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TomWujec_2009U-_大脑创造含义的3钟方法。_
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| Last year at TED we aimed to try to clarify the overwhelming complexity and richness that we experience at the conference in a project called Big Viz. |
去年在TED我们试图用一个名为大视野的项目 来清晰地地展示 我们在TED大会上感受到 及其复杂和丰富的信息 |
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clarify:v.澄清;阐明;得到澄清;得到净化; overwhelming:adj.势不可挡的; v.压倒; (overwhelm的现在分词) complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势 richness:n.丰富;富裕;肥沃;华美; conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
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| And the Big Viz is a collection of 650 sketches that were made by two visual artists. |
大视野是由650张草图所组成 这都是由两位视觉艺术家所做的。 |
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sketches:n.[测]草图; v.素描,写生(sketch的第三人称单数); visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的;
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| David Sibbet from The Grove , and Kevin Richards from Autodesk made 650 sketches that strive to capture the essence of each presenter's ideas. |
The Grove的大卫司比特, 和Autodesk的凯文理查兹 他们所做的650张草图都致力于抓住 每个演讲者思维的奥义。 |
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Grove:n.小树林;果园; strive:v.力求;斗争;反抗;(strive的第三人称单数) capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精;
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| And the consensus was, it really worked. |
而且共识是,这成功了。 |
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consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意;
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| These sketches brought to life the key ideas, the portraits , the magic moments that we all experienced last year. |
这些草图让这些关键的思维有了生命, 这些肖像,这些神奇时刻 都是我们去年所经历过的。 |
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portraits:n.肖像;半身照;详细的描述;描绘;(portrait的复数)
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| This year we were thinking, "Why does it work?" |
今年我们则在思考, 这为什么会成功？ |
| What is it about animation , graphics , illustrations , that create meaning? |
究竟是动画, 平面图像,插图的哪些东西创造了含义？ |
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animation:n.活泼,生气;激励;卡通片绘制; graphics:n.[测]制图学;制图法;图表算法; illustrations:n.[印刷]插图;插画(illustration的复数);
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| And this is an important question to ask and answer because the more we understand how the brain creates meaning, the better we can communicate, and I also think, the better we can think and collaborate together. |
不仅提出这个问题是十分重要的,同时回答也是十分重要的。 因为我们越是了解大脑怎样创造含义, 我们就可以更好的沟通。 同时我也认为,这让我们可以更好的在一起思考和合作。 |
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collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌;
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| So this year we're going to visualize how the brain visualizes . |
所以今年我们来看看 大脑怎样去视觉化. |
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visualizes:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
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| Cognitive psychologists now tell us that the brain doesn't actually see the world as it is, but instead, creates a series of mental models through a collection of "Ah-ha moments," |
当代的认知心理学家告诉我们,大脑 看到的并不是世界本来的样貌, 而是创造了一系列的心智模式 这些模式是通过一系列的 开窍时刻, |
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Cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者;
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| or moments of discovery, through various processes . |
或是在各种探索过程中获取的瞬间发现 |
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processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
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| The processing , of course, begins with the eyes. |
这个过程,很显然,是从眼睛开始发生的。 |
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processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词)
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| Light enters, hits the back of the retina , and is circulated , most of which is streamed to the very back of the brain, at the primary visual cortex . |
光线深入,刺激视网膜的后部,然后被分发, 大部分是分流到大脑的最后一部分, 那就是初级视觉皮层。 |
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retina:n.[解剖]视网膜; circulated:v.(液体或气体)环流,循环;传播;流传;散布;(circulate的过去式和过去分词) cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮;
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| And primary visual cortex sees just simple geometry , just the simplest of shapes. |
不过初级视觉皮层感知的是简单的几何型, 只是一些简单的几何形状。 |
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geometry:n.几何学;几何结构;
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| But it also acts like a kind of relay station that re-radiates and redirects information to many other parts of the brain. |
但是它同时也像一个中转站一样 把信息散布和转到 大脑的不同部位, |
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relay:n.接力赛; v.转发(信息、消息等); redirects:使改方向;重新寄送(redirect的第三人称单数);
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| As many as 30 other parts that selectively make more sense, create more meaning through the kind of "Ah-ha" experiences. |
多达30个其他的区域选择性的创造意义 通过一些 开窍 经验创造更多意义。 |
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selectively:adv.有选择地;
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| We're only going to talk about three of them. |
我们只会讨论其中的三个。 |
| So the first one is called the ventral stream. |
第一个叫做腹面流。 |
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ventral:adj.腹侧的;[解剖]腹部的;n.腹鳍;
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| It's on this side of the brain. |
这是在大脑的这一边。 |
| And this is the part of the brain that will recognize what something is. |
大脑的这个区域将会识别这是什么东西。 |
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recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
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| It's the "what" detector . |
这是一个 这是什么物体 的探测器。 |
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detector:n.探测器;检测器;发现者;侦察器;
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| Look at a hand. Look at a remote control . Chair. Book. |
看看手,看看一个遥控器。椅子。书本。 |
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remote control:遥控;
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| So that's the part of the brain that is activated when you give a word to something. |
所以大脑的这个区域将会被激活 当你用一个词去描述一个东西的时候。 |
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activated:v.使活动;激活;使活化;(activate的过去式和过去分词)
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| A second part of the brain is called the dorsal stream. |
大脑的第二个部分叫做背流。 |
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dorsal:adj.背部的;背的,背侧的;
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| And what it does is locates the object in physical body space. |
它的功能在实体物理空间里 给对象定位。 |
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locates:vt.位于;查找…的地点;vi.定位;定居; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
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| So if you look around the stage here you'll create a kind of mental map of the stage. |
所以如果你看看这个讲台的周围 你会创造一种讲台的心理地图。 |
| And if you closed your eyes you'd be able to mentally navigate it. |
而且如果你闭上眼睛,你还可以继续在大脑内通过这个地图导航。 |
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mentally:adv.精神上,智力上;心理上; navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空;
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| You'd be activating the dorsal stream if you did that. |
如果你这样做的化,你就会激活这个背流。 |
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activating:v.使活动(activate的ing形式);
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| The third part that I'd like to talk about is the limbic system . |
我将要谈到的第三个部分是关于 边缘系统。 |
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limbic system:n.(大脑)边缘系;
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| And this is deep inside of the brain. It's very old, evolutionarily . |
这个是在大脑的最深处。它十份古老,就进化而言。 |
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evolutionarily:进化上;
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| And it's the part that feels. |
它是创造感知的那个部位。 |
| It's the kind of gut center, where you see an image and you go, "Oh! I have a strong or emotional reaction to whatever I'm seeing." |
这就像一个器官中心,当你看到一个图片 然后你觉得, 哦！我正在看的东西 给我一个强烈的反映。 |
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gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的 emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
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| So the combination of these processing centers help us make meaning in very different ways. |
这样结合这些处理中心 就可以帮助我们用不同的方法去创造含义。 |
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combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合;
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| So what can we learn about this? How can we apply this insight ? |
那么我们可以从中学到什么呢？我们如何运用这些我们所观察到的东西呢？ |
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apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; insight:n.洞察力;洞悉;
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| Well, again, the schematic view is that the eye visually interrogates what we look at. |
我们再来图解一下: 眼睛会询问我们所看到了什么。 |
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schematic:adj.图解的;概要的;n.原理图;图解视图; visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地;
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| The brain processes this in parallel , the figments of information asking a whole bunch of questions to create a unified mental model. |
大脑则平行的处理这些虚构的信息, 同时问到很多问题 用来创造一个统一的心智模型。 |
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parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); figments:n.虚构的事;臆造的事物; bunch:n.群;串;突出物;vi.隆起;打褶;形成一串;vt.使成一串;使打褶; unified:adj.统一的;一致标准的;v.统一;使一致(unify的过去分词);
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| So, for example, when you look at this image a good graphic invites the eye to dart around, to selectively create a visual logic . |
这样,打个比方,当你看到这个图像 一个好的平面图像会邀请眼睛在这四周停留, 选择性的去创造一个视觉逻辑。 |
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dart:vt.投掷,投射; vi.向前冲,飞奔; n.飞镖,标枪; logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的;
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| So the act of engaging , and looking at the image creates the meaning. |
这种参与行为,注视图象的过程产生意义 |
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engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
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| It's the selective logic. |
是一个选择性的逻辑。 |
| Now we've augmented this and spatialized this information. |
现在我们已经讨论过了和分类了这个信息。 |
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augmented:adj.增广的;增音的;扩张的; spatialized:空间化的;
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| Many of you may remember the magic wall that we built in conjunction with Perceptive Pixel where we quite literally create an infinite wall. |
你们中的许多人也许记得我们建造的魔术墙壁 那是运用了感知像素的 那里我们实际上创造了一堵无限的墙。 |
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in conjunction with:连同,共同;与…协力; Perceptive:adj.感知的,知觉的;有知觉力的; Pixel:n.象素;图像的基本单位;表示显示在萤幕上的一点; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限;
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| And so we can compare and contrast the big ideas. |
这样一来我们就可以比较和对比一些庞大的思维。 |
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compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
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| So the act of engaging and creating interactive imagery enriches meaning. |
那是用行为和创造互动的影像 来丰富含义。 |
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interactive:adj.合作的;相互影响的;互相配合的;交互式的;n.交互式视频设备; imagery:n.像;意象;比喻;形象化; enriches:vt.使充实;使肥沃;使富足;
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| It activates a different part of the brain. |
这个激活了大脑的不同部分。 |
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activates:v.[电子][物]激活;活化(activate的三单形式);
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| And then the limbic system is activated when we see motion, when we see color. |
然后是边缘系统 被激活,当我们看到动态,当我们看到颜色的时候, |
| and there are primary shapes and pattern detectors that we've heard about before. |
然后这个初级形状和图案探测器 就是我们之前听过的那个。 |
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detectors:n.探测器;侦测设备(detector的复数);
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| So the point of this is what? |
那么这其中的意义是？ |
| We make meaning by seeing, by an act of visual interrogation . |
我们通过看见的来创造含义, 通过一个视觉的审问。 |
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interrogation:n.讯问;审问;[语]疑问句;
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| The lessons for us are three-fold . |
这给我们的启发是3方面的。 |
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three-fold:三倍的;
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| First, use images to clarify what we're trying to communicate. |
第一,用图像来澄清我们所要交流的。 |
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images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Secondly make those images interactive so that we engage much more fully. |
第二,让这些图像是互动的 所以我们会尽可能的投入自己的行为。 |
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engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
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| And the third is to augment memory by creating a visual persistence . |
第三点是增强记忆 通过创造一个持续性的视觉。 |
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persistence:n.持续;固执;存留;坚持不懈;毅力;
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| These are techniques that can be used to be -- that can be applied in a wide range of problem solving. |
这些都是可以被运用在 -- 这些技术可以被广泛运用在 解决各种领域的很多问题上 。 |
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techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
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| So the low-tech version looks like this. |
所以低端的版本看起来是这样的。 |
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low-tech:adj.低技术的;
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| And, by the way , this is the way in which we develop and formulate strategy within Autodesk, in some of our organizations and some of our divisions . |
还有,顺便说一句 ,这就是我们怎么样 用Autodesk开发和 制定计划的。 在我们一部分的机构和部门里, |
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by the way:顺便说一下; formulate:v.制订;规划;准备;确切表达; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; divisions:n.分开;分隔;分配;除(法);不和;差异;(division的复数)
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| What we literally do is have the teams draw out the entire strategic plan on one giant wall. |
我们其实就是把所有的组员 集合在一堵巨大的墙前 来制定工作策略和计划。 |
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strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的
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| And it's very powerful because everyone gets to see everything else. |
这十分有用,因为每个人都可以看到每一个部分。 |
| There's always a room, always a place to be able to make sense of all of the components in the strategic plan. |
这里总有地方,总有一个地方 可以让计划方针里的组件 产生意义。 |
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make sense of:搞清…的意思; components:n.部件;组件;成份(component复数);
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| This is a time-lapse view of it. |
这是一个快进的小电影。 |
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time-lapse:adj.延时的;定时的;
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| You can ask the question, "Who's the boss?" |
你可能问到, 谁是老板？ |
| You'll be able to figure that out. |
你会找出来的。 |
| So the act of collectively and collaboratively building the image transforms the collaboration . |
那么集体分工合作的行为 建立起了图像 近而转化成合作。 |
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collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; collaboratively:adv.合作地;协作地; transforms:v.[数][电]变换; n.语法转化规则; collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌;
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| No Powerpoint is used in two days. |
在这两天里没有用到Powerpoint。 |
| But instead the entire team creates a shared mental model that they can all agree on and move forward on. |
但是整个小组 创造了一个分享的心智模型 这个模型都被他们认可而且可以近一步的发展。 |
| And this can be enhanced and augmented with some emerging digital technology . |
这个过程可以通过采用新兴点子技术 而得到增强和补充。 |
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enhanced:adj.加强的;增大的;v.提高;加强(enhance的过去分词); emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
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| And this is our great unveiling for today. |
今天我们就要进行盛大的揭幕仪式。 |
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unveiling:n.揭幕;计划公布;v.为…揭幕;(首次)展示,介绍;(unveil的现在分词)
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| And this is an emerging set of technologies that use large-screen displays with intelligent calculation in the background to make the invisible visible. |
这个是一个新兴技术, 使用大荧屏, 在后台拥有智能计算功能, 使不可见的内容视觉化。 |
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technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); displays:v.陈列; n.陈列; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
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| Here what we can do is look at sustainability , quite literally. |
这里我们可以非常直接地看到连续性。 |
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sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
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| So a team can actually look at all the key components that heat the structure and make choices and then see the end result that is visualized on this screen. |
所以一个小组实际上可以看着 组成结构的所有关键部分 然后做出决定,再然后看到最后的结果 这整个都被屏幕所视觉化了。 |
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structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; end result:n.最终结果; visualized:adj.直观的;直视的;v.使形象化;想像(visualize的过去式和过去分词);
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| So making images meaningful has three components. |
所以赋予图像含义有三个部件。 |
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meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
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| The first again, is making ideas clear by visualizing them. |
第一个, 是通过视觉化他们来把想法解释的更清楚。 |
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visualizing:v.使形象化;想象;构思;设想;(visualize的现在分词)
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| Secondly, making them interactive. |
第二个,让他们具有互动成分。 |
| And then thirdly, making them persistent . |
然后第三个,让他们具有持久性。 |
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persistent:adj.固执的,坚持的;持久稳固的;
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| And I believe that these three principles can be applied to solving some of the very tough problems that we face in the world today. Thanks so much. |
而且我相信这3个原则 可以被运用到解决一些十分困难的问题上面, 一些世界上我们现在面对的问题上。十分感谢。 |
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principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
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| (Applause) |
掌声 |