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TommyMcCall_2018U-_好图表的简单原则_
I love infographics. 我爱信息图表。
As an information designer, 作为一个信息设计师,
I've worked with all sorts of data over the past 25 years. 在过去25年中,我跟各种各样的数据打交道。
I have a few insights to share, but first: a little history. 我有一些见解要分享,但首先讲点历史。
insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数);
Communication is the encoding , transmission and decoding of information. 沟通是对信息的编码、传输和解码。
encoding:n.[计]编码;v.[计]编码(encode的ing形式); transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置; decoding:v.解码;破译(尤指密码);译解,理解(外文);(decode的现在分词)
Breakthroughs in communication mark turning points in human culture. 沟通的突破标志着人类文化的转折点。
Breakthroughs:突破;
Oracy, literacy and numeracy were great developments in communication. 在沟通方面,语言,文字和算术能力 得到了很大的发展。
literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; numeracy:n.计算能力,识数;
They allow us to encode ideas into words and quantities into numbers. 它们让我们可以把想法编码为文字 并量化成数字。
encode:vt.(将文字材料)译成密码;编码,编制成计算机语言; quantities:n.数量;数目;大量;大宗;(quantity的复数)
Without communication, we'd still be stuck in the Stone Ages. 没有沟通能力,我们就会被困在石器时代。
Although humans have been around for a quarter million years, it was only 8,000 years ago that proto-writings began to surface. 尽管人类已经存在25万年, 但人类最早期的书写浮出水面只有8千年。
have been around:见识(很)多;世故(很)深;遍布全球;世故深;遍布各地;
Nearly 3,000 years later, the first proper writing systems took shape. 在将近3000年后,首个合适的书写系统成形。
Maps have been around for millennia and diagrams for hundreds of years, but representing quantities through graphics is a relatively new development. 地图存在几千年,图表则有数百年之久, 但通过图形来表示数量 还是一个相对较新的发展。
millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世; representing:v.代表;维护…的利益;等于;相当于;(represent的现在分词) graphics:n.[测]制图学;制图法;图表算法; relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地;
It wasn't until 1786 that William Playfair invented the first bar chart , giving birth to visual display of quantitative information. 直至1786年威廉·普莱费尔发明的首个条形图, 才催生了数量信息的视觉显示。
bar chart:n.条形统计图; visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; display:n.显示;炫耀;vt.显示;表现;陈列;vi.[动]作炫耀行为;adj.展览的;陈列用的; quantitative:adj.定量的;量的,数量的;
Fifteen years later, he introduced the first pie and area charts. 15年后,他引入了首个饼图和面积图。
His inventions are still the most commonly used chart forms today. 他这些发明仍是今天最常使用的图表类型。
Florence Nightingale invented the coxcomb in 1857 for a presentation to Queen Victoria on troop mortality . 1857年弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔发明了锯齿图 来向维多利亚女王介绍部队死亡率。
Nightingale:n.夜莺; coxcomb:n.纨袴子;[史](中世纪丑角的)鸡冠帽;[植]鸡冠花; presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
Highlighted in blue, she showed how most troops' deaths could have been prevented. 蓝色强调部分, 她展示了军队的大多数死亡可以如何被避免。
Highlighted:adj.突出的;v.使显著;照亮(highlight的过去分词);
Shortly after, Charles Minard charted Napoleon's march on Moscow, illustrating how an army of 422,000 dwindled to just 10,000 as battles, geography and freezing temperatures took their toll . 不久之后,查尔斯·米纳德绘制了 拿破仑进军俄罗斯的图表, 展示了一支42.2万人的军队是如何 在战斗,地理和冰冻的影响下 付出惨痛代价减少到只有1万人的。
illustrating:图解; dwindled:vi.减少;变小;vt.使缩小,使减少; toll:n.伤亡人数; v.(缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟); (尤指)鸣(丧钟);
He combined a Sankey diagram with cartography and a line chart for temperature. 他将桑基图与制图学 和温度线图表结合在一起。
cartography:n.地图制作,制图;制图学,绘图法;
I get excited when I get lots of data to play with, especially when it yields an interesting chart form. 有很多数据可以摆弄总令我兴奋, 特别是当它产生一个有趣的图表形式时。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; yields:n.生产量,投资效益(yield的复数形式); v.[经]生产;
Here, Nightingale's coxcomb was the inspiration to organize data on thousands of federal energy subsidies , scrutinizing the lack of investment in renewables over fossil fuels. 这里,奈廷格尔的锯齿图是 成千联邦政府能源补贴数据组织的最佳呈现, 审查了可再生能源投入相较化石能源的不足。
organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; subsidies:n.补贴;补助金;津贴;(subsidy的复数) scrutinizing:检查; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; renewables:n.可再生能源(renewable的复数); fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的;
This Sankey diagram illustrates the flow of energy through the US economy , emphasizing how nearly half of the energy used is lost as waste heat. 这个桑基图展示了美国经济中的能源流动, 强调了近一半的能源消耗是作为废热流失的。
illustrates:v.阐明;举例说明(illustrate的三单形式);给…加插图; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; emphasizing:v.强调(emphasize的现在分词);
I love it when data can be sculpted into beautiful shapes. 我喜欢把数据雕刻成漂亮的形状。
sculpted:v.雕刻(sculpt的过去式);
Here, the personal and professional connections of the women of Silicon Valley can be woven into arcs , same as the collaboration of inventors birthing patents across the globe can be mapped. 这里,硅谷女性的个人和职业联系 可以被编织成弧线, 就跟全球范围内发明家的协作 可以映射出来一样。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; Silicon Valley:n.硅谷(美国加利福尼亚州一处计算机和电子公司聚集地,有时用以指任何计算机公司聚集地); woven:v.编织;交织(weave的过去分词);编造;adj.织物的;n.机织织物; arcs:n.弧光灯,[数]弧(arc的复数); collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌; patents:n.[专利]专利(patent的复数形式);专利权;
I've even made charts for me. 我甚至为自己制作了图表。
I'm a numbers person, so I rarely win at Scrabble . 我是个数字人,所以我很少在拼字比赛中获胜。
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; Scrabble:v.忙乱地找;翻找;乱抓;乱动;n.争夺;挣扎;奋斗;
I made this diagram to remember all the two- and three-letter words in the official Scrabble dictionary. 我做了这个图表来记住官方拼字字典里的 两个字母和三个字母的单词。
official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Knowing these 1,168 words certainly is a game changer . 知道这1168个单词显然是制胜法则。
changer:n.转换开关装置;改变者(change的名词形式);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Sometimes I produce code to quickly generate graphics from thousands of data points. 有些时候我编写代码去把数千个数据点 快速生成图片。
generate:v.产生;引起;
Coding also enables me to produce interactive graphics. 编码也让我可以制作交互式图表。
enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) interactive:adj.合作的;相互影响的;互相配合的;交互式的;n.交互式视频设备;
Now we can navigate information on our own terms. 现在我们可以根据自己的条件来导航信息。
navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空;
Exotic chart forms certainly look cool, but something as simple as a little dot may be all you need to solve a particular thinking task. 奇异的图表当然看起来很酷, 但小至简单的一个点就足以满足你所需 去解决特定的思考任务。
Exotic:adj.异国的;外来的;异国情调的;
In 2006, the "New York Times" redesigned their "Markets" section, cutting it down from eight pages of stock listings to just one and a half pages of essential market data. 2006年,纽约时报重新设计他们的市场板块, 将其从8页的股票清单削减到 只有1页半的基本市场数据。
redesigned:adj.重新设计的;修订的;v.重新设计;重新制订(redesign的过去式); stock:n.股票; v.库存; adj.老一套的; listings:表; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
We listed performance metrics for the most common stocks , but I wanted to help investors see how the stocks are doing. 我们列出了最常用的股票指标, 但我想帮助投资者了解这些股票表现如何。
performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; metrics:n.度量;作诗法;韵律学; stocks:n.[金融]股票; v.采购;
So I added a simple little dot to show the current price relative to its one-year range. 所以我增加了一个简单小点 来展示现在价格在一年内的水平。
At a glance , value investors can pick out stocks trading near their lows by looking for dots to the left. 只需看一眼,价值投资者就可以通过靠近左边的点 去挑选出股价接近低位的股票。
glance:v.浏览;扫视;瞥一眼;匆匆一看;n.一瞥;扫视;匆匆一看;
Momentum investors can find stocks on an upward trajectory via dots to the right. 短线投资者可以通过靠近右边的点 找出上升趋势的股票。
Momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力; upward:adj.向上的;上升的;adv.向上; trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道; via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道;
Shortly after, the " Wall Street Journal " copied the design. 不久之后,华尔街日报复制了这个设计。
Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地); Journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报;
Simplicity is often the goal for most graphics, but sometimes we need to embrace complexity and show large data sets in their full glory. 简单化通常是大部分图表的目标, 但有时候我们需要拥抱复杂 并在他们的全部荣耀中展示大量数据集。
Simplicity:n.朴素;简易;天真;愚蠢; embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
Alec Gallup , the former chairman of the Gallup Organization , once handed me a very thick book. 亚力克·盖洛普,盖洛普公司的前主席, 有次给了我一本非常厚的书。
Gallup:vi.进行民意测验;vt.对…进行民意测验; Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
It was his family's legacy : hundreds of pages covering six decades of presidential approval data. 这是他们家族的遗产: 数百页纸涵盖了60年的总统支持率数据。
legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; approval:n.批准;认可;赞成;
I told him the entire book could be graphed on a single page. 我告诉他整本书可以图表化在一页上。
'"Impossible," he said. “不可能”,他说。
And here it is: 25,000 data points on a single page. 这就是: 一页中展示25,000个数据点。
At a glance, one sees that most presidents start with a high approval rating, but few keep it. 一眼就可以看出,多数总统以高支持率开场, 但很少能够维持。
Events like wars initially boost approval; scandals trigger declines . 像战争那样的事件最初会提升支持率; 丑闻会引发下降。
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; boost:n.提高;增长;帮助;激励;v.使增长;使兴旺;偷窃; scandals:n.丑闻; v.(英)诋毁; trigger:n.触发器; v.触发; declines:vi.下降;衰退;拒绝(decline的第三人称单数);
These major events were annotated in the graphic but not in the book. 这些重要事件在图表中被注释,在书中可不行。
annotated:v.给…作注解(或评注);(annotate的过去分词和过去式)
The point is, graphics can transmit data with incredible efficiency . 要点在于,图表可以以惊人的效率传输数据。
transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效;
Graphicacy -- the ability to read and write graphics -- is still in its infancy . 书画刻印技能—— 读和写图的能力—— 仍然处于早期。
Graphicacy:图形能力,图形化; infancy:n.初期;婴儿期;幼年;
New chart forms will emerge and specialized dialects will evolve . 新的图表将会出现,特殊的方言将会发展。
emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相; specialized:adj.专业的; v.专门研究(或从事); (specialize的过去式和过去分词) dialects:n.乡土语言,方言; evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;
Graphics that help us think faster or see a book's worth of information on a single page are the key to unlocking new discoveries. 图表可以帮我们更快地思考 或在一页纸上看到一本书的信息 是开启新发现的关键。
unlocking:v.(用钥匙)开…的锁;发现;揭示;揭开;(unlock的现在分词)
Our visual cortex was built to decode complex information and is a master at pattern recognition . 我们的视觉皮层是用来解码复杂信息的, 它是模式识别的大师。
cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮; decode:vt.[计][通信]译码,解码;vi.从事破译工作; recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可;
Graphicacy enables us to harness our built-in GPU to process mountains of data and find the veins of gold hiding within. 图形化可以让我们利用我们的内置GPU 处理海量数据 去发现藏在里面的金子。
harness:vt.治理; n.马具; built-in:adj.嵌入的;固定的;n.内置; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; veins:n.[解剖]静脉(vein的复数); v.使有脉络;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause and cheers) （鼓掌）