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ToddColeman_2015P-_临时纹身，将医院带回家_
Please meet Jane. 这是简。
She has a high-risk pregnancy . 她属于高风险怀孕人群。
high-risk:adj.高危险度的; pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长;
Within 24 weeks, she's on bed rest at the hospital, being monitored for her preterm contractions . 在长达24周的时间里, 她都要躺在医院的病床上, 时刻被监视,以免发生早产。
preterm:n.早产,早产婴儿; contractions:n.收缩;缩略形式(contraction的复数);
She doesn't look the happiest. 她看起来并不开心。
That's in part because it requires technicians and experts to apply these clunky belts on her to monitor her uterine contractions. 一部分是因为她需要携带这些笨重的检测带, 以便技术人员与专家监测她子宫的收缩情况。
technicians:n.[劳经]技术员(technician的复数);工作人员; apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; clunky:adj.沉重的;影响不好的; belts:n.皮带(belt的复数);带子;v.用皮带等围绕;用带扎牢(belt的三单形式); uterine:adj.[解剖]子宫的;同母异父的;
Another reason Jane is not so happy is because she's worried. 简不高兴的另一个原因是她很担心。
In particular , she's worried about what happens after her 10-day stay on bed rest at the hospital. 具体来说,她担心的 是在医院病床上躺了十天之后的情况。
In particular:尤其,特别;
What happens when she's home? 她回家的话会发生什么呢？
If she were to give birth this early it would be devastating . 如果选择提前生产,结果将是难以承受的。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词)
As an African-American woman, she's twice as likely to have a premature birth or to have a stillbirth . 作为一个非裔美国妇女, 出现早产或是死胎的几率 是一般人的两倍。
African-American:非洲裔美国人(指美国黑人); premature:adj.早产的;不成熟的;比预期早的;n.早产儿;过早发生的事物; stillbirth:n.死产;
So Jane basically has one of two options : stay at the hospital on bed rest, a prisoner to the technology until she gives birth, and then spend the rest of her life paying for the bill; or head home after her 10-day stay and hope for the best . 所以简基本只能二选一: 继续呆在医院的病床上, 成为科技的奴隶,直到她生产为止, 并用余生去偿还账单; 或是在10天后选择回家,祈求天助。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; for the best:出于好意;
Neither of these two options seems appealing . 这两种选择听起来都不怎么样。
appealing:adj.吸引人的; v.呼吁; (appeal的现在分词)
As I began to think about stories like this and hear about stories like this, 当我听说这些故事, 尝试去思考它们,
I began to ask myself and imagine: 我就开始质问自己:
Is there an alternative ? 难道没有第三种选择吗？
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
Is there a way we could have the benefits of high-fidelity monitoring that we get with our trusted partners in the hospital while someone is at home living their daily life? 有没有一种办法让人们既能从医院中值得信任的人手上 拿到高可信度的监测结果, 又能在家中正常生活呢？
high-fidelity:n.高保真;高保真度;
With that in mind, 带着这种想法,
I encouraged people in my research group to partner with some clever material scientists, and all of us came together and brainstormed . 我鼓励我研发团队中的成员 去与一些聪明的材料学家合作, 我们聚在一起,集思广益。
brainstormed:adj.集思广益的;v.动脑筋;集思广益;想办法(brainstorm的过去分词);
And after a long process , we came up with a vision , an idea, of a wearable system that perhaps you could wear like a piece of jewelry or you could apply to yourself like a Band-Aid . 很长一段时间过去之后, 我们提出了一种设想,一个点子, 那就是一种便携式的系统, 就像佩戴珠宝或是贴块儿膏药一样容易操作。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; wearable:adj.可穿用的,可佩带的;耐用的;n.衣服; Band-Aid:n.创可贴;adj.补缀的;
And after many trials and tribulations and years of endeavors , we were able to come up with this flexible electronic patch that was manufactured using the same processes that they use to build computer chips , 在经过许多次失败的尝试和多年的努力之后, 我们终于做出了这款柔性电子贴膜。 它的制作过程与 生产电脑芯片的过程大同小异,
tribulations:n.苦难(tribulation的复数形式); endeavors:尽力; come up with:提出;想出;赶上; flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; patch:n.补丁;小片;眼罩;色斑;v.修补;打补丁;缝补; manufactured:adj.制造的,已制成的;v.制造,加工(manufacture的过去式); processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); chips:炸土豆条(chip的复数)
except the electronics are transferred from a semiconductor wafer onto a flexible material that can interface with the human body. 除了电子元件从半导体晶片 转移到了能与人类皮肤相贴合的柔性材料上。
electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式) semiconductor:n.[电子][物]半导体; wafer:n.圆片,晶片;薄片,干胶片;薄饼;圣饼;v.用干胶片封; interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接;
These systems are about the thickness of a human hair. 这套产品的厚度只相当于人类的头发直径。
thickness:n.厚度;层;浓度;含混不清;
They can measure the types of information that we want, things such as: bodily movement, bodily temperature, electrical rhythms of the body and so forth. 它们能检测我们需要的信息, 比如: 人体的运动, 体温, 人体电信号节律, 等等其他信息。
bodily:adv.整体地;亲自地;以肉体形式;adj.身体的;肉体的; electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; rhythms:韵律;
We can also engineer these systems, so they can integrate energy sources , and can have wireless transmission capabilities. 我们还可以改造这套系统, 使它们可以整合能源, 或者拥有无线电传输功能。
integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的; sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; transmission:n.传输;传染;播送;发射;广播;传动装置;
So as we began to build these types of systems, we began to test them on ourselves in our research group. 因此,当我们开始创建这套系统, 我们就把自身当作实验对象。
But in addition , we began to reach out to some of our clinical partners in San Diego, and test these on different patients in different clinical conditions, including moms-to-be like Jane. 另外,我们也联系了在圣地亚哥的 合作诊所, 在不同的病患身上依据不同临床状况做测试, 也包括一些像简一样即将作母亲的人。
addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物; clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
Here is a picture of a pregnant woman in labor at our university hospital being monitored for her uterine contractions with the conventional belt. 这是一位正在我们大学医院 接受传统腰带法检测子宫收缩情况的孕妇。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的;
In addition, our flexible electronic patches are there. 同时, 她也使用了我们的柔性电子贴片。
patches:n.斑点;小块;补丁;眼罩;v.打补丁;缝补;修补;(patch的第三人称单数和复数)
This picture demonstrates waveforms pertaining to the fetal heart rate, where the red corresponds to what was acquired with the conventional belts, and the blue corresponds to our estimates using our flexible electronic systems and our algorithms. 这张图演示了胎儿心率的波形图。 其中,红色对应传统腰带的 采集结果, 蓝色对应我们用柔性电子检测贴片 以及我们的算法做出的预估值。
demonstrates:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;演示;(demonstrate的第三人称单数) waveforms:n.[物][电子]波形(waveform的复数); pertaining:adj.与…有关系的;v.存在;适用;n.附属(物);(pertain的现在分词) fetal:adj.胎的,胎儿的; corresponds:v.相一致;符合;类似于;相当于;通信;(correspond的第三人称单数) acquired:adj.习得的; v.获得; (acquire的过去分词和过去式) estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数)
At this moment, we gave ourselves a big mental high five . 这个结果, 给予了我们莫大的精神鼓舞。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; high five:举手击掌
Some of the things we had imagined were beginning to come to fruition , and we were actually seeing this in a clinical context . 我们所梦想的这一切已经开始取得初步成果, 我们也能在真正的临床背景下目睹进展。
fruition:n.完成,成就;结果实; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
But there was still a problem. 但仍然存在一个问题。
The problem was, the way we manufactured these systems was very inefficient , had low yield and was very error-prone . 我们生产这种系统的 能效不足, 产率低下, 而且出错率高。
inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的; yield:n.产量;产出;利润;v.屈服;让步;放弃;提供; error-prone:adj.易于出错的;
In addition, as we talked to some of the nurses in the hospital, they encouraged us to make sure that our electronics worked with typical medical adhesives that are used in a hospital. 另外, 当我们与医院中的护士们交流时, 她们希望我们能确保 医院里常用的医用胶布 也能作为我们系统的载体。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; adhesives:n.[胶粘]粘合剂(adhesive的复数);
We had an epiphany and said, "Wait a minute. 我们茅塞顿开,回答道:“等一下,
epiphany:对事物真谛的顿悟;
Rather than just making them work with adhesives, let's integrate them into adhesives, and that could solve our manufacturing problem." 与其只是让系统和胶布绑定, 不如干脆把系统直接内置在胶布上 这也会同时解决批量生产上的问题。”
manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
This picture that you see here is our ability to embed these censors inside of a piece of Scotch tape by simply peeling it off of a wafer. 你们现在看到的这张图, 展现了我们通过简单晶片表层剥离技术, 使将检测系统整合入透明胶带中的能力。
embed:vt.栽种;使嵌入,使插入;使深留脑中; censors:监察官; Scotch tape:n.思高(3M公司注册商标)胶带;
Ongoing work in our research group allows us to, in addition, embed integrated circuits into the flexible adhesives to do things like amplifying signals and digitizing them, processing them and encoding for wireless transmission. 我们实验小组的持续研究还让我们 能够将集成电路做进柔性胶带中, 实现信号放大,数字化, 加工处理, 以及无线电传输的编码工作。
Ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的; integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) circuits:n.环行路线;电路;线路;巡回赛;v.巡回;周游;(circuit的第三人称单数和复数) amplifying:adj.放大的; digitizing:v.[计]数字化(digitize的ing形式); processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词) encoding:n.[计]编码;v.[计]编码(encode的ing形式);
All of this integrated into the same medical adhesives that are used in the hospital. 这一切都被整合进入 这同一款医用胶布当中。
So when we reached this point, we had some other challenges, from both an engineering as well as a usability perspective , to make sure that we could make it used practically . 当我们达到这个目标时, 我们又面临了来自工程, 来自实用领域的新挑战, 我们需要确保它简单易用。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; usability:n.合用,可用;可用性; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; practically:adv.实际地;几乎;事实上;
In many digital health discussions, people believe in and embrace the idea that we can simply digitize the data, wirelessly transmit it, send it to the cloud, and in the cloud, we can extract meaningful information for interpretation . 在许多数字化健康讨论当中, 人们坚信一个观点,那就是我们可以将数据轻松数字化, 将其无线传输, 发送到云端, 并在云端当中 提取有价值的信息进行分析。
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; digitize:vt.[计]数字化; wirelessly:用无线电报与…联系;用无线电报发送(信息等):;;打无线电报;打无线电话; transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染; extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; interpretation:n.解释;翻译;演出;
And indeed, you can do all of that, if you're not worried about some of the energy challenges. 确实,这些都能实现, 前提是系统不存在能耗问题。
Think about Jane for a moment. 想一下简。
She doesn't live in Palo Alto , nor does she live in Beverly Hills. 她并不居住在帕洛阿尔托, 也不住在贝弗利山庄。
Alto:n.女低音;男声最高音;中音乐器;adj.中音部的;
What that means is, we have to be mindful about her data plan and how much it would cost for her to be sending out a continuous stream of data. 这意味着什么呢？ 我们必须充分考虑她的数据流量,发出持续的信号流 是否会导致高昂的开销。
mindful:adj.留心的;记住的;警觉的; continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的;
There's another challenge that not everyone in the medical profession is comfortable talking about. 还有另一个挑战, 这并不是每一个医疗领域的从业者都愿提及的。
profession:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;
And that is, that Jane does not have the most trust in the medical establishment . 那就是,简对待医疗机构 没有充分的信任。
establishment:n.大型组织;企业;旅馆;权威人士;建立;
She, people like her, her ancestors, have not had the best experiences at the hands of doctors and the hospital or insurance companies. 她,还有和她一样的人们,他们的前辈们都曾经 对医生,医院,或是保险公司留下过 不好的印象。
insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
That means that we have to be mindful of questions of privacy . 这表明我们必须注意个人隐私的问题。
privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
Jane might not feel that happy about all that data being processed into the cloud. 简可能会为 数据全部传送至云端而感到担忧。
processed:v.加工,处理;审核;列队行进;(process的过去式和过去分词)
And Jane cannot be fooled; she reads the news. 通过读新闻, 简是不会轻易被骗的。
She knows that if the federal government can be hacked , if the Fortune 500 can be hacked , so can her doctor. 她知道如果联邦政府系统都可以被黑, 如果“财富”500强企业都可以被黑, 她医生的系统也可能被黑。
federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; hacked:v.砍;劈;猛踢;非法侵入(hack的过去分词和过去式) Fortune:n.财富;命运;运气;v.给予财富,偶然发生
And so with that in mind, we had an epiphany. 想到这一点, 我们不由得灵机一动:
We cannot outsmart all the hackers in the world, but perhaps we can present them a smaller target. 既然不能做到比世界上所有的黑客都更加聪明, 不如我们把自己变小,淡出他们的目标。
outsmart:vt.比…更聪明;用计谋打败; hackers:n.黑客,骇客;电脑黑客(hacker的复数);
What if we could actually, rather than have those algorithms that do data interpretation run in the cloud, what if we have those algorithms run on those small integrated circuits embedded into those adhesives? 如果说我们可以 将原本在云端当中进行的 数据算法过程 转移到一个内嵌于贴片的小型 集成电路当中呢？
What if:如果…怎么办?
And so when we integrate these things together, what this means is that now we can think about the future where someone like Jane can still go about living her normal daily life, she can be monitored, 这样我们就能做到彻底的整合, 借此来想像一下未来, 像简一样的人们可以过着正常人的生活, 同时被监控着,
it can be done in a way where she doesn't have to get another job to pay her data plan, and we can also address some of her concerns about privacy. 她也不需要找第二份工作 来支付数据流量, 我们也能缓解她的部分疑虑和担忧。
concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式);
So at this point, we're feeling very good about ourselves. 基于这种情况, 我们对自己的表现很满意。
We've accomplished this, we've begun to address some of these questions about privacy and we feel like, pretty much the chapter is closed now. 我们做到了, 我们成功解决了关于个人隐私的问题, 我们觉得这件事基本告一段落了。
accomplished:adj.完成的;有技巧的;有学问的;v.完成;(accomplish的过去分词和过去式)
Everyone lived happily ever after, right? 所有人从此过上幸福的生活,是这样吗？
Well, not so fast. 不,还没这么快。
(Laughter) （笑声）
One of the things we have to remember, as I mentioned earlier, is that Jane does not have the most trust in the medical establishment. 就像我之前提到的,还有一件我们需要记住的事情, 那就是简对于医疗机构没有充分的信任。
We have to remember that there are increasing and widening health disparities , and there's inequity in terms of proper care management . 健康服务的两极分化在不断扩大, 在适当护理管理方面仍存在不公平的现象。
widening:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大;(widen的现在分词) disparities:不一致(disparity的复数); inequity:n.不公平,不公正; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
And so what that means is that this simple picture of Jane and her data -- even with her being comfortable being wirelessly transmitted to the cloud, letting a doctor intervene if necessary -- is not the whole story. 也就是说, 当她已经能舒适的将数据传送至云端, 在必要时才让医生来干预—— 这还并非故事的全部。
transmitted:v.传送;输送;发射;播送;传播;传染;(transmit的过去分词和过去式) intervene:vi.干涉;调停;插入;
So what we're beginning to do is to think about ways to have trusted parties serve as intermediaries between people like Jane and her health care providers . 所以我们下一步的目标, 是去思考如何让值得被信任的机构成为 像简这样的病患和医生之间的中间人。
intermediaries:n.中介机构;中间商;仲裁者,调解者(intermediary的复数); health care:n.卫生保健; providers:n.供应者;提供者;供养人;(provider的复数)
For example, we've begun to partner with churches and to think about nurses that are church members, that come from that trusted community , as patient advocates and health coaches to people like Jane. 举个例子,我们已经开始和教会合作, 我们考虑那些是教会成员的护士们, 她们是被信赖的群体, 让她们成为像简一样的人们的健康私教。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; advocates:n.拥护者; vt.主张(advocate的第三人称单数);
Another thing we have going for us is that insurance companies, increasingly , are attracted to some of these ideas. 随之而来的还有一件事, 许多保险公司也陆续的 开始关注我们的这些想法。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地;
They're increasingly realizing that perhaps it's better to pay one dollar now for a wearable device and a health coach, rather than paying 10 dollars later, when that baby is born prematurely and ends up in the neonatal intensive care unit -- one of the most expensive parts of a hospital. 他们逐渐意识到 可能花费一点儿钱 去支付便携式设备和健康教练, 要比之后因孩子早产 而要常住新生儿ICU, 医院中最贵的部门之一, 从而产生的大比花销要稍微好点儿。
device:n.装置;策略;图案; prematurely:adv.过早地;早熟地; neonatal:adj.新生的;初生的; intensive care:n.(医院里的)特别护理病房;重症监护;
This has been a long learning process for us. 我们经历了漫长的学习过程。
This iterative process of breaking through and attacking one problem and not feeling totally comfortable, and identifying the next problem, has helped us go along this path 这个反复的过程——每当突破一个问题, 并不感到满足, 而是接着提出下一个问题, 这帮助我们遵循这样一条道路,
iterative:adj.[数]迭代的;重复的,反复的;n.反复体; identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词)
of actually trying to not only innovate with this technology but make sure it can be used for people who perhaps need it the most. 就是不仅为了科技创新, 而且为了造福真正需要他们的人。
innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新;vt.改变;创立;创始;引人;
Another learning lesson we've taken from this process that is very humbling , is that as technology progresses and advances at an accelerating rate, we have to remember that human beings are using this technology, and we have to be mindful that these human beings -- they have a face, they have a name and a life. 我们学会的另一件事, 一件非常谦卑的事, 是伴随着科技的迅速发展, 我们必须铭记使用这些科技的是人类, 我们必须铭记 这些人——他们有血有肉, 他们有自己的名字, 他们有自己的生活。
humbling:adj.令人羞辱的;v.羞辱(humble的ing形式);使…谦恭;使…卑贱; accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的;
And in the case of Jane, hopefully, two. 在简的例子中是这样, 还有她即将出生的孩子。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）