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TomGruber_2017-_人工智慧如何强化我们的记忆、工作、及社交生活_
I'm here to offer you a new way to think about my field, artificial intelligence . 今天来到这里,是想邀请大家 从一个新的角度来看我熟悉的领域: 人工智慧。
artificial intelligence:n.人工智能;
I think the purpose of AI is to empower humans with machine intelligence. 我认为人工智慧的目的, 是要用机器智慧来增强人类的能力。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够;
And as machines get smarter, we get smarter. 而随着机器变得更聪明, 我们也会更聪明。
I call this " humanistic AI" -- artificial intelligence designed to meet human needs by collaborating and augmenting people. 我称这个为「人性化人工智慧」── 透过与人工智慧合作并 强化人类的设计方式 来满足人类的需求。
humanistic:adj.人文主义的;人道主义的; collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) augmenting:v.增加;使扩张(augment的ing形式);
Now, today I'm happy to see that the idea of an intelligent assistant is mainstream . 如今,我很高兴能看到 智慧助理的这个想法 能成为主流。
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 mainstream:n.主流;
It's the well-accepted metaphor for the interface between humans and AI. 这象征了人类与人工智慧之间的 互动介面已被广泛接受。
well-accepted:被广泛接受的; metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接;
And the one I helped create is called Siri . 而其中一个 我协助创造的就是 Siri。
Siri:n.iPhone4S上的语音控制功能;
You know Siri. 各位都认识 Siri。
Siri is the thing that knows your intent and helps you do it for you, helps you get things done. Siri 会知道你的意图, 并协助你 把一切搞定。
intent:n.意图;目的;含义;adj.专心的;急切的;坚决的;
But what you might not know is that we designed Siri as humanistic AI, to augment people with a conversational interface that made it possible for them to use mobile computing , regardless of who they were and their abilities. 但各位可能不知道, 当初我们在设计 Siri 时, 就把它定位在 「人性化的人工智慧」, 透过对话介面的方式来强化人类, 让使用行动计算成为可能, 不论他们是谁、 能力如何,都可以使用。
conversational:adj.对话的;健谈的; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
Now for most of us, the impact of this technology is to make things a little bit easier to use. 对我们大多数人而言, 受到这项技术的影响 是让我们在使用东西上 变得比较容易。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
But for my friend Daniel, the impact of the AI in these systems is a life changer . 但对我朋友丹尼尔而言, 却是改变了他一生的人工智慧系统。
changer:n.转换开关装置;改变者(change的名词形式);
You see, Daniel is a really social guy, and he's blind and quadriplegic , which makes it hard to use those devices that we all take for granted . 丹尼尔是个很爱社交的人, 他也是个四肢麻痹的盲人, 我们认为理所当然的装置设备, 对他来说却很难用。
quadriplegic:n.四肢瘫痪者;adj.四肢瘫痪的; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); take for granted:认为…理所当然;
The last time I was at his house, his brother said, "Hang on a second, Daniel's not ready. 上次我去他家,他哥哥说: 「等等,丹尼尔还没准备好。
He's on the phone with a woman he met online." 他正在和他线上认识的女生讲电话。」
I'm like, "That's cool, how'd he do it?" 我说:「好酷,他怎么办到的？」
Well, Daniel uses Siri to manage his own social life -- his email, text and phone -- without depending on his caregivers . 丹尼尔用 Siri 来管理 他自己的社交生活── 他的电子邮件、讯息、电话── 不用依赖他的照护者。
caregivers:n.照顾者;看护人(caregiver的复数);
This is kind of interesting, right? 这挺有趣的,对吧？
The irony here is great. 这也相当讽刺。
irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的;
Here's the man whose relationship with AI helps him have relationships with genuine human beings. 这个人与人工智慧的关系 协助他与真正的人类建立了关系。
genuine:adj.真实的,真正的;诚恳的;
And this is humanistic AI. 这就是人性化的人工智慧。
Another example with life-changing consequences is diagnosing cancer . 还有一个可以 改变人生结果的例子, 也就是癌症诊断。
life-changing:改变人生的; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数); diagnosing:n.诊断;v.诊断(diagnose的现在分词); cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
When a doctor suspects cancer, they take a sample and send it to a pathologist , who looks at it under a microscope . 当医生怀疑你有癌症时, 他们会先取样交给病理学家, 病理学家再利用显微镜来看样本。
suspects:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的第三人称单数) pathologist:n.病理学家; microscope:n.显微镜;
Now, pathologists look at hundreds of slides and millions of cells every day. 病理学家每天要看数百片的载玻片 及数百万个细胞。
pathologists:[病理]病理学家;
So to support this task, some researchers made an AI classifier . 所以为了支援这项工作, 有几位研究人员做出了一种 人工智慧分类器。
classifier:n.[测][遥感]分类器;
Now, the classifier says, "Is this cancer or is this not cancer?" 现在,分类器已经会看着图片说:
looking at the pictures. 「这是不是癌症？」
The classifier was pretty good, but not as good as the person, who got it right most of the time. 分类器挺厉害的, 但没有人类那么厉害, 人类大部份都能判读正确。
But when they combine the ability of the machine and the human together, accuracy went to 99.5 percent. 但,当机器与人类的能力 结合在一起时, 正确率可以达到 99.5%。
accuracy:n.[数]精确度,准确性;
Adding that AI to a partnership eliminated 85 percent of the errors that the human pathologist would have made working alone. 加上人工智慧的协作, 人类病理学家 能减少个人判断时 85% 的错误。
partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; eliminated:v.排除;清除;消除;(比赛中)淘汰;消灭;(eliminate的过去式和过去分词)
That's a lot of cancer that would have otherwise gone untreated . 这相当多啊,很多癌症患者, 当初就是因误判而耽搁了治疗。
untreated:adj.未经处理的;未经治疗的;
Now, for the curious , it turns out that the human was better at rejecting false positives , and the machine was better at recognizing those hard-to-spot cases. 人类因为好奇的原因,所以 比较擅长判断错误的假阳性案例, 而机器比较擅长判断 难以辨别的案例。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; rejecting:v.拒绝接受;拒收;不录用;不出售,不出版;(reject的现在分词) positives:n.实在的事物;阳极板(positive的复数); recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词)
But the lesson here isn't about which agent is better at this image-classification task. 但我们学到的并不是 在比谁在图像分类上比较厉害。
agent:n.代理人,代理商;药剂;特工;v由…作中介;由…代理;adj.代理的;
Those things are changing every day. 那些东西每天都会变。
The lesson here is that by combining the abilities of the human and machine, it created a partnership that had superhuman performance . 这里我们学到的是, 藉由结合人类与机器的能力, 其创造出的合作关系 会有超人般的表现。
superhuman:adj.超人的;人类能力所不能及的;属于神仙的;n.超人; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
And that is humanistic AI. 而这就是人性化的人工智慧 。
Now let's look at another example with turbocharging performance. 我们再举个例子, 这方面的进步也是突飞猛进。
turbocharging:n.涡轮增压;v.用涡轮给…增压;增强(turbocharge的ing形式);
This is design. 那就是「设计。」
Now, let's say you're an engineer. 假设你是个工程师,
You want to design a new frame for a drum . 你想要设计一个新的无人机骨架。
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的; drum:n.鼓; v.打鼓;
You get out your favorite software tools, CAD tools, and you enter the form and the materials, and then you analyze performance. 你拿出你最爱的 软体工具,电脑绘图辅助工具, 你输入了外形和材料, 然后按下分析表现。
CAD:n.无赖,下流人;下流男子,卑鄙的男人; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse);
That gives you one design. 它只会跑出一种设计方案。
If you give those same tools to an AI, it can generate thousands of designs. 如果你把这些工具 拿给人工智慧使用, 它会幫你跑出数千种设计。
generate:v.产生;引起;
This video by Autodesk is amazing. 欧特克做的影片非常震撼。
This is real stuff . 这是真实案例。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
So this transforms how we do design. 这改变了我们设计的方式。
transforms:v.[数][电]变换; n.语法转化规则;
The human engineer now says what the design should achieve, and the machine says, "Here's the possibilities." 现在,人类工程师 只要说出想要达成的设计, 机器就会说: 「有这些可能性方案。」
Now in her job, the engineer's job is to pick the one that best meets the goals of the design, which she knows as a human better than anyone else, using human judgment and expertise . 现在,她的工作,工程师的工作, 就是选出一种最符合目标的设计, 这是她身为人类最擅长的, 用的就是人类的判断和专業。
judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见;
In this case, the winning form looks kind of like something nature would have designed, minus a few million years of evolution and all that unnecessary fur. 在这案例中,脱颖而出的设计 像是自然界设计出来的, 但这样的设计, 不需要几百万年的演化 也不需有那些皮毛。
minus:prep.减,减去;n.负号,减号;不足;负数;adj.减的;负的; evolution:n.演变;进化;发展;渐进;
Now let's see where this idea of humanistic AI might lead us if we follow it into the speculative beyond. 我们现在来想想, 如果我们跟着人性化人工智慧走, 它会把我们带到那些 意想不到的境界？
speculative:adj.投机的;推测的;思索性的;
What's a kind of augmentation that we would all like to have? 我们想要的强化,有哪些方面？
augmentation:n.增加,增大;增加物;
Well, how about cognitive enhancement ? 认知强化如何？
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; enhancement:n.增加;放大;
Instead of asking, "How smart can we make our machines?" 别再问: 「我们能把机器做到多聪明？」
let's ask "How smart can our machines make us?" 我们要改问: 「我们的机器能把我们变多聪明？」
I mean, take memory for example. 我的意思是,例如「记忆力。」
Memory is the foundation of human intelligence. 记忆是人类智慧的基础。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
But human memory is famously flawed . 但人类的记忆力是出名的差。
famously:adv.著名地;极好地; flawed:adj.有缺陷的;有瑕疵的;有裂纹的;
We're great at telling stories, but not getting the details right. 我们很会说故事, 但无法把细节说正确。
And our memories -- they decay over time. 我们的记忆力会随时间衰退。
decay:v.(使)腐烂;破败;(力量、影响等)衰弱;n.腐烂;腐朽;衰退;
I mean, like, where did the '60s go, and can I go there, too? 就像六十年代去哪了？ 我也能去那儿吗？
(Laughter) （笑声）
But what if you could have a memory that was as good as computer memory, and was about your life? 但如果你能拥有和电脑 一样好的记忆力, 而且这些记忆与你的人生有关, 那会如何呢？
what if:如果…怎么办?
What if you could remember every person you ever met, how to pronounce their name, their family details, their favorite sports, the last conversation you had with them? 如果你能记得你见过的每一个人、 叫得出每一个人的名字、 家庭状况的细节、他们最爱的运动、 你和他们上次的对话,那会如何呢？
pronounce:v.发音;读(音);正式宣布(或公布,授予等);
If you had this memory all your life, you could have the AI look at all the interactions you had with people over time and help you reflect on the long arc of your relationships. 如果你一生都有这样的记忆, 你就可以要求人工智慧 去看看你过去 与人们的所有互动, 并协助你反思你的人际关系弧线。
interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) reflect on:仔细考虑,思考;反省;回想,回顾;怀疑; arc:n.弧;弧形;弓形;v.作弧形运动;
What if you could have the AI read everything you've ever read and listen to every song you've ever heard? 如果我们能让人工智慧去阅读 所有你阅读过的东西、 去听你听过的每首歌,会如何呢？
From the tiniest clue , it could help you retrieve anything you've ever seen or heard before. 从最微小的线索,它就能协助你找回 你以前看过或听过的任何东西。
clue:n.提示;迹象;(纵横填字谜、游戏或问题的)提示词语;v.提示;为…提供线索; retrieve:v.取回;索回;检索数据;挽回;找回;n.恢复;
Imagine what that would do for the ability to make new connections and form new ideas. 想像一样,那对于 建立新连结以及产生新点子的 能力会有什么影响。
And what about our bodies? 那么,我们的身体呢？
What if we could remember the consequences of every food we eat, every pill we take, every all-nighter we pull? 如果我们能记得 我们吃过的每样食物、 每颗药物、 记得每次熬夜 K 书的内容, 那会如何？
pill:n.[医]药丸;药品; all-nighter:n.通宵的活动;通宵活动的人;
We could do our own science on our own data about what makes us feel good and stay healthy. 我们可以用自己的资料 来做自己的科学, 找出什么会让我们 感觉很好并保持健康。
And imagine how this could revolutionize the way we manage allergies and chronic disease . 想像一下,这会为我们管理 过敏及慢性病带来怎样的革命。
revolutionize:vt.发动革命;彻底改革;宣传革命;vi.革命化;从事革命; allergies:n.变态反应;过敏反应;(allergy的复数) chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
I believe that AI will make personal memory enhancement a reality. 我相信,人工智慧能够 实现个人记忆的强化。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
I can't say when or what form factors are involved , but I think it's inevitable , because the very things that make AI successful today -- the availability of comprehensive data 我不知道何时或需要那些机缘, 但我认为它是一定会到来的, 因为人工智慧在现今 能够成功的原因, 就是这些综合性资料的可取得性,
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; availability:n.可用性;有效性;实用性; comprehensive:adj.综合的;广泛的;有理解力的;n.综合学校;专业综合测验;
and the ability for machines to make sense of that data -- can be applied to the data of our lives. 以及机器能从这些资料中 理解出意义的能力, 能为我们生活上的资料所用。
make sense of:搞清…的意思; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
And those data are here today, available for all of us, because we lead digitally mediated lives, in mobile and online. 我们现今就已经能够 取得那些资料了, 因为我们可以直接 用手机或上网的方式, 将我们的生活与数位科技做连结。
digitally:adv.数位; mediated:vt.仲裁,调停;调解(mediate的过去式及过去分词形式);
In my view, a personal memory is a private memory. 依我所见,个人的记忆 是私人的记忆。
We get to choose what is and is not recalled and retained . 我们可以选择要或不要, 回忆或保留哪些记忆。
recalled:v.记起;回想起;使想到;勾起;召回;(recall的过去分词和过去式) retained:v.保持;持有;保留;聘请(律师等);(retain的过去分词和过去式)
It's absolutely essential that this be kept very secure. 保持资料的安全绝对是有必要的。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
Now for most of us, the impact of augmented personal memory will be a more improved mental gain, maybe, hopefully, a bit more social grace . 对大部份人来说, 增强个人记忆希望产生的影响会是: 可以获得心智上的成长 或是希望可以有更高雅的社交能力。
augmented:adj.增广的;增音的;扩张的; improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; grace:n.优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲;v.使优美;
But for the millions who suffer from Alzheimer's and dementia , the difference that augmented memory could make is a difference between a life of isolation and a life of dignity and connection. 但对于数百万受阿兹海默症 及痴呆症所苦的人而言, 增加记忆能造成的改变, 就是让那孤独的人生, 变成有尊严及连结的人生。
dementia:n.[内科]痴呆; dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
We are in the middle of a renaissance in artificial intelligence right now. 我们现在正在人工智慧的 文艺复兴时期当中,
renaissance:n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至17世纪);
I mean, in just the past few years, we're beginning to see solutions to AI problems that we have struggled with literally for decades: speech understanding, text understanding, image understanding. 仅仅在过去几年, 我们就开始看到 人工智慧问题的解决方法, 这在过去数十年来, 一直是无法解决的问题,像是: 口语理解、文字理解、 图像理解。
struggled:v.奋斗;努力;争取;艰难地行进;抗争;(struggle的过去式和过去分词) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
We have a choice in how we use this powerful technology. 我们可以选择要 如何使用这强大的技术。
We can choose to use AI to automate and compete with us, or we can use AI to augment and collaborate with us, to overcome our cognitive limitations and to help us do what we want to do, only better. 我们可以选择用人工智慧 来做自动化并与我们竞争、 或我们可以选择用人工智慧 来做增强化并与我们合作, 来克服我们的认知限制, 并协助我们去做我们想要做的事, 而且做得更好。
automate:v.使自动化; compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; limitations:n.局限性;(限制)因素;边界(limitation的复数形式);
And as we discover new ways to give machines intelligence, we can distribute that intelligence to all of the AI assistants in the world, and therefore to every person, regardless of circumstance . 随着我们发掘出新的方式 来将智慧赋予机器, 我们可以把那智慧移转到 全世界所有的人工智慧助理身上, 且不论如何,都要确保 每个人都能因此受惠。
distribute:v.分发;分配;分销;分散; circumstance:n.环境,情况;事件;境遇;
And that is why, every time a machine gets smarter, we get smarter. 那就是为什么 每次当机器变更聪明, 我们也会变更聪明。
That is an AI worth spreading. 而这就是人工智慧值得推广的原因。
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）