, commercial sex can only happen in certain legally-designated areas or venues , and sex workers are made to comply with special restrictions , like registration and forced health checks. 在国家控制卖淫的情况下 性交易 只可以在法定区域或街道上获得, 性工作者也必须遵守特殊的规定, 比如注册和强制身体体检。
state-controlled:由政府控制的; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; venues:n.场地,场馆(venue复数形式);犯罪现场,发生地点; comply:vi.遵守;顺从,遵从;答应; restrictions:n.限制规定;限制;约束;制约因素;(restriction的复数) registration:n.登记;注册;挂号;
Regulation sounds great on paper, but politicians deliberately make regulation around the sex industry expensive and difficult to comply with. 规定理论上听起来很好, 但是政客们故意提高性产业的价格门槛, 让这些规章制度非常难以遵守。
Regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) deliberately:adv.故意地;谨慎地;慎重地;
It creates a two-tiered system: legal and illegal work. 这形成了合法和非法工作并存的双重系统。
We sometimes call it " backdoor criminalization." 有时我们叫它“秘密犯罪化”。
backdoor:adj.秘密的;n.后门;
Rich, well-connected brothel owners can comply with the regulations , but more marginalized people find those hoops impossible to jump through. 人脉广又富有的老鸨们可以遵守相关的规定, 但是更多产业边缘的人 根本无法通过相关的规定。
well-connected:adj.有好亲戚的;出身名门的;血统关系好的;精心构思的; regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数) marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词); hoops:n.箍;环;圈;(篮球)篮圈,篮框;(hoop的复数)
And even if it's possible in principle , getting a license or proper venue takes time and costs money. 即使政策上允许, 获得经营地点和经营许可也需要大量的时间和金钱
in principle:大体上,原则上; license:v.许可;批准;
It's not going to be an option for someone who's desperate and needs money tonight. 对于那些急切地需要钱的人来说 这是不可能的。
desperate:adj.不顾一切的;令人绝望的;极度渴望的;
They might be a refugee or fleeing domestic abuse. 她们也许是难民也许正在逃离家庭暴力
refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; fleeing:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的现在分词) domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的;
In this two-tiered system, the most vulnerable people are forced to work illegally , so they're still exposed to all the dangers of criminalization 在这个双层系统里, 最脆弱的人被迫违法工作, 仍然暴露在我之前所说的
illegally:adv.非法地;
I mentioned earlier. 各种犯罪的危险之中。
It's looking like all attempts to control or prevent sex work from happening makes things more dangerous for people selling sex. 似乎所有想要控制 或者阻止性工作的方式 都反而让性工作者更加危险。
attempts:n.企图,试图;尝试(attempt的复数);v.试图;努力去做(attempt的三单形式);
Fear of law enforcement makes them work alone in isolated locations, and allows clients and even cops to get abusive in the knowledge they'll get away with it. 对制定法律的恐惧让她们在僻静的角落孤独的工作 遭受客人们甚至警察 的虐待因为他们可以逍遥法外。
enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制;
Fines and criminal records force people to keep selling sex, rather than enabling them to stop. 罚款和犯罪记录逼迫她们不停地卖淫, 而不是阻止她们。
enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词);
Crackdowns on buyers drive sellers to take dangerous risks and into the arms of potentially abusive managers. 针对买春者的打击行动反而增加了卖春者 受虐待的风险并助长了第三方产业。
Crackdowns:n.镇压;(美)制裁;强制取缔;惩罚; buyers:n.[贸易]买主;买方市场;采购者;购货者(buyer的复数);
These laws also reinforce stigma and hatred against sex workers. 法律也将对性工作者的耻辱和仇恨钉在大家心中。
reinforce:vt.加强,加固; vi.求援; n.加强; stigma:n.[植]柱头;耻辱;污名;烙印;特征; hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶;
When France temporarily brought in the Swedish model two years ago, ordinary citizens took it as a cue to start carrying out vigilante attacks against people working on the street. 当两年前法国引入瑞典模型时 民众纷纷受到影响 举行一系列的民众抗争 抵制街头工作的性工作者。
temporarily:adv.临时地,临时; cue:n.暗示;提示;信号;(戏剧的)提示;v.给(某人)暗示(或提示); vigilante:n.义务警员;治安维持会成员;
In Sweden, opinion surveys show that significantly more people want sex workers to be arrested now than before the law was brought in. 在瑞典民意调查显示 在相关法律实施以后更多的人希望 性工作者被逮捕。
surveys:n.调查(survey的复数); significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
If prohibition is this harmful, you might ask, why it so popular? 如果禁令如此有害 你也许会问为什么它这么受欢迎？
Firstly, sex work is and always has been a survival strategy for all kinds of unpopular minority groups: people of color, migrants , people with disabilities , 首先,性工作从古至今一直是 不受欢迎的少数群体的生存策略。 包括有色人种, 移民, 残障人士,
survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; unpopular:adj.不流行的,不受欢迎的; minority:n.少数民族;少数派;未成年;adj.少数的;属于少数派的; migrants:n.移民;移居者;候鸟(migrant的复数形式); disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者;
LGBTQ people, particularly trans women. 同性恋泛性恋人群, 尤其是人妖。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; trans:n.反;转移;超越;变化
These are the groups most heavily profiled and punished through prohibitionist law. 这些人是受到卖淫管制的 针对和惩罚最严重的。
profiled:v.描绘…轮廓,评论人物(profile的过去式); prohibitionist:n.禁酒主义者;
I don't think this is an accident. 我不认为这是巧合。
These laws have political support precisely because they target people that voters don't want to see or know about. 这些法律背后都有特定的政治支持 因为他们就是针对 选民所不喜欢看到或知道的人。
Why else might people support prohibition? 还有民众支持禁止卖淫的原因么？
Well, lots of people have understandable fears about trafficking. 很多人对贩卖人口有无可厚非的恐惧。
understandable:adj.可以理解的;可以了解的;
Folks think that foreign women kidnapped and sold into sexual slavery can be saved by shutting a whole industry down. 民众认为如果整个卖淫产业被禁止 外国女人就不会被绑架和作为性奴隶进行买卖。
slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的;
So let's talk about trafficking. 所以我们谈谈人口买卖。
Forced labor does occur in many industries, especially those where the workers are migrants or otherwise vulnerable, and this needs to be addressed . 强制劳动在很多国家都屡见不鲜, 尤其发生在移民劳工和其他弱势群体中, 这是一个需要解决的问题。
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; addressed:v.写(收信人)姓名地址:致函:演说:演讲:向…说话; (address的过去分词和过去式)
But it's best addressed with legislation targeting those specific abuses , not an entire industry. 但是最好立法直接针对特殊的受虐待群体, 而不是整个产业。
legislation:n.立法;法律; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; abuses:v.滥用;虐待;辱骂(abuse的三单形式);n.滥用;虐待;暴行(abuse的复数);
When 23 undocumented Chinese migrants drowned while picking cockles in Morecambe Bay in 2004, there were no calls to outlaw the entire seafood industry to save trafficking victims. 当23名中国偷渡者 在2004年莫克姆湾捡拾蛤蜊被淹死时, 不会因为要解决人口买卖问题 而认定整个海产行业违法。
undocumented:adj.无事实证明的;无正式文件的; drowned:v.(使)淹死,溺死;浸透;淹没;浸泡;(drown的过去分词和过去式) cockles:n.波纹,起皱;鸟蛤; outlaw:n.歹徒; vt.宣布…为不合法; seafood:n.海鲜;海味;海产食品;
The solution is clearly to give workers more legal protections, allowing them to resist abuse and report it to authorities without fear of arrest. 解决问题的关键是给予工作者更多的合法保护 让他们抵抗虐待 并无畏地报告给有关部门。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂; authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数)
The way the term trafficking is thrown around implies that all undocumented migration into prostitution is forced. 人口贩卖这个词语的泛滥使用 意味着似乎所有的偷渡者从事卖淫行业时都是被迫的。
implies:v.意味着(imply的第三人称单数);蕴含;暗指; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居;
In fact, many migrants have made a decision, out of economic need, to place themselves into the hands of people smugglers . 实际上很多移民出于经济需要 已经做了决定 把他们自己的命运交给走私者。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; smugglers:n.走私者;(smuggler的复数)
Many do this with the full knowledge that they'll be selling sex when they reach their destination. 很多人完全知道 自己将在目的地做一个性工作者。
And yes, it can often be the case that these people smugglers demand exorbitant fees, coerce migrants into work they don't want to do and abuse them when they're vulnerable. 是的,往往 这些走私者要价过高, 强迫移民做他们不想做的事, 虐待那些脆弱的人。
exorbitant:adj.(要价等)过高的;(性格等)过分的;不在法律范围之内的;
That's true of prostitution, but it's also true of agricultural work, hospitality work and domestic work. 这在卖淫行业是真实存在的, 但是这在农业劳动,酒店工作 和家务劳动中也是存在的。
agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; hospitality:n.好客;殷勤;
Ultimately , nobody wants to be forced to do any kind of work, but that's a risk many migrants are willing to take, because of what they're leaving behind. 说到底没人愿意被强迫做任何事情, 但是很多移民愿意铤而走险, 因为不堪回首的过去。
Ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
If people were allowed to migrate legally they wouldn't have to place their lives into the hands of people smugglers. 如果人们可以合法移民 他们就不用把性命交到走私者的手里。
migrate:vi.移动;随季节而移居;移往;vt.使移居;使移植;
The problems arise from the criminalization of migration, just as they do from the criminalization of sex work itself. 我们从 性交易非法的问题 讨论到随意移民是 非法的问题。
arise:v.出现;发生;产生;起身;
This is a lesson of history. 历史的经验告诉我们
If you try to prohibit something that people want or need to do, whether that's drinking alcohol or crossing borders or getting an abortion or selling sex, you create more problems than you solve. 如果你想禁止民众想要或者需要的 无论是饮酒还是跨越国界, 无论是堕胎 还是性交易, 总有解决不完的问题。
alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; abortion:n.流产,小产;流产的胎儿;(计划等)失败,夭折;
Prohibition barely makes a difference to the amount of people actually doing those things. 禁令对于 正在做这些事的人基本没什么用。
barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地;
But it makes a huge difference as to whether or not they're safe when they do them. 但是禁令对于 他们在做这些的时候的人身安全影响巨大。
whether or not:是否…;
Why else might people support prohibition? 还有民众支持禁令的其他原因么？
As a feminist , I know that the sex industry is a site of deeply entrenched social inequality. 作为女权主义者,我知道性产业深刻地 反映了社会的不平衡。
feminist:n.男女平等主义者;adj.主张男女平等的; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; entrenched:adj.根深蒂固的;v.使处于牢固地位;牢固确立;(entrench的过去式和过去分词)
It's a fact that most buyers of sex are men with money, and most sellers are women without. 事实上大多数买春者是有钱的男性, 大多数卖春者是没钱的女性。
You can agree with all that -- I do -- and still think prohibition is a terrible policy . 你我都同意这些 但我仍然认为禁止性交易是一个糟糕的政策。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
In a better, more equal world, maybe there would be far fewer people selling sex to survive, but you can't simply legislate a better world into existence. 在一个更加美好和平等的社会, 将会有很少的人为了生存进行性交易, 但是你不能简单地通过立法改善世界。
legislate:vt.用立法规定;通过立法;vi.立法;制定法律;
If someone needs to sell sex because they're poor or because they're homeless or because they're undocumented and they can't find legal work, taking away that option doesn't make them any less poor or house them or change their immigration status . 如果有的人因为穷困或者无家可归 而选择性交易 或者他们因为没有身份不能找到合法的工作, 禁止卖淫不能让他们富有 也不能提供他们住房 或者改变身份状况。
immigration:n.外来移民;移居; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
People worry that selling sex is degrading . 人们担心卖淫是可耻的。
degrading:adj.降低身份的; v.降低…身份; (degrade的现在分词)
Ask yourself: is it more degrading than going hungry or seeing your children go hungry? 扪心自问:它会比挨饿更加可耻吗？ 它会比看着你的孩子挨饿更加可耻么？
There's no call to ban rich people from hiring nannies or getting manicures , even though most of the people doing that labor are poor, migrant women. 没有政策禁止富人雇佣保姆 或者修指甲, 尽管做这些苦力活的大多是贫穷的女性移民。
nannies:n.保姆;母山羊; manicures:v.修剪(指甲);护理(手);(manicure的第三人称单数)
It's the fact of poor migrant women selling sex specifically that has some feminists uncomfortable. 只有当那些贫穷的女性移民进行性交易时 才让一些女权主义者不安。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; feminists:n.女权运动者(feminist的复数);
And I can understand why the sex industry provokes strong feelings. 我可以理解 为什么性产业会引发强烈的不满情绪。
provokes:v.激起;引起;引发;挑衅;激怒;刺激;(provoke的第三人称单数)
People have all kinds of complicated feelings when it comes to sex. 当提到性的时候 人们都有很复杂的情绪。
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
But we can't make policy on the basis of mere feelings, especially not over the heads of the people actually effected by those policies . 但是我们不能仅仅根据情绪立法, 更不能不考虑实际上会被法律影响的人们 而立法。
on the basis of:根据;基于…; mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
If we get fixated on the abolition of sex work, we end up worrying more about a particular manifestation of gender inequality, rather than about the underlying causes. 如果我们对于废除性交易念念不忘, 最终只会担心更多的性别不平等 的其他特例, 而不是真正地思考背后的原因。
fixated:adj.念念不忘的;稳固关系的;v.使固定下来;注视(fixate的过去分词); abolition:n.废除;废止; manifestation:n.表现;显示;示威运动; underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词)
People get really hung up on the question, "Well, would you want your daughter doing it?" 人们往往全神贯注于诸如 “为什么你让女儿做这种事？”的问题。
That's the wrong question. 这不是我们要解决的问题。
Instead, imagine she is doing it. 而是想象她在做这种事的时候
How safe is she at work tonight? 晚上工作有多安全？
Why isn't she safer? 为什么不能更安全？
So we've looked at full criminalization, partial criminalization, the Swedish or Nordic Model and legalization, and how they all cause harm. 所以我们已经了解了完全刑事化 部分刑事化,瑞典北欧模型 和合法化, 也知道为什么他们都会造成伤害。
Something I never hear asked is: "What do sex workers want?" 我从没听见过有人问: “性工作者需要什么？”
After all, we're the ones most affected by these laws. 毕竟我们是最受法律影响的人。
New Zealand decriminalized sex work in 2003. 新西兰2003年使性交易无罪化。
Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛) decriminalized:vt.使合法化;非刑事化(等于decriminalise);
It's crucial to remember that decriminalization and legalization are not the same thing. 切记 无罪化和合法化不是一样的。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; decriminalization:n.合法化;非刑事化;
Decriminalization means the removal of laws that punitively target the sex industry, instead treating sex work much like any other kind of work. 无罪化意味着针对性产业的法律惩罚 被移除, 而不是像其他职业一样平等看待性产业。
removal:n.去除;消除;清除;除去; punitively:adv.惩罚地;刑罚的; treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词)
In New Zealand, people can work together for safety, and employers of sex workers are accountable to the state. 在新西兰人们可以为了安全一起工作, 性工作者的雇主接受国家的监督。
accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的;
A sex worker can refuse to see a client at any time, for any reason, and 96 percent of street workers report that they feel the law protects their rights. 性工作者可以在任何时间以任何理由 拒绝去见一个客户, 96%的街道工作者 认为法律保护了她们的权益。
sex worker:n.性工作者(对以性行为换取金钱者的委婉说法);
New Zealand hasn't actually seen an increase in the amount of people doing sex work, but decriminalizing it has made it a lot safer. 尽管无罪化让她们更加安全。 在新西兰从事 性工作的人数并没有上升。
decriminalizing:vt.使合法化;非刑事化(等于decriminalise);
But the lesson from New Zealand isn't just that its particular legislation is good, but that crucially , it was written in collaboration with sex workers; namely , the New Zealand Prostitutes ' Collective . 但是新西兰的故事 并不能说明其特殊的立法是好的, 但是重要的是, 这项法律是性工作者合作制定的。 也就是新西兰的妓女联合会。
crucially:adv.关键地;至关重要地; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌; namely:adv.也就是;即是;换句话说; Prostitutes:n.卖淫者;妓女v.滥用才能;出卖肉体(prostitute的第三人称单数和复数) Collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
When it came to making sex work safer, they were ready to hear it straight from sex workers themselves. 当谈到如何保护性工作者的安全时, 工会愿意直接听到性工作者自己的声音。
Here in the UK, 在英国,
I'm part of sex worker-led groups like the Sex Worker Open University and the English Collective of Prostitutes. 我是性工作者领导集体中的一份子比如性工作者公开大学和 英国妓女联合会。
Open University:开放大学;函授大学;
And we form part of a global movement demanding decriminalization and self-determination . 我们组织全球性活动 要求无罪化和自我决定权。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; self-determination:n.民族自决;自我决定;
The universal symbol of our movement is the red umbrella. 我们行动的通用符号是红雨伞。
universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; symbol:n.象征;符号;标志;
We're supported in our demands by global bodies like UNAIDS, the World Health Organization and Amnesty International . 我们的要求得到了联合国艾滋病规划署 世界卫生组织 和国际特赦组织的支持。
Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Amnesty International:n.大赦国际;
But we need more allies . 但是我们需要更多盟友。
allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数)
If you care about gender equality or poverty or migration or public health, then sex worker rights matter to you. 如果您关注性别不平等 或者贫穷问题、移民问题、公共卫生问题, 那么保护性工作者的权益对您而言至关重要。
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
Make space for us in your movements. 让我们与您同行。
That means not only listening to sex workers when we speak but amplifying our voices. 这不仅意味着倾听性工作者说的话 更意味着放大我们的声音。
amplifying:adj.放大的;
Resist those who silence us, those who say that a prostitute is either too victimized , too damaged to know what's best for herself, or else too privileged and too removed from real hardship , not representative of the millions of voiceless victims. 反对那些让我们沉默的人 反对那些说妓女被欺骗或者被伤害 以至于不知道如何保护自己 反对那些在特权恩惠下的, 远离苦难生活的, 无法代表数百万微言轻的受害者的人。
victimized:vt.使受害;使牺牲;欺骗; privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词) hardship:n.艰难;困苦;拮据; representative:n.代表; adj.典型的; voiceless:adj.无声的;清音的;沉默的;
This distinction between victim and empowered is imaginary . 受害者和掌权者的区别是虚假的。
distinction:n.区别;区分;差别;卓越; imaginary:adj.虚构的,假想的;想像的;虚数的;
It exists purely to discredit sex workers and make it easy to ignore us. 它的存在只是为了败坏性工作者的名声 让社会更加轻易的无视我们。
purely:adv.完全;仅仅; discredit:v.不信;使…丢脸;n.怀疑;无信用;名声的败坏; ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬;
No doubt many of you work for a living. 在座各位为谋生而工作。
Well, sex work is work, too. 性工作也是工作。
Just like you, some of us like our jobs, some of us hate them. 就像各位一样, 有些人热爱自己的工作 有些人憎恨它。
Ultimately, most of us have mixed feelings. 最终我们中大多数人对这份工作都怀着复杂的感情。
But how we feel about our work isn't the point. 但是我们对工作是什么感情 并不是重点。
And how others feel about our work certainly isn't. 别人怎么看我们的工作也不是重点。
What's important is that we have the right to work safely and on our own terms. 重要的是我们有权利根据我们自己的主张 安全的工作。
Sex workers are real people. 性工作者也是人。
We've had complicated experiences and complicated responses to those experiences. 我们有复杂的经历 和对那些经历复杂的反应。
responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
But our demands are not complicated. 但是我们的要求并不复杂。
You can ask expensive escorts in New York City, brothel workers in Cambodia, street workers in South Africa and every girl on the roster at my old job in Soho , and they will all tell you the same thing. 你可以问在纽约的高级陪护, 柬埔寨的妓女,南非的站街工作者, 和我以前工作过的伦敦苏活区里每一个名单上的女孩, 他们都会告诉你同样的事情。
escorts:v.护送(escort的第三人称单数形式); n.护航舰(escort的复数形式); roster:n.花名册;执勤人员表;逐项登记表; Soho:abbr.在家上班族(SmallOffice;HomeOffice);
You can speak to millions of sex workers and countless sex work-led organizations . 你可以问千千万万个性工作者 和不计其数的性工作领导机构。
countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构;
We want full decriminalization and labor rights as workers. 我们需要完全的无罪化和其他工作者一样的劳动者权益。
I'm just one sex worker on the stage today, but I'm bringing a message from all over the world. 今天我只是一个站在台上的性工作者, 但是我带来了全世界的声音。
on the stage:在舞台上;现阶段;当演员;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）