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TeddyCruz_2013G-_建筑创意，联通你我_
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| The urban explosion of the last years of economic boom also produced dramatic marginalization , resulting in the explosion of slums in many parts of the world. |
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urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的; dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; marginalization:n.边缘化;忽视;排斥; slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去;
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| This polarization of enclaves of mega-wealth surrounded by sectors of poverty and the socioeconomic inequalities they have engendered is really at the center of today's urban crisis . |
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polarization:n.极化;偏振;两极分化; enclaves:飞地; sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; socioeconomic:adj.社会经济学的; inequalities:n.[数]不等式;不均等,不平衡;不平坦(inequality的复数形式); engendered:vt.使产生;造成;vi.产生;引起; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
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| But I want to begin tonight by suggesting that this urban crisis is not only economic or environmental. |
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| It's particularly a cultural crisis, a crisis of the institutions unable to reimagine the stupid ways which we have been growing, unable to challenge the oil-hungry, selfish urbanization that have perpetuated cities based on consumption , from southern California to New York to Dubai . |
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particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) reimagine:重新想象;再回味 urbanization:n.都市化;文雅化; perpetuated:vt.使不朽;保持;adj.长存的; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; Dubai:n.迪拜(阿拉伯联合酋长国的酋长国之一);
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| So I just really want to share with you a reflection that the future of cities today depends less on buildings and, in fact, depends more on the fundamental reorganization of socioeconomic relations, that the best ideas in the shaping of the city in the future will not come from enclaves of economic power and abundance , but in fact from sectors of conflict and scarcity from which an urgent imagination can really inspire us to rethink urban growth today. |
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reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; reorganization:n.改组;整顿;改编; abundance:n.丰度;丰富;大量;富足; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; scarcity:n.不足;缺乏; urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
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| And let me illustrate what I mean by understanding or engaging sites of conflict as harboring creativity, as I briefly introduce you to the Tijuana-San Diego border region , which has been the laboratory to rethink my practice as an architect . |
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illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) sites:n.网站(site的复数);遗址,举办地点;v.使...位于(site的单三形式); harboring:v.包含;隐匿;怀抱(恶意);停泊;(harbor的现在分词) briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地; region:n.地区;范围;部位; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
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| This is the wall, the border wall, that separates San Diego and Tijuana, |
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| Latin America and the United States, a physical emblem of exclusionary planning policies that have perpetuated the division of communities , jurisdictions and resources across the world. |
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Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; emblem:n.象征;徽章;符号;vt.象征;用符号表示;用纹章装饰; exclusionary:adj.排他的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) jurisdictions:n.司法管辖区;行政辖区(jurisdiction的复数); resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
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| In this border region, we find some of the wealthiest real estate , as I once found in the edges of San Diego, barely 20 minutes away from some of the poorest settlements in Latin America. |
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real estate:n.房地产;不动产; barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地; settlements:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点;(settlement的复数)
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| And while these two cities have the same population, |
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| San Diego has grown six times larger than Tijuana in the last decades, immediately thrusting us to confront the tensions and conflicts between sprawl and density , which are at the center of today's discussion about environmental sustainability . |
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thrusting:n.刺;插;重点;猛推;v.猛推;冲;挤;塞;刺;(thrust的现在分词) confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗; tensions:张力;紧张; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触; sprawl:vi.蔓延; vt.懒散地伸开; n.蔓生; density:n.密度; sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
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| So I've been arguing in the last years that, in fact, the slums of Tijuana can teach a lot to the sprawls of San Diego when it comes to socioeconomic sustainability, that we should pay attention and learn from the many migrant communities on both sides of this border wall so that we can translate their informal processes of urbanization. |
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sprawls:vi.蔓延; vt.懒散地伸开; n.蔓生; migrant:n.候鸟;移居者;随季节迁移的民工;adj.移居的;流浪的; translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
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| What do I mean by the informal in this case? |
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| I'm really just talking about the compendium of social practices of adaptation that enable many of these migrant communities to transgress imposed political and economic recipes of urbanization. |
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compendium:n.纲要;概略; adaptation:n.适应;改编;改编本,改写本; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; transgress:vt.违反;侵犯;犯罪;vi.违反;违法;越界; imposed:adj.强加的;施加的;应用的;v.欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于; recipes:n.烹饪法;食谱;方法;秘诀;诀窍;(recipe的复数)
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| I'm talking simply about the creative intelligence of the bottom-up , whether manifested in the slums of Tijuana that build themselves, in fact, with the waste of San Diego, |
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creative:adj.创造性的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; manifested:adj.证明的;已显示的;显然的;v.显示;证明(manifest的过去分词);
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| or the many migrant neighborhoods in Southern California that have begun to be retrofitted with difference in the last decades. |
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retrofitted:翻新(retrofit的过去式和过去分词);
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| So I've been interested as an artist in the measuring, the observation , of many of the trans-border informal flows across this border: in one direction, from south to north, the flow of immigrants into the United States, and from north to south the flow of waste from southern California into Tijuana. |
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observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论; trans-border:adj.在边界以外的;越过边界的; immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数);
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| I'm referring to the recycling of these old post-war bungalows that Mexican contractors bring to the border as American developers are disposing of them in the process of building a more inflated version of suburbia in the last decades. |
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referring:v.引用;提到;将…归因于…;把…提交;(refer的现在分词) recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词); post-war:adj.战后的; bungalows:n.平房;(某些亚洲国家的)平房,独座房屋;(bungalow的复数) contractors:n.[经]承包商;[法]立约人;合约商(contractor的复数); developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); disposing:排列;安排;处理(dispose的现在分词); in the process of:在…的过程中; inflated:adj.通货膨胀的; v.膨胀(inflate的过去式和过去分词); suburbia:n.郊区;郊区居民;
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| So these are houses waiting to cross the border. |
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| Not only people cross the border here, but entire chunks of one city move to the next, and when these houses are placed on top of these steel frames , they leave the first floor to become the second to be in-filled with more house, with a small business. |
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chunks:n.厚块;大块;相当大的量;组块;(chunk的复数) frames:n.[计][电子][通信]帧,[电影]画面;[建][计]框架;眼镜架(frame的复数); first floor:一楼
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| This layering of spaces and economies is very interesting to notice. |
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layering:n.分层;压条法;成层;v.分层而成;用压条法培植(layer的ing形式); economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
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| But not only houses, also small debris from one city, from San Diego, to Tijuana. |
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debris:n.碎片,残骸;
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| Probably a lot of you have seen the rubber tires that are used in the slums to build retaining walls. |
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rubber:n.橡胶;橡皮;v.涂橡胶于…; retaining:adj.留住的;定位的;使固定的;v.保留(retain的现在分词);
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| But look at what people have done here in conditions of socioeconomic emergency . |
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emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的;
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| They have figured out how to peel off the tire, how to thread it and interlock it to construct a more efficient retaining wall. |
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thread:n.螺纹;线索;思路;脉络;v.穿过;穿(针);纫(针);(使)穿过; interlock:v.[计]互锁;连锁; construct:v.建造;创建;建筑;修建;n.概念;构筑物;结构体;建造物; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
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| Or the garage doors that are brought from San Diego in trucks to become the new skin of emergency housing in many of these slums surrounding the edges of Tijuana. |
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garage:n.车库;汽车修理厂;飞机库;v.把…送入车库;把(汽车)开进车库;
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| So while, as an architect, this is a very compelling thing to witness , this creative intelligence, |
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compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词) witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证;
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| I also want to keep myself in check. |
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| I don't want to romanticize poverty. |
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romanticize:v.使浪漫化;使传奇化;使更加富有吸引力;
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| I just want to suggest that this informal urbanization is not just the image of precariousness , that informality here, the informal, is really a set of socioeconomic and political procedures that we could translate as artists, that this is about a bottom-up urbanization that performs . |
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precariousness:n.不安全;不稳定; informality:n.非正式;不拘礼节; procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数); performs:v.执行;表演;演出;履行(perform的第三人称单数)
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| See here, buildings are not important just for their looks, but, in fact, they are important for what they can do. |
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| They truly perform as they transform through time and as communities negotiate the spaces and boundaries and resources. |
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transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过; boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
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| So while waste flows southbound , people go north in search of dollars, and most of my research has had to do with the impact of immigration in the alteration of the homogeneity of many neighborhoods in the United States, particularly in San Diego. |
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southbound:adj.往南的;向南行进的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; immigration:n.外来移民;移居; alteration:n.修改,改变;变更; homogeneity:n.同质;同种;同次性(等于homogeneousness);
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| And I'm talking about how this begins to suggest that the future of Southern California depends on the retrofitting of the large urbanization -- I mean, on steroids -- with the small programs, social and economic. |
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retrofitting:n.改装;v.改装;对…翻新改进(retrofit的ing形式); steroids:n.甾族化合物;类固醇;(steroid的复数)
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| I'm referring to how immigrants, when they come to these neighborhoods, they begin to alter the one-dimensionality of parcels and properties into more socially and economically complex systems, |
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parcels:[邮]包裹;小包(parcel的名词复数);打包;捆扎(parcel的第三人称单数); economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
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| as they begin to plug an informal economy into a garage, or as they build an illegal granny flat to support an extended family . |
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plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; granny flat:n.(非正式)老奶奶套间;用于给老年的父母设备齐全的套房; extended family:n.家族;
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| This socioeconomic entrepreneurship on the ground within these neighborhoods really begins to suggest ways of translating that into new, inclusive and more equitable land use policies. |
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entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神; inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的; equitable:adj.公平的,公正的;平衡法的;
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| So many stories emerge from these dynamics of alteration of space, such as "the informal Buddha ," which tells the story of a small house that saved itself, it did not travel to Mexico, but it was retrofitted in the end into a Buddhist temple, and in so doing, this small house transforms or mutates from a singular dwelling into a small, or a micro , socioeconomic and cultural infrastructure inside a neighborhood . |
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dynamics:n.动力学,力学; Buddha:n.佛陀;佛像; Buddhist:n.佛教徒;adj.佛教的; transforms:v.[数][电]变换; n.语法转化规则; mutates:vi.变化,产生突变;vt.改变,使突变; singular:adj.单数的;单一的;非凡的;异常的;n.单数; dwelling:n.住处;住所;公寓;v.居住;栖身;(dwell的现在分词) micro:adj.极小的;基本的;微小的;n.<口>微型计算机;微处理器; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
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| So these action neighborhoods, as I call them, really become the inspiration to imagine other interpretations of citizenship that have less to do, in fact, with belonging to the nation-state , and more with upholding the notion of citizenship as a creative act that reorganizes institutional protocols in the spaces of the city. |
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interpretations:n.[计]解释; citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权; nation-state:n.单一民族国家; upholding:v.支持,维护(正义等);维持,确认;(uphold的现在分词) notion:n.观念;信念;理解; reorganizes:vt.整理;改组;重新制定;vi.整顿;改编; institutional:adj.制度的; protocols:n.协议; v.拟定议定书;
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| As an artist, I've been interested, in fact, in the visualization of citizenship, the gathering of many anecdotes , urban stories, in order to narrativize the relationship between social processes and spaces. |
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visualization:n.形象化;清楚地呈现在心; anecdotes:n.奇闻轶事(anecdote的复数);
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| This is a story of a group of teenagers that one night, a few months ago, decided to invade this space under the freeway to begin constructing their own skateboard park. |
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invade:v.侵犯;侵略;侵袭;干扰; freeway:n.高速公路; constructing:n.构造;v.构造(construct的现在分词); skateboard:n.溜冰板;vi.用滑板滑行;
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| With shovels in hand, they started to dig. |
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shovels:n.铁铲;铲,铲形部分;v.铲;铲起;(shovel的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Two weeks later, the police stopped them. |
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| They barricaded the place, and the teenagers were evicted , and the teenagers decided to fight back, not with bank cards or slogans but with constructing a critical process. |
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barricaded:n.街垒;路障;争论之处;vt.设路障;阻碍; evicted:v.驱逐,赶出,逐出;(evict的过去分词和过去式) slogans:n.口号(slogan复数); critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
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| The first thing they did was to recognize the specificity of political jurisdiction inscribed in that empty space. |
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recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; specificity:n.[免疫]特异性;特征;专一性; inscribed:v.在…上写(词语、名字等);题;刻;(inscribe的过去分词和过去式)
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| They found out that they had been lucky because they had not begun to dig under Caltrans territoy. |
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| Caltrans is a state agency that governs the freeway, so it would have been very difficult to negotiate with them. |
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agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处;
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| They were lucky, they said, because they began to dig under an arm of the freeway that belongs to the local municipality . |
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municipality:n.市;自治市;自治区;市(或区)政当局;
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| They were also lucky, they said, because they began to dig in a sort of |
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| Bermuda Triangle of jurisdiction, between port authority , airport authority , two city districts, and a review board. |
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Bermuda Triangle:n.百慕大三角 authority:n.权威;权力;当局; airport:n.机场;航空港;
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| All these red lines are the invisible political institutions that were inscribed in that leftover empty space. |
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invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物; leftover:n.吃剩的食物;遗留物;adj.剩余的;吃剩的;未用完的;
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| With this knowledge, these teenagers as skaters confronted the city. |
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skaters:n.滑冰者(skater的复数); confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式)
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| They came to the city attorney 's office. |
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attorney:n.律师(尤指代表当事人出庭者);(业务或法律事务上的)代理人;
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| The city attorney told them that in order to continue the negotiation they had to become an NGO, and of course they didn't know what an NGO was. |
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negotiation:n.谈判;转让;顺利的通过;
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| They had to talk to their friends in Seattle who had gone through the same experience. |
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Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市);
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| And they began to realize the necessity to organize themselves even deeper and began to fundraise , to organize budgets , to really be aware of all the knowledge embedded in the urban code in San Diego so that they could begin to redefine the very meaning of public space in the city, expanding it to other categories . |
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fundraise:n.募捐; budgets:n.[财政]预算(budget复数形式);v.为…做预算(budget的第三人称单数形式); embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); redefine:vt.重新定义; expanding:v.扩大,增加,增强细谈;详述;(expand的现在分词) categories:n.(人或事物的)类别,种类(category的复数)
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| At the end, the teenagers won the case with that evidence , and they were able to construct their skateboard park under that freeway. |
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evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
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| Now for many of you, this story might seem trivial or naive . |
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trivial:adj.不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的; naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的;
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| For me as an architect, it has become a fundamental narrative , because it begins to teach me that this micro-community not only designed another category of public space but they also designed the socioeconomic protocols that were necessary to be inscribed in that space for its long-term sustainability. |
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narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; category:n.种类,分类;[数]范畴; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
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| They also taught me that similar to the migrant communities on both sides of the border, they engaged conflict itself as a creative tool, because they had to produce a process that enabled them to reorganize resources and the politics of the city. |
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engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式) enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
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| In that act, that informal, bottom-up act of transgression , really began to trickle up to transform top-down policy . |
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transgression:n.罪过;海侵;违反;超越; trickle:v.(使)滴,淌,小股流淌;(使)慢慢走;n.细流;涓流; top-down:adj.[计]自顶向下;组织管理严密的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
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| Now this journey from the bottom-up to the transformation of the top-down is where I find hope today. |
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journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
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| And I'm thinking of how these modest alterations with space and with policy in many cities in the world, in primarily the urgency of a collective imagination as these communities reimagine their own forms of governance , social organization, and infrastructure, really is at the center of the new formation of democratic politics of the urban. |
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modest:adj.些许的;谦虚的; alterations:n.改变;变更;服装修改(alteration的复数); primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; urgency:n.紧急;催促;紧急的事; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
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| It is, in fact, this that could become the framework for producing new social and economic justice in the city. |
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justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
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| I want to say this and emphasize it, because this is the only way I see that can enable us to move from urbanizations of consumption to neighborhoods of production today. |
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emphasize:v.强调;重视;着重;使突出;
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| Thank you. |
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| (Applause) |
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