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TassoAzevedo_2014G-_拯救雨林的收获_
When the Portuguese arrived in Latin America about 500 years ago, they obviously found this amazing tropical forest. 我们看到一些成效。 很显然,他们发现了这片神奇的热带雨林。
Portuguese:adj.葡萄牙的;葡萄牙人的;葡萄牙语的;n.葡萄牙人;葡萄牙语; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); tropical:adj.热带的;热情的;酷热的;
And among all this biodiversity that they had never seen before, they found one species that caught their attention very quickly. 在他们从未见过的多样化生物中, 有一种生物很快引起了他们的注意。
biodiversity:n.生物多样性; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
This species, when you cut the bark , you find a very dark red resin that was very good to paint and dye fabric to make clothes. 这种生物,当你切开它的树皮,就会发现一种暗红色的树脂。 它是制作布料染色剂的上佳原料。
bark:n.树皮; v.(狗)吠叫; resin:n.树脂;松香;vt.涂树脂;用树脂处理; dye:n.染料;染液;v.染;给…染色; fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构;
The indigenous people called this species pau brasil , and that's the reason why this land became "land of Brasil," and later on, Brazil. 土着叫它“巴西木”, 这也是为何这片地方成为“巴西之地”,也就是后来的“巴西”。
indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的; brasil:巴西;
That's the only country in the world that has the name of a tree. “巴西”成为了世界上唯一一个以树为名的国家。
So you can imagine that it's very cool to be a forester in Brazil, among other reasons. 你可以想象,在巴西,做一个护林员是很拉风的, 这只是众多原因之一。
forester:n.林务官,护林人;森林人,森林居民;
Forest products are all around us. 林产品在我们周围随处可见。
Apart from all those products, the forest is very important for climate regulation . 除了这些产品, 森林对气候调节起到非常重要的作用。
regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的;
In Brazil, almost 70 percent of the evaporation that makes rain actually comes from the forest. 在巴西,构成雨的70%的水蒸气 实际上来自于森林。
evaporation:n.蒸发;消失;
Just the Amazon pumps to the atmosphere 20 billion tons of water every day. 仅亚马逊雨林就每天向大气蒸发200亿吨水。
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; pumps:n.[机]泵; v.用泵送; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格;
This is more than what the Amazon River, which is the largest river in the world, puts in the sea per day, which is 17 billion tons. 这比亚马逊河,世界上最大的河, 每天注入大海的170 亿吨水还要多,
If we had to boil water to get the same effect as evapotranspiration , we would need six months of the entire power generation capacity of the world. 如果我们需要通过烧水来达到同样的蒸发量, 我们需要六个月的全球发电总量。
evapotranspiration:n.[气象]蒸散;土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
So it's a hell of a service for all of us. 所以森林为我们立下了汗马功劳。
We have in the world about four billion hectares of forests. 全世界大概有四十亿公顷森林。
hectares:n.公顷(hectare的复数);
This is more or less China, U.S., Canada and Brazil all together, in terms of size, to have an idea. 这大概是中国、美国、加拿大和巴西的面积总和, 基本上是这么个概念。
more or less:或多或少;
Three quarters of that is in the temperate zone , and just one quarter is in the tropics , but this one quarter, one billion hectares, holds most of the biodiversity, and very importantly, 50 percent of the living biomass , the carbon . 其中四分之三是在温带, 仅仅四分之一在热带。 但就是这四分之一,十亿公顷,拥有着最丰富的生物多样性, 非常重要的是,这片区域拥有高达 50% 的生物质能,即“碳”。
Three quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三; temperate zone:n.温带; tropics:n.热带地区; biomass:n.(单位面积或体积内的)[生态]生物量; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的;
Now, we used to have six billion hectares of forest -- 50 percent more than what we have -- 2,000 years ago. 我们曾有 60 亿公顷的森林, 比我们现在多 50％ —但那是在 2000 年以前。
We've actually lost two billion hectares in the last 2,000 years. 在过去的 2000 年里,我们总共失去了 20 亿公顷森林。
But in the last 100 years, we lost half of that. 但是在最近的 100 年里,我们失去了其中的一半。
That was when we shifted from deforestation of temperate forests to deforestation of tropical forests. 那正是当我们将森林砍伐 从温带转移至热带。
shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词); deforestation:n.采伐森林;森林开伐;
So think of this: In 100 years, we lost the same amount of forest in the tropics that we lost in 2,000 years in temperate forests. 大家想一想:在 100 年里, 我们所失去的热带森林总量 跟我们在 2000 年里失去的温带森林一样多。
That's the speed of the destruction that we are having. 这就是我们破坏环境的速度。
destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
Now, Brazil is an important piece of this puzzle . 现在,巴西是解决这个问题关键的一环。
puzzle:n.谜;疑问;智力游戏;不解之谜;v.迷惑;使困惑;
We have the second largest forest in the world, just after Russia. 我们有仅次于俄罗斯的第二大森林覆盖率,
It means 12 percent of all the world's forests are in Brazil, most of that in the Amazon. 这意味着全世界12% 的森林都在巴西, 而这些绝大部分在亚马逊地区。
It's the largest piece of forest we have. It's a very big, large area. 这是我们所拥有的最广的森林,是一片非常广阔的区域。
You can see that you could fit many of the European countries there. 你可以把很多欧洲国家塞进这里来。
We still have 80 percent of the forest cover. 我们仍有80%的森林覆盖率。
That's the good news. 这是个好消息。
But we lost 15 percent in just 30 years. 但是在过去 30 年里,我们失去了其中的 15%。
So if you go with that speed, very soon, we will loose this powerful pump that we have in the Amazon that regulates our climate. 按照个速度,用不了不久, 我们就会失去亚马逊 这个气候调节的天然泵。
loose:adj.宽松的; v.释放; v.松散地; n.放纵; regulates:控制;管理;
Deforestation was growing fast and accelerating at the end of the '90s and the beginning of the 2000s. 在 90 年代末、2000 年初, 森林破坏的速度很快并且在加速。
accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的;
(Chainsaw sound) （锯子声）
(Sound of falling tree) （树倒下的声音）
Twenty-seven thousand square kilometers in one year. 每年27000平方公里,
This is 2.7 million hectares. 也就是270万公顷。
It's almost like half of Costa Rica every year. 相当于每年失去半个哥斯达黎加这么大的森林。
Costa:n.[解剖]肋骨;叶脉;[昆]前缘脉;
So at this moment -- this is 2003, 2004 -- 在这个时候 — 这是2003、2004 —
I happened to be coming to work in the government. 我碰巧开始在政府就职。
And together with other teammates in the National Forest Department, we were assigned a task to join a team and find out the causes of deforestation, and make a plan to combat that at a national level, 我与其他国家林业部的队友一起, 被分配到一个小组去探究森林破坏的原因, 并且制定一个全国性的战略改革计划,
assigned:v.分配(某物);分派;指定;委派;(assign的过去分词和过去式) combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗;
involving the local governments, the civil society, business, local communities , in an effort that could tackle those causes. 在当地政、民间组织、 商业团体、地方社区的 共同努力解决这些问题。
involving:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;(involve的现在分词) civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
So we came up with this plan with 144 actions in different areas. 我们在不同层面上提出了144条方案。
Now I will go through all of them one by one -- no, just giving some examples of what we had done in the next few years. 现在我逐一讲解 — 开玩笑,只是举例说说我们之后几年的一些举措。
one by one:一个接一个;
So the first thing, we set up a system with the national space agency that could actually see where deforestation is happening, almost in real time . 首先,我们同国家航天局建立了一个系统, 可以监测到哪里的森林正在破坏, 几乎是实时的。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
So now in Brazil, we have this system, DETER , where every month, or every two months, we get information on where deforestation is happening so we can actually act when it's happening. 现在在巴西,我们有DETER系统, 每个月,或者每两个月, 我们得到森林破坏情况的数据, 从而在破坏发生时做出即时反应。
DETER:v.阻止;制止;威慑;使不敢;
And all the information is fully transparent so others can replicate that in independent systems. 这些信息全部是公开透明的, 所以其他人可以将信息重复利用到其他独立系统。
transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; replicate:vt.复制; vi.重复; adj.复制的; n.复制品; independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等);
This allows us, among other things, to apprehend 1.4 million cubic meters of logs that were illegally taken. 这让我们得以扣押 通过非法途径采伐的140万立方米木料。
apprehend:vt.理解;逮捕;忧虑;vi.理解;担心; cubic:adj.立方体的,立方的; logs:n.日志;原木v.记录;把…载入正式记录;采伐树木;(logs是log的复数) illegally:adv.非法地;
Part of that we saw and sell, and all the revenue becomes a fund that now funds conservation projects of local communities as an endowment fund. 其中的一部分我们锯开售卖,全部收入归入一个基金, 用于资助当地保护项目。
revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署; funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; conservation:n.保存,保持;保护; endowment:n.捐赠;捐助;捐款;天资;
This also allows us to make a big operation to seize corruption and illegal activities that ended up having 700 people in prison, including a lot of public servants . 这使得我们有更大的行动力, 来缉获腐败和违法行为, 直接导致700人入狱,甚至包括不少公职人员。
seize:v.抓住;夺取;理解;逮捕; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落; servants:n.仆人;服务员(servant的复数);
Then we made the connection that areas that have been doing illegal deforestation should not get any kind of credit or finance . 接下来,通过连带关系,我们使非法开采的地区 无法得到信贷和财政资助。
finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费;
So we cut this through the bank system and then linked this to the end users. 我们越过银行系统与终端用户相连。
So supermarkets, the slaughterhouses , and so on that buy products from illegal clear-cut areas, they also can be liable for the deforestation. 超市,屠宰场,等等。 只要向保护区购买林产品, 它们也会被追责。
slaughterhouses:n.屠宰场(等于abattoir);屠杀场; clear-cut:adj.清晰的;轮廓鲜明的; liable:adj.有责任的,有义务的;应受罚的;有…倾向的;易…的;
So making all these connections to help to push the problem down. 所以连带追责对问题的改善起到了一定效果。
And also we work a lot on land tenure issues . 同时我们在土地使用权的问题上采取了很多工作。
tenure:n.任期;占有;vt.授予…终身职位; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
It's very important for conflicts . 这对解决争端意义重大。
conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
Fifty million hectares of protected areas were created, which is an area the size of Spain. 我们创造了 5000 万公顷的保护用地,,大约是一个西班牙的面积。
And of those, eight million were indigenous lands. 其中 800 万公顷是土着土地。
Now we start to see results. 我们看到一些成效。
So in the last 10 years, deforestation came down in Brazil 75 percent. 过去的十年里, 巴西的森林退化减低了75%。
(Applause) （掌声）
So if we compare it with the average deforestation that we had in the last decade, we saved 8.7 million hectares, which is the size of Austria . 如果把平均退化率的数值 跟过去十年进行比较的话, 我们保护了870万公顷的森林,相当于奥地利的面积。
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; Austria:n.奥地利;[国]奥地利;欧洲中南部内陆国家;
But more importantly, it avoided the emission of three billion tons of CO2 in the atmosphere. 更重要的是,这减少了大气中 30 亿吨二氧化碳排放量。
emission:n.(光、热等的)发射,散发;喷射;发行;
This is by far the largest contribution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions , until today, as a positive action. 这是至今为止对于温室气体减排 起到积极效应的一个最重要的举措。
contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件; greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
One may think that when you do these kinds of actions to decrease , to push down deforestation, you will have an economic impact because you will not have economic activity or something like that. 有人担忧,当我们采取这些 减少和遏制采伐的措施时, 经济会受到影响。 因为你将无法开展一些经济活动。
decrease:v.降低;减少;缩小;减弱;n.减少;减小量;所减少的总量;减缩位置; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
But it's interesting to know that it's quite the opposite. 但有意思的是,事实恰恰相反。
In fact, in the period when we have the deepest decline of deforestation, the economy grew, on average, double from the previous decade, when deforestation was actually going up. 在这段采伐下降最严重的时期, 经济增长平均达到了过去十年的一倍。 这给我们上了一课。
decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
So it's a good lesson for us. 这给我们上了一课。
Maybe this is completely disconnected , as we just learned by having deforestation come down. 或许它们毫无关联, 恰巧发生在采伐量下降的时期。
disconnected:adj.分离的; v.切断(煤气、水或电的供应); (disconnect的过去式和过去分词)
Now this is all good news, and it's quite an achievement, and we obviously should be very proud about that. 目前全都是好消息、大成就, 我们当然引以为豪。
But it's not even close to sufficient . 但这还远远不够。
sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的;
In fact, if you think about the deforestation in the Amazon in 2013, that was over half a million hectares, which means that every minute, an area the size of two soccer fields is being cut in the Amazon last year, just last year. 事实上,当你想想亚马逊2013 年的砍伐量, 就有超过50万公顷。 这意味着每一分钟, 就有两片足球场大小的森林遭到破坏, 去年,就在去年。
If we sum up the deforestation we have in the other biomes in Brazil, we are talking about still the largest deforestation rate in the world. 如果把巴西其他生态群落的砍伐量相加, 我们得到的还是全世界最大的森林破坏率。
biomes:n.[生态]生物群落;[生态]生物群区(biome的复数);
It's more or less like we are forest heroes, but still deforestation champions. 这大概是说,我们既是森林的守护神, 同时又是森林的刽子手。
So we can't be satisfied , not even close to satisfied. 所以我们不敢自满,远不能自满。
satisfied:adj.满意的:满足的:v.使满意:使满足;(satisfy的过去分词和过去式)
So the next step, I think, is to fight to have zero loss of forest cover in Brazil and to have that as a goal for 2020. 下一阶段,我认为, 是争取在2020年, 达到巴西境内森林零砍伐。
That's our next step. 这是我们的下一个目标。
Now I've always been interested in the relationship between climate change and forests. 现在我一直着迷于这种 气候改变与森林间的关系。
First, because 15 percent of greenhouse gas emissions come from deforestation, so it's a big part of the problem. 首先,因为 15% 的温室气体排放来源于森林砍伐, 所以这是问题的一个重要部分。
But also, forests can be a big part of the solution since that's the best way we know to sink, capture and store carbon. 但同时,森林也是解决方案的一个重要部分, 正因我们所知的最有效的解决方案就是沉积、捕捉、储存碳。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
Now, there is another relationship of climate and forests that really stuck me in 2008 and made me change my career from forests to working with climate change. 气候和森林之间还有一种关系, 它在 2008 年引起我深思,并因此让我的职业生涯 从森林转向为气候变化。
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
I went to visit Canada, in British Columbia, together with the chiefs of the forest services of other countries that we have a kind of alliance of them, like Canada, Russia, India, China, U.S. 我去访问了加拿大,在英属哥伦比亚, 同行的还有其他同盟国的林业部门长官, 比如加拿大、俄罗斯、印度、中国、美国。
alliance:n.联盟,联合;联姻;
And when we were there we learned about this pine beetle that is literally eating the forests in Canada. 在那里,我们认识了 啃噬加拿大森林的松树甲虫。
pine:n.松木;松树;vi.难过,悲伤 beetle:n.甲壳虫;adj.突出的;愁眉苦脸的;v.快速移动 literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
What we see here, those brown trees, these are really dead trees. 我们在这看到的,这些棕黄色的都已经枯死。
They are standing dead trees because of the larvae of the beetle. 这都归罪于松树甲虫的幼虫。
larvae:n.幼虫;幼体(larva的复数形式);
What happens is that this beetle is controlled by the cold weather in the winter. 事实是这些甲虫 受冬季寒冷的天气控制。
For many years now, they don't have the sufficient cold weather to actually control the population of this beetle. 在多年里,我们都没有够多的寒冬 来控制甲虫的数量。
And it became a disease that is really killing billions of trees. 然而这衍生为一种病害,数亿植株遭到灭顶之灾。
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
So I came back with this notion that the forest is actually one of the earliest and most affected victims of climate change. 所以回来以后,我产生了一个概念: 森林事实上是气候改变的最初受害者之一。
notion:n.观念;信念;理解;
So I was thinking, if I succeed in working with all my colleagues to actually help to stop deforestation, maybe we will lose the battle later on for climate change by floods, heat, fires and so on. 我想,如果我能 与同僚们成功地 抑制森林退化, 或许今后我们也将在气候改变的对决中 成为洪水、炎热、烈火等其他灾害的手下败将。
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
So I decided to leave the forest service and start to work directly on climate change, find a way to think and understand the challenge, and go from there. 所以我决定离开林业局, 直接致力于气候改变的工作, 找到一种方式来思考和理解所面临的挑战,并从此出发。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
Now, the challenge of climate change is pretty straightforward . 现在,气候改变的挑战非常明了。
straightforward:adj.简单的;坦率的;明确的;径直的;adv.直截了当地;坦率地;
The goal is very clear. 目标是明确的。
We want to limit the increase of the average temperature of the planet to two degrees. 我们希望全球平均气温的升高 控制在 2℃ 之内。
There are several reasons for that. 有诸多原因,
I will not get into that now. 我现在先不详谈。
But in order to get to this limit of two degrees, which is possible for us to survive, the IPCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, defines that we have a budget of emissions of 1,000 billion tons of CO2 from now until the end of the century. 但为了得到这 2℃ 的限制 — 也就为我们赢得了生存空间, IPCC — 政府间气候变化专门委员会, 限定说到本世纪末,二氧化碳排放量配额 是 10000 亿吨。
Intergovernmental:adj.政府间的; Panel:n.镶板;仪表盘;钣金;(衣服上的)镶条;v.镶板(用木或玻璃板等镶嵌或装饰); defines:v.阐明;明确;界定;画出…的线条;描出…的外形(define的第三人称单数) budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
So if we divide this by the number of years, what we have is an average budget of 11 billion tons of CO2 per year. 将这个配额分配到每年的话, 我们平均每年可以排放110 亿的二氧化碳。
Now what is one ton of CO2? 一吨的二氧化碳有多少呢？
It's more or less what one small car, running 20 kilometers a day, will emit in one year. 如果一辆小车每天开 20 公里, 差不多累积一年的排放量。
emit:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等);
Or it's one flight, one way, from S?o Paulo to Johannesburg or to London, one way. 或者是一趟航班, 单程从圣保罗飞往约翰内斯堡或伦敦,单程的排放量。
Two ways, two tons. 往返就是两吨。
So 11 billion tons is twice that. 110亿吨是我们当下每年排放量的两倍,
Now the emissions today are 50 billion tons, and it's growing. 我们当今的排放量500亿吨,还在持续增长。
It's growing and maybe it will be 61 by 2020. 可能在 2020 年达到 610 亿吨。
Now we need to go down to 10 by 2050. 我们需要在 2050 年前把它降低到 100 亿。
And while this happens, the population will grow from seven to nine billion people, the economy will grow from 60 trillion dollars in 2010 to 200 trillion dollars. 与此同时, 全球人口将从现在的 70 亿增长到 90 亿, 经济规模将从 2010 年的60 兆 增长到 200 兆。
trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
And so what we need to do is to be much more efficient in a way that we can go from seven tons of carbon per capita per person, per year, into something like one. 所以我们需要更有效率地 把人均二氧化碳排放量从 7 吨降低到 每人、每年差不多 1 吨。
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
You have to choose. You take the airplane or you have a car. 我们必须做出选择。你是搭乘飞机呢,还是拥有汽车。
airplane:n.飞机;
So the question is, can we make it? 问题来了,我们能够做到吗？
And that's the exactly the same question 这也是我在森林退化研究里
I got when I was developing a plan to combat deforestation. 碰到的一个同样的问题。
It's such a big problem, so complex . Can we really do it? 问题如此庞大,如此复杂。我们可以做到吗？
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
I think so. Think of this: 我觉得可以。
Deforestation means 60 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions in Brazil in the last decade. 试想,森林退化造成了着过去十年里 巴西 60% 的温室气体排放。
Now it's a little bit less than 30 percent. 这个数字如今不到 30% 。
In the world, 60 percent is energy. 当今世界,60% 多的排放来自能源。
So if we can tackle directly the energy, the same way we could tackle deforestation, maybe we can have a chance. 如果我们直接从能源入手, 就用我们解决森林退化的手段, 可能值得一试。
So there are five things that I think we should do. 所以我们可以做的有五点:
First, we need to disconnect development from carbon emissions. 首先,我们需要把发展从碳排放中脱离出来。
We don't need to clear-cut all the forests to actually get more jobs and agriculture and have more economy. 我们并不需要通过砍伐森林 来创造工作、农业或者商业利益。
That's what we proved when we decreased deforestation and the economy continued to grow. 我们在降低森林砍伐率的同时 就已经证明了经济可以持续增长。
decreased:v.减少,减小,降低;(decrease的过去分词和过去式)
Same thing could happen in the energy sector . 能源方面也是如此。
sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形;
Second, we have to move the incentives to the right place. 第二,我们必须在正确的地方给予奖励引导。
incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施;
Today, 500 billion dollars a year goes into subsidies for fossil fuels. 今天,每年有 5 千亿元被用于对化石燃料的补贴。
subsidies:n.补贴;补助金;津贴;(subsidy的复数) fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的;
Why don't we put a price on carbon and transfer this to the renewable energy? 为什么不在碳上涨价,贴补给可再生能源？
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
Third, we need to measure and make it transparent where, when and who is emitting greenhouse gases so we can have actions specifically for each one of those opportunities. 第三,我们需要监测并发布 谁在何时何地排放了温室气体, 我们得以有针对性地对每一次行为作出反应。
emitting:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等);(emit的现在分词) specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
Fourth, we need to leapfrog the routes of development, which means, you don't need to go to the landline telephone before you get to the mobile phones. 第四,我们需要跳跃式发展前进, 这意味着,我们不必在得到手机前 一定先装个固定电话。
leapfrog:n.跳背游戏;跳蛙游戏;交互跃进;vi.跳背;跳蛙;交替前进;vt.跃过; routes:n.路线;途径;路途;渠道;v.按某路线发送;(route的第三人称单数和复数) landline:n.陆上运输;地上通讯线;输送路线; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
Same way we don't need to go to fossil fuels to the one billion people who don't have access to energy before we get to the clean energy. 同样,我们也不必让 10 亿人口 必须先依赖于化石燃料。 才能享用清洁能源。
And fifth and last, we need to share responsibility between governments,business and civil society. 第五点,也是最后一点, 我们需要和不同的政府、商业、民政组织分担责任。
There is work to do for everybody, and we need to have everybody on board. 每个人都肩负使命,我们需要大家携手前行。
So to finalize , 最后,
finalize:v.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来;定案;
I think the future is not like a fate that you have to just go as business as usual goes. 我相信未来并非一场宿命, 一场商业世界你不得不遵循的宿命。
business as usual:na.照常营业;
We need to have the courage to actually change the route, invest in something new, think that we can actually change the route. 我们需要勇气打破常规, 拥抱新的理念, 我们需要认识到我们有能力改变常规。
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予;
I think we are doing this with deforestation in Brazil, and I hope we can do it also with climate change in the world. 在解决巴西森林退化的问题上,我认为我们已经做到了。 我希望应对全球气候变化的挑战,我们也能办到。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）