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TimFerriss_2008P-_无所畏惧，学无止境_
This is Tim Ferriss circa 1979 A.D. age two. 这是公元1979年的提姆·费里斯,两岁。
circa:prep.大约于;adv.大约;
You can tell by the power squat , I was a very confident boy -- and not without reason. 从这个强力深蹲看得出,我是一个很自信的小孩 这是有原因的。
squat:v.蹲,蹲下;蹲坐;蹲伏;使蹲坐;n.蹲坐,蜷伏;adj.蹲着的;矮胖的; confident:adj.自信的;确信的;
I had a very charming routine at the time, which was to wait until late in the evening when my parents were decompressing from a hard day's work, doing their crossword puzzles , watching television. 我当时一个很迷人的惯例 就是等到夜深人静时, 当我父母在熬完了一天的辛苦工作之后 在做填字游戏、看电视的时候。
charming:adj.令人着迷的;吸引人的;v.吸引;迷住;控制,保护;(charm的现在分词) decompressing:n.减压;v.缓缓排除压力(decompress的ing形式); crossword:n.纵横字谜;纵横填字游戏; puzzles:智力游戏;谜题(puzzle的第三人称单数和复数)
I would run into the living room , jump up on the couch , rip the cushions off, throw them on the floor, scream at the top of my lungs, and run out because I was the Incredible Hulk . 我会冲进客厅,跳上沙发, 撕开靠垫,把它们摔到地上, 用尽全力地尖叫,然后跑出去 因为我是绿巨人。
living room:n.客厅;起居室; couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着; rip:v.撕破;突然拉开;割开;n.撕开的大口子;巨澜;清管器;废马; cushions:n.软垫; v.起缓冲作用; Incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; Hulk:n.废船;笨重的船;船体;vi.庞然大物般出现;赫然显现;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Obviously, you see the resemblence. 你能明显地看出相似之处来。
And this routine went on for some time. 这个惯例持续了一段时间。
When I was seven I went to summer camp . 七岁的时候,我参加了夏令营。
summer camp:n.夏令营;
My parents found it necessary for peace of mind. 我父母觉得这对他们的内心平静非常必要。
And at noon each day the campers would go to a pond , where they had floating docks . 每天中午, 参加夏令营的孩子都会去到湖边 湖边有浮动船坞。
campers:n.露营者; v.在野营车中旅行或住宿(camper的三单形式); pond:n.池塘;水池(尤指人工的);v.把…挖成池塘;堵(溪流)水成池; docks:n.[水运]码头; v.船入港;
You could jump off the end into the deep end. 你能从船坞尽头跳进湖的深处。
I was born premature . I was always very small. 我是早产儿。我一直个子很小。
premature:adj.早产的;不成熟的;比预期早的;n.早产儿;过早发生的事物;
My left lung had collapsed when I was born. 从出生起,我的左肺就闭合了。
collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
And I've always had buoyancy problems. 因此我身体的浮力一向不好。
buoyancy:n.浮力;轻快;轻松的心情;(股票)保持高价或回升;
So water is something that scared me to begin with, but I would go in on occasion . 我开始时很害怕下水, 不过偶尔也会尝试。
on occasion:有时;偶尔;
And on one particular day, the campers were jumping through innertubes. 有一天, 孩子们玩起了跳救生圈游戏。
They were diving through innertubes. And I thought this would be great fun. 他们跳进水上的救生圈,潜到水里。我觉得这很有趣。
diving:n.潜水;跳水;跳水运动;v.下潜;跳水;潜水;(dive的现在分词)
So I dove through the innertube, and the bully of the camp grabbed my ankles. 于是我穿过救生圈潜进水里, 这时夏令营里的一个坏孩子抓住了我的脚踝。
dove:n.鸽子;鸽派人士;v.潜水(dive的过去式); bully:vt.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;n.仗势欺人者;adj.快活的;盛气凌人的; grabbed:v.抓住;攫取;抓住,夺得;(grab的过去分词和过去式)
And I tried to come up for air, and my lower back hit the bottom of the tube. 我想出水换气, 但后背被救生圈底部顶住了。
I went wild eyed and thought I was going to die. 我慌得不行,以为自己要完蛋了。
A camp counselor fortunately came over and separated us. 一个夏令营指导员凑巧经过,拉开了我们。
counselor:n.顾问;法律顾问;参事(等于counsellor); fortunately:adv.幸运地;
From that point onward I was terrified of swimming. 从那时起,我对游泳产生了恐惧。
onward:adj.向前的;前进的;adv.向前;在前面;
That is something that I did not get over. 我一直没能克服它。
My inability to swim has been one of my greatest humiliations and embarassments. 身为旱鸭子一直是 最令我不堪和尴尬的事情之一。
inability:n.无能力;无才能; humiliations:n.丢脸,耻辱;蒙羞;谦卑;
That is when I realized that I was not the Incredible Hulk. 那让我意识到,我并不是绿巨人。
But there is a happy ending to this story. 但这个故事有了一个好结局。
At age 31, that's my age now, in August I took two weeks to re-examine swimming, and question all the of the obvious aspects of swimming. 31岁时,就是我现在的年龄 去年八月,我用了两周时间重新审视游泳, 并对关于游泳的所有 “显而易见” 的方面提出了质疑。
re-examine:vt.再检验; obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
And went from swimming one lap, so 20 yards, like a drowning monkey, at about 200 beats per minute heart rate, 从只能像一头落水狗一样 游一泳道,大概18米, 每分钟心跳 200 下,
drowning:v.溺水;淹没;淹死,溺死;浸泡;(drown的现在分词)
I measured it, to going to Montauk on Long Island close to where I grew up and jumping into the ocean and swimming one kilometer in open water, getting out and feeling better than when I went in. 我量过, 到从长岛的蒙淘克 我长大的地方附近, 跃入海里,游上一公里公开水域, 出水时感觉比入水时还好。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
And I came out, in my Speedos , European style, feeling like the Incredible Hulk. 我出水时 穿着欧式的泳衣, 自我感觉像极了绿巨人。
Speedos:n.速度计;速率计(speedo的复数);
And that's what I want everyone in here to feel like, the Incredible Hulk, at the end of this presentation . 我希望当这个演讲结束时, 在场的各位都能感觉像绿巨人。
presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送;
More specifically , I want you to feel like you're capable of becoming an excellent long distance swimmer , a world class language learner, and a tango champion. 具体来说,我希望你能觉得 你有能力成为一个优秀的长距离游泳健将, 一个世界级的语言学者, 和一个探戈冠军。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; swimmer:n.游泳者; tango:n.探戈舞;探戈舞曲;vi.跳探戈舞;
And I would like to share my art. 我还想分享我的艺术。
If I have an art it's deconstructing things that really scare the living hell out of me. 如果说我擅长一门艺术,那就是解构那些 能把我吓个半死的东西。
deconstructing:v.解构(deconstruct的现在分词); living hell:n.活受煎熬;活地狱;活受罪;人间地狱;
So, moving onward. 好,言归正传。
Swimming, first principles . 游泳,首要原则。
first principles:n.基本原理;基本原则;
First principles, this is very important. 首要原则非常重要。
I find that the best results in life are often held back by false constructs and untested assumptions . 我发现生命中本能获得的杰出成就 往往被错误的概念和未经测试的假设所拖累。
constructs:n.构念(construct的复数);建筑物;构图;v.设计(construct的三单形式);建造; untested:adj.未经检验的;[试验]未试验的; assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数)
And the turnaround in swimming came when a friend of mine said, "I will go a year without any stimulants " -- this is a six-double-espresso-per-day type of guy -- "if you can complete a one kilometer open water race." 学游泳的转机,是当 一个朋友对我说:“我能一年不服用任何兴奋剂…” 这是一个每天六杯浓咖啡的家伙 “…只要你能完成一公里公开水域游泳赛。”
turnaround:n.转变;转向;突然好转;回车道; stimulants:n.[药]兴奋剂;刺激剂(stimulant的复数形式);
So the clock started ticking. 倒计时开始了。
I started seeking out triathletes because I found that lifelong swimmers often couldn't teach what they did. 我开始寻访三项全能运动员们 因为我发现经验丰富的游泳运动员们往往不懂教游泳。
seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) triathletes:n.参加三项全能比赛的运动员; swimmers:n.游泳者(swimmer的复数形式);白色有光绒面呢;
I tried kickboards. 我试过用踢水板
My feet would slice through the water like razors. 我双脚像剃刀一般破开水面。
slice:n.片; v.切成片; (很容易地)切开;
I wouldn't even move. I would leave demoralized , staring at my feet. 但却丝毫不前进。我看着双脚,感觉很沮丧。
demoralized:adj.士气低落的; v.使士气低落; staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词)
Hand paddles , everything. 划手板什么的我统统试过。
paddles:n.船桨(paddle的复数);划浆;v.划桨(paddle的三单形式);
Even did lessons with Olympians, nothing helped. 还上过奥运会冠军的课,都没有帮助。
And then Chris Sacca, who is now a dear friend mine, had completed an Iron Man with 103 degree temperature, said, "I have the answer to your prayers." 现在成了我的好友的克里斯·沙查, 当时刚刚在54度的气温下完成了铁人三项, 说:“我知道你该怎么办。”
And he introduced me to the work of a man named Terry Laughlin who is the founder of Total Immersion Swimming. 他将泰瑞.罗克林的作品 介绍了给我。 泰瑞是“完全沉浸游泳”的发明人。
Terry:n.厚绒布;毛毛圈;adj.起毛毛圈的; founder:vi.失败;沉没;倒塌;变跛;vt.破坏;使摔倒;垮掉;n.创始人;建立者;翻沙工; Immersion:n.沉浸;陷入;专心;
That set me on the road to examining biomechanics . 这使我踏上了探索生物力学的旅程。
biomechanics:n.生物力学;生物机械学;
So here are the new rules of swimming, if any of you are afraid of swimming, or not good at it. 下面是游泳的全新法则, 送给你们中害怕游泳或者不善于游泳的人。
The first is, forget about kicking. Very counterintuitive . 第一条是:忘掉踢腿。非常不合常理。
counterintuitive:adj.违反直觉的;
So it turns out that propulsion isn't really the problem. 其实推进力并非问题的关键所在。
propulsion:n.推进;推进力;
Kicking harder doesn't solve the problem because the average swimmer only transfers about three percent of their energy expenditure into forward motion . 用力踢腿并不能解决问题。 因为一般游泳的人只将他们所用的能量 中的3%转化为前进的动力。
transfers:n.[电子][计]传输(tansfer的复数); v.[计]转移; expenditure:n.支出,花费;经费,消费额; motion:n.动作;移动;手势;请求;意向;议案;v.运动;打手势;
The problem is hydrodynamics . 关键在于液体动力。
hydrodynamics:n.[流]流体力学;[流]水动力学;流体动力学;
So what you want to focus on instead is allowing your lower body to draft behind behind your upper body, much like a small car behind a big car on the highway. 因此,你应当注意的是 让你的下身拖在你上身之后, 就像高速公路上跟在大车后面的小车一样。
draft:n.草案; v.起草; adj.供役使的; upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂;
And you do that by maintaining a horizontal body position. 你通过保持身体水平做到这一点。
maintaining:n.维护;保养;v.维持;保养;(maintain的现在分词) horizontal:n.水平线;水平面;横线;水平位置;adj.水平的;与地面平行的;横的;
The only way you can do that is to not swim on top of the water. 你能做到这一点的唯一方法 就是不游在水面上。
The body is denser than water. 95 percent of it would be, at least, submerged naturally . 人体比水密度大。身体至少95%部分 会自然地沉在水面下。
denser:adj.密集的; (dense的比较级) submerged:adj.在水中的; v.(使)潜入水中,淹没; (submerge的过去式和过去分词) naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
So you end up, number three, not swimming, in the case of freestyle , on your stomach, as many people think, reaching on top of the water. 结果就是,第三点, 当游自由式时,你并不是想大多数人想象的 浮在水面上,面朝下地游
freestyle:n.自由式;adj.自由式的;adv.自由地;随心所欲地;
But actually rotating from streamlined right, to streamlined left, maintaining that fuselage position as long as possible. 而是从右流线型到 左流线型地交替 尽可能久地保持那个身体姿势。
rotating:v.(使)旋转,转动;(工作)由…轮值;(rotate的现在分词) streamlined:adj.流线型的; v.使成流线型; fuselage:n.[航]机身(飞机); as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
So let's look at some examples. This is Terry. 我们来看一些例子。这是泰瑞。
And you can see that he's extending his right arm below his head and far in front. 你看他向头部以下 伸展出他的右臂。
extending:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;(extend的现在分词)
And so his entire body really is underwater . 因此他全身其实都在水下。
underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下;
The arm is extended below the head. 手臂向头部以下伸出。
extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词)
The head is held in line with the spine , so that you use strategic water pressure to raise your legs up -- very important, especially for people with lower body fat. 头部和脊柱保持直线, 令你能够利用水压抬起你的双腿。 这点非常重要,尤其是对于身体脂肪含量少的人来说。
in line with:符合;与…一致; spine:n.脊柱,脊椎;刺;书脊; strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Here is an example of the stroke . 这是一个击水的例子。
stroke:n.中风;笔画;钟声;抚摩;v.抚摩(动物的毛皮);轻抚;轻挪;轻触;
So you don't kick. But you do use a small flick . 你并不踢水,而是轻微地拨水。
flick:v.轻弹;忽然摇动;轻轻拂去;n.弹开;快速的轻打;轻打声;
You can see this is the left extension . 这是左前伸。
extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机;
Then you see his left leg. 你看他的左腿
Small flick, and the only purpose of that is to rotate his hips so he can get to the opposite side. 轻微地拨水,这样做的唯一目的 是为了旋转他的臀部,好让他转向另一侧。
rotate:v.旋转;转动;轮换;使…轮流; hips:n.臀部;髋;臀部…的;野蔷薇果(hip的复数)
And the entry point for his right hand -- notice this, he's not reaching in front and catching the water. 然后,注意他右手的切入点 他并不是伸手向前破水
Rather he is entering the water at a 45-degree angle with his forearm , then propelling himself by streamlining -- very important. 而是将前臂以45度 切入水中, 带动身体流线型前进, 这点很重要。
forearm:n.前臂;v.预先武装;准备; propelling:adj.推进的;n.推进;v.推动(propel的ing形式); streamlining:v.使成流线型;使效率更高;使增产节约;(streamline的现在分词)
Incorrect, above, which is what almost every swimming coach will teach you. 上图不正确,不过几乎所有游泳教练都会这么教你。
Not their fault, honestly. 老实说,这不能怪他们。
And I'll get to implicit versus explicit in a moment . 我一会儿会谈内隐和外显的区别。
implicit:adj.含蓄的;暗示的;盲从的; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; explicit:adj.明确的;清楚的;直率的;详述的; in a moment:立刻;
Below is what most swimmers will find enables them to do what I did, which is going from 21 strokes per 20-yard length, to 11 strokes, in two workouts , with no coach, no video monitor. 下图是能让大多数泳者 也能做我所做到的, 那就是从每18米21次击水, 进步到11次击水, 只用两次练习,不用教练,不用录影。
enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) strokes:n.中风; v.轻抚; (stroke的第三人称单数和复数) workouts:n.锻炼;练习;试验;
And now I love swimming. I can't wait to go swimming. 现在我爱极了游泳。我等不及再去游泳。
I'll be doing a swimming lesson later, for myself, if anyone wants to join me. 我一会儿会亲自开一堂游泳课,如果有人想参加。
Last thing, breathing. A problem a lot of us have, certainly, when you're swimming. 最后,呼吸,一个我们大多数人在游泳时会遇到的问题。
In freestyle, easiest way to remedy this is to turn with body roll, and just to look at your recovery hand as it enters the water. 游自由式时,最简单的补救方法 就是随着身体转动 看着你入水的手
remedy:vt.补救;治疗;纠正;n.补救;治疗;赔偿; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获;
And that will get you very far. 这能让你游上很远。
That's it. That's really all you need to know. 到此为止。你要知道的真的只有这些。
Languages. Material versus method. 语言。教材对方法。
I, like many people, came to the conclusion that I was terrible at languages. 我和许多人一样认为 我没有学语言的天分。
conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论;
I suffered through Spanish for junior high, first year of high school. 我初中和高一时,西班牙语学得痛苦极了。
junior:n.青少年;职位较低者;adj.青少年的;地位低下的;
And the sum total of my knowledge was pretty much, "Donde esta el bano?" 我最后记得的就只有一句 Donde esta el bano （厕所在哪里？）
And I wouldn't even catch the response . A sad state of affairs. 而且我连回答都听不懂。凄凉得很。
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
Then I transferred to a different school sophomore year. 然后,我高二时转了校。
transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式) sophomore:n.(大学)二年级学生:(高中)二年级学生:
I had a choice of other languages. Most of my friends were taking Japanese. 我可以选一门别的语言课。我的大多数朋友都选了日语。
So I thought why not punish myself? I'll do Japanese. 我想:我为什么不也折腾我自己一下呢？于是我选了日语。
Six months later I had the chance to go to Japan. 半年后,我有一个去日本的机会。
My teachers assured me, they said, "Don't worry. 我的老师们鼓励我说:“别担心。
assured:adj.确定的;自信的;n.被保险人;v.保证;确实;(assure的过去分词和过去式);
You'll have Japanese language classes every day to help you cope . 你每天都会上日语课,帮你适应。
cope:v.处理;n.大圆衣;
It will be an amazing experience." My first overseas experience in fact. 这会是一次难忘的经历。” 事实上这也是我的第一次海外生活。
overseas:adv.在海外,海外;adj.海外的,国外的;
So my parents encouraged me to do it. I left. 我的父母也鼓励我去。于是我上路了。
I arrived in Tokyo. Amazing. 我来到了东京。难忘啊。
I couldn't believe I was on the other side of the world. 我不敢相信我来到了世界的另一端。
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
I met my host family. Things went quite well I think, all things considered. 我和我的寄宿家庭会面了。我觉得 总体来说,一切进展得很顺利
My first evening, before my first day of school, 第一个晚上,我开学前的一天,
I said to my mother, very politely, "Please wake me up at eight a.m." 我很有礼貌地对寄宿妈妈说: “请在早上八点叫醒我。”
So, (Japanese) 也就是（日语）
But I didn't say (Japanese). I said, (Japanese). Pretty close. 但是我没有说（日语）。我说成了（日语）。很接近。
But I said, "Please rape me at eight a.m." 但是我说的是:“请在早上八点强奸我。”
rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴;
(Laughter) （笑声）
You've never seen a more confused Japanese woman. 你找不到比她更一头雾水的日本女人了。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
I walked in to school. 我走进学校。
And a teacher came up to me and handed me a piece of paper. 一位老师走过来,递给我一张纸。
I couldn't read any of it -- hieroglyphics , it could have been -- because it was Kanji , 我一个字也不认识 ── 那都是象形文字 那是汉字,
hieroglyphics:n.[语]象形文字;难以辨认或理解的文字(hieroglyphic的复数形式); Kanji:n.日本汉字;
Chinese characters adapted into the Japanese language. 日语中使用的中国文字。
adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式)
Asked him what this said. 我问他这上面说的是什么。
And he goes, "Ahh, okay okay, eehto, World History, ehh, Calculus , 他说:“啊,没问题, 嗯…世界历史…嗯…微积分
Calculus:n.[病理]结石;微积分学;
Traditional Japanese." And so on. 传统日语…” 依此类推。
Traditional:传统的,惯例的,
And so it came to me in waves. 一波波地向我涌来。
There had been something lost in translation. 事实上翻译中出了错。
The Japanese classes were not Japanese instruction classes, per se . 日语课不是教日语的课
per se:adv.本身;本质上;
They were the normal high school curriculum for Japanese students. 而且为一般日本高中生开设的日常课程。
curriculum:n.课程;总课程;
The other 4,999 students in the school, who were Japanese, besides the American. 也就是学校里另外4999名日本学生,除了我这个美国人。
besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外;
And that's pretty much my response. 我的反应大概就像这样。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And that set me on this panic driven search for the perfect language method. 这恐慌使我开始寻找完美的学语言方法。
panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措;
I tried everything. I went to Kinokuniya. 我试遍了所有方法。我跑到纪伊国屋书店、
I tried every possible book, every possible CD. 试遍了每一本书,每一套CD。
Nothing worked until I found this. 什么都没有用,直到我发现了这个。
This is the Joyo Kanji. This is a Tablet rather, or a poster of the 1,945 common use characters as determined by the Ministry of Education in 1981. 这是《常用汉字表》。这张表上 有1945个最常用的汉字 是由教育部在1981年修订的。
Tablet:n.碑;药片;写字板;小块; poster:n.海报;巨幅装饰画;发布消息的人; determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) Ministry:n.(政府的)部门;
Many of the publications in Japan limit themselves to these characters, to facilitate literacy -- some are required to. 日本的许多出版社限定只使用这些字 以方便人们认读。
publications:n.出版物(publication的复数); facilitate:vt.促进;帮助;使容易; literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学;
And this became my Holy Grail , my Rosetta Stone . 这成了我的圣杯,我的罗塞塔石碑
Holy Grail:na.圣杯; Rosetta Stone:n.有助于解释神秘事物(或未知领域)的事物;有启示作用的发现;
As soon as I focused on this material, 当我专注学习这份材料后,
As soon as:一…就;
I took off. 我进步飞速。
I ended up being able to read Asahi Shinbu, Asahi newspaper, about six months later -- so a total of 11 months later -- and went from Japanese I to Japanese VI. 6个月之后,也就是一共11个月之后, 我已经能够看懂《朝日新闻》了 从日语1级进步到日语4级。
Ended up doing translation work at age 16 when I returned to the U.S., and have continued to apply this material over method approach to close to a dozen languages now. 我回到美国后,从16岁就开始从事翻译工作, 并不断地使用这种 “材料优于方法”的方式 学习了近12种语言。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
Someone who was terrible at languages, and at any given time, speak, read and write five or six. 从一个学不好语言的人, 到同时说、读、写五六种语言。
This brings us to the point, which is, it's oftentimes what you do, not how you do it, that is the determining factor . 这告诉我们: 往往你做什么, 而不是你怎么做,是关键所在。
oftentimes:adv.时常地; determining:v.查明;测定;准确算出;决定;支配;裁决;(determine的现在分词) factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
This is the difference between being effective -- doing the right things -- and being efficient -- doing things well whether or not they're important. 这是有效能（做正确的事情）和 有效率（做好事情,不管它们是否重要）之间的区别。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; whether or not:是否…;
You can also do this with grammar. 你能够将这个原则应用在语法上。
I came up with these six sentences after much experimentation . 我在实验之后得出这六个句子。
experimentation:n.实验;试验;
Having a native speaker allow you to deconstruct their grammar, by translating these sentences into past, present, future, will show you subject, object, verb, placement of indirect , direct objects, gender and so forth. 让一个本地人将这些句子翻译成过去,现在,和将来式, 就能使你解析他们的语法 找到主语、宾语、动词、 间接和直接宾语的位置、语法性别,等等。
native speaker:n.说本族语的人;母语使用者; indirect:adj.间接的;迂回的;非直截了当的; gender:n.性别;
From that point, you can then, if you want to, acquire multiple languages, alternate them so there is no interference . 从那里起,如果你愿意,你就能学习多种语言 灵活转换而不相互影响。
acquire:v.获得;取得;学到;捕获; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; alternate:vi.交替;轮流;vt.使交替;使轮流;adj.交替的;轮流的;n.替换物; interference:n.干扰,冲突;干涉;
We can talk about that if anyone in interested. 如果有人感兴趣,我们可以深入谈。
And now I love languages. 现在,我爱极了语言。
So ballroom dancing , implicit versus explicit -- very important. 然后,交谊舞,內隐对外显 这很重要。
ballroom dancing:na.交际舞;
You might look at me and say, "That guy must be a ballroom dancer." 你看到我,或许会说:“这家伙交谊舞肯定跳得不错。”
But no, you'd be wrong because my body is very poorly designed for most things -- pretty well designed for lifting heavy rocks perhaps. 但你错了 因为我的身体构造很不适合做许多事情 可能倒是很适合扛大石头。
I used to be much bigger, much more muscular . 我之前很壮实,有很多肌肉。
muscular:adj.肌肉的;肌肉发达的;强健的;
And so I ended up walking like this. 导致我走起路来像这样。
I looked a lot like an orangutan , our close cousins, or the Incredible Hulk -- not very good for ballroom dancing. 看上去很像我们的近亲大猩猩,或者说像绿巨人。 实在是不适合跳交谊舞。
orangutan:n.[脊椎]猩猩(等于orangoutang);
I found myself in Argentina in 2005. 2005年,我去到阿根廷。
Argentina:n.阿根廷(位于拉丁美洲);
I decided to watch a tango class -- had no intention of participating -- went in, paid my ten pesos , walked up -- 10 women two guys, usually a good ratio . 决定去旁听一堂探戈舞课,根本没打算实际跳 付了10比索入场费, 进去一看,10位女士2位男士,本当是个不错的比例。
intention:n.意图;目的;意向;愈合; participating:v.参加;参与(participate的现在分词) pesos:abbr.外层电子光电光谱法(PhotoelectronSpectroscopyofOuter-Shell); ratio:n.比率;比例;v.用比例方式表达;求出…的比值;使…成比例;
The instructor says, "You are participating." 结果教练说:“你也来跳。”
instructor:n.指导书;教员;指导者;
Immediately, death sweat. 马上,一身冷汗。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Fight or flight fear sweat because I tried ballroom dancing in college -- stepped on the girl's foot with my heel . She screamed. 挺身而出还是逃之夭夭？我在大学时试过交谊舞 结果脚跟踩到了女孩脚上。她尖叫起来。
heel:n.脚后跟;足跟;卑鄙的家伙;v.给(鞋等)修理后跟;倾侧;倾斜
I was so concerned with her perception of what I was doing, that it exploded in my face, never to return to the ballroom dancing club. 我很在意她对我的看法, 急得一脸通红, 之后再也不踏入交谊舞池。
concerned with:关心;涉及;忙于;与…有关; perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力; exploded:adj.分解的; v.爆炸; (explode的过去分词和过去式)
She comes up, and this was her approach, the teacher. 教练走上来。她的教学方式是这样的:
'"Okay, come on, grab me." “好,来吧,抓住我。”
Gorgeous assistant instructor. 迷人的助理教练。
Gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的;
She was very pissed off that I had pulled her from her advanced practice. 她对我打断她的进阶练习很是不满。
pissed:adj.烂醉的;怒冲冲的;v.撒尿;(piss的过去分词和过去式) advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式)
So I did my best. I didn't know where to put my hands. 于是我尽力而为,但我连手放哪儿都不知道。
And she pulled back, threw down her arms, put them on her hips, turned around and yelled across the room, "This guy is built like a god damned mountain of muscle , and he's grabbing me like a fucking Frenchman," 她退开,两手一甩, 插到腰间,转过身对一房间的人喊道: “这家伙一身的横肉, 还像个该死的法国人一样抓我,”
damned:adj.该死的; v.该死,混账; (damn的过去分词和过去式) muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; grabbing:v.抓住;夺得;利用,抓住(机会)(grab的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
which I found encouraging. 这激励了我。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Everyone burst into laughter. I was humiliated . 全场大笑,我尴尬极了。
burst into:闯入;情绪的突然发作; humiliated:v.羞辱;使丧失尊严;(humiliate的过去分词和过去式)
She came back. She goes, "Come on. I don't have all day." 她走回来,说:“来吧,别浪费时间。”
As someone who wrestled since age eight, I proceeded to crush her, of Mice and Men style. 作为一个八岁起练摔跤的人, 我一不小心又把她压倒了。
wrestled:v.摔跤;奋力对付;全力解决;(wrestle的过去分词和过去式) proceeded:v.继续做;接着做;继而做;行进;前往;(proceed的过去分词和过去式) crush:v.压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入;n.粉碎;迷恋;压榨;拥挤的人群;
And she looked up and said, "Now that's better." 她抬起头说: “这回好多了。”
So I bought a month's worth of classes. 于是我买了一个月的课程。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And proceeded to look at -- 接下来就是
I wanted to set competition so I'd have a deadline -- 我打算参加竞赛,好让自己有一个截止日期。
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; deadline:n.最后期限;截止日期;
Parkinson's Law, the perceived complexity of a task will expand to fill the time you allot it. 帕金森定理 待办事项的复杂程度会因你为其安排的时间而变。
perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词) complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势 expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; allot:vt.分配;拨给;分派;
So I had a very short deadline for a competition. 于是我报名参加了一个竞赛,把截止日期定得很短。
I got a female instructor first, to teach me the female role, the follow, because I wanted to understand the sensitivities and abilities that the follow needed to develop, so I wouldn't have a repeat of college. 我先请了一名女教练, 教我女方跟舞, 因为我想弄明白跟舞所需要培养的 感觉和技能,这样之后我就不用重学一遍。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; sensitivities:n.敏感;敏感性(sensitivity的复数);
And then I took and inventory of the characteristics , along with her, of the of the capabilities and elements of different dancers who'd won championships . 然后,我和她一起, 收集整理了许多探戈冠军 能力和特点。
inventory:n.存货,存货清单;详细目录;财产清册; characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) championships:n.锦标赛,冠军(championship的复数);
I interviewed these people because they all taught in Buenos Aires. 他们都在布宜诺斯艾利斯教课,于是我采访了他们。
interviewed:v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈); (媒体)采访(interview的过去分词和过去式)
I compared the two lists, and what you find is that there is explicitly , expertise they recommended , certain training methods. 我对比了两张单子, 发现其中有外显的: 他们推荐的技能,一些练习的方法。
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) explicitly:adv.明确地;明白地; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式)
Then there were implicit commonalities that none of them seemed to be practicing. 然后还有内隐的共同点, 但似乎没有人练习。
commonalities:n.公共;共性;老百姓;平民;
Now the protectionism of Argentine dance teachers aside, 抛开阿根廷舞蹈教练的保护主义不谈,
protectionism:n.保护主义,贸易保护主义;贸易保护制度; Argentine:adj.阿根廷的;银的;n.阿根廷人;银;
I found this very interesting. So I decided to focus on three of those commonalities. 我觉得这很有趣。于是我决定专注于其中三个共性。
Long steps. So a lot of milongueros, the tango dancers, will use very short steps. 大步子。很多 milongueros 探戈舞者 步子很小
I found that longer steps were much more elegant . 我觉得长步好看多了。
elegant:adj.高雅的,优雅的;讲究的;简炼的;简洁的;
So you can have -- and you can do it in a very small space in fact. 也就是这样 就是在很小的空间里也能用。
Secondly, different types of pivots . 第二点,不同的轴转,
pivots:n.枢轴; vt.以…为中心旋转; vi.在枢轴上转动; adj.枢轴的;
Thirdly, variation in tempo . 第三点,节奏的变化。
variation:n.变异;变体;变奏;变种; tempo:n.速度,发展速度;拍子;
These seemed to be the three areas that I could exploit , to compete , if I wanted to comptete against people who'd been practicing for 20 to 30 years. 要是我打算和练习了二三十年的老手同场竞技, 这似乎是我能探索、完善的三个方面。
exploit:v.利用…为自己谋利;剥削;压榨;运用;发挥; compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛);
That photo is of the semi-finals of the Buenos Aires championships, four months later. 那张相片是四个月后, 布宜诺斯艾利斯冠军赛半决赛。
semi-finals:n.半决赛(semi-final的复数形式);
Then one month later, went to the world championships, made it to the semi-final. And then set a world record, following that, two weeks later. 然后一个月后,参加了世界冠军赛, 一路冲入了半决赛。随后在两星期后, 创下了一项世界纪录。
I want you to see part of what I practiced. 我想让你看一下我是怎样练习的。
I'm going to jump forward here. 我快进一下。
This is the instructor that Alicia and I chose for the male lead. 这是我和艾莉西亚选的男方领舞教练。
His name is Gabriel Misse. 他叫加布里·米赛。
One of the most elegant dancers of his generation, known for his long steps, and his tempo changes and his pivots. 他那一代人中最杰出的舞者之一, 以他的长步、节奏变换、和轴转 而闻名。
Alicia, in her own right, very famous. 艾莉西亚也颇有名气。
So I think you'll agree, they look quite good together. 所以我想你们也会同意:他们看上去很融洽。
Now what I like about this video is it's actually a video of the first time they ever danced together because of his lead. He had a strong lead. 我尤其喜欢这段影片 这实际上是他们第一次共舞。 因为他的领舞很强。
He didn't lead with his chest, which requires you lean forward. 他并不用胸领舞,那样你要前倾。
lean:v.前俯(或后仰):倾斜:adj.肉少的:难以赚钱的:贫乏的:n.瘦肉:
I couldn't develop the attributes in my toes , the strength in my feet, to do that. 我没办法锻炼我的脚趾, 以达到那样的强度。
attributes:v.把…归因于; n.属性; (attribute的第三人称单数和复数) toes:n.脚趾;足尖部;有…脚趾的;v.用脚尖走;(toe的第三人称单数和复数)
So he uses a lead that focuses on his shoulder girdle and his arm. 因此他用另一种领舞, 专注于肩带和手臂。
girdle:n.腰带;围绕物;妇女紧身褡;v.围绕;绕…而行;用带子捆扎;
So he can lift the woman to break her, for example. 因此他能抱起女方,比如说。
That's just one benefit of that. 那仅仅是其中的一个优点。
So then we broke it down. 然后,我们将其分解。
This would be an example of one pivot. 这是一个单轴转的例子。
This is a backstep pivot. 这是一个后步轴转。
backstep:n.后退;vi.后退;
There are many different types. 轴转有许多不同类型。
I have hundreds of hours of footage . 我拍了上百小时的录像。
footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度;
All categorized , much like George Carlin categorized his comedy. 全部归类,就像乔治·卡林 归类他的喜剧一样。
categorized:adj.分类的;v.分类(categorize的过去式); Carlin:n.老妇人;巫婆;
So using my arch nemesis , 用我的宿敌 —— 西班牙语
arch:n.拱;拱门;足背;拱形;v.成弓形;呈拱形覆盖;adj.调皮的;淘气的 nemesis:n.报应;给与惩罚的人;天罚;n.主要敌人,强硬对手;
Spanish, no less, to learn tango. 学习探戈。
So fear is your friend. Fear is an indicator . 恐惧是你的朋友。恐惧是一个指标。
indicator:n.指示器;[试剂]指示剂;[计]指示符;压力计;
Sometimes it shows you what you shouldn't do. 有时候它告诉你不该做什么。
More often than not it shows you exactly what you should do. 但更多时候,它恰恰告诉你该做什么
More often than not:通常;多半;
And the best results that I've had in life, the most enjoyable times, have all been from asking a simple question. 我生命中获得的最好成就, 最美好的时光,都源于问一个简单的问题:
enjoyable:adj.快乐的;令人愉快的;
What's the worst that can happen? “最坏的可能是什么？”
Especially with fears you gained when you were a child. 尤其是对于你从小时候就有的恐惧。
Take the analytical frameworks, the capabilities you have, apply them to old fears. 用理性思维,将你的能力 运用在克服陈年的恐惧上。
analytical:adj.分析的;解析的;善于分析的;
Apply them to very big dreams. 借助它们实现伟大的梦想。
And when I think of what I fear now, it's very simple. 我思考现在我害怕什么,答案很简单。
When I imagine my life, what my life would have been like without the educational opportunities that I had, it makes me wonder. 当我想象我的人生 如果我没有机会接受教育, 会是如何地不同。 这令我深思。
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
I've spent the last two years trying to deconstruct the American public school system, to either fix it or replace it. 我在过去的两年中 尝试解构美国公共教育系统, 以将其修复或取代。
public school:(美国和苏格兰的初等或中等的)公立中小学;寄宿学校;
And have done experiments with about 50,000 students thus far, built, I'd say, about a half dozen schools, my readers, at this point. 至今,我已经用五万名学生做了试验, 建立了六所学校, 我的读者们,现在。
And if any of you are interested in that, 如果你们对此感兴趣,
I would love to speak with you. 我希望能和你们交流。
I know nothing. I'm a beginner . 我一无所知。我是个初学者。
beginner:n.初学者;新手;创始人;
But I ask a lot of questions, and I would love your advice. 但我会问许多问题,也欢迎你们的建议。
Thank you very much. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）