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TanLe_2010G-_能读懂脑电波的耳机_
Up until now, our communication with machines has always been limited to conscious and direct forms. 直到现在,我们和机器的沟通的方式 都被限制在 一种有意识和直接的形式上。
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) conscious:adj.意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的;
Whether it's something simple like turning on the lights with a switch, or even as complex as programming robotics , we have always had to give a command to a machine, or even a series of commands, in order for it to do something for us. 无论是简单得像 打开灯的开关那样, 还是复杂得像编写一个机器人那样, 我们必须给机器一段指令, 或一系列的指令, 才能让机器为我们做我们想做的事情。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; robotics:n.机器人学; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书;
Communication between people on the other hand , is far more complex and a lot more interesting, because we take into account so much more than what is explicitly expressed . 而人和人之间的交流 就远远要复杂和有趣些, 因为我们接受的 远比外露的表现要多。
on the other hand:另一方面; take into account:考虑;重视;体谅; explicitly:adv.明确地;明白地; expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式)
We observe facial expressions , body language , and we can intuit feelings and emotions from our dialogue with one another. 我们观察脸部表情,肢体语言, 我们可以通过对话 感受到感觉和情感。
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视; facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数) body language:n.身势语; intuit:vt.由直觉知道;vi.凭直觉知道; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
This actually forms a large part of our decision-making process . 这些其实都是我们做决定的过程中的 一大部分。
decision-making:n.决策; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Our vision is to introduce this whole new realm of human interaction into human-computer interaction, so that computers can understand not only what you direct it to do, but it can also respond to your facial expressions a nd emot ional experiences. 我们的视野是向人机互动科技 介绍一个崭新的人类互动的 新领域, 这样的话,计算机就不仅仅 按照你的指令工作, 也能够根据你脸部表情 和感情 做出反应。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; realm:n.领域,范围;王国; interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; human-computer:人机,人机互动设计;
And what better way to do this than by interpreting the signals naturally produced by our brain, our center for control and experience. 如果要这样做的话 还有什么能比得上 去理解我们脑部所发出的电波, 我们的控制和体验中心。
interpreting:n.解释;口译;v.解释;[语][计]翻译(interpret的现在分词); naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
Well, it sounds like a pretty good idea, but this task, as Bruno mentioned, isn't an easy one for two main reasons: 好,这听起来是一个十分好的主意, 但是这项任务,就像Burno提过的, 并不是那么简单,这主要有两个原因:
First, the detection algorithms. 第一,检测的算法。
detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉;
Our brain is made up of billions of active neurons, around 170,000 km of combined axon length. 我们的大脑是由上亿个 活跃的脑神经所组成, 轴突的长度总共有 170,000 千米。
made up of:由…组成,由…构成; axon:n.轴索,[解剖]轴突(神经细胞);
When these neurons interact, the chemical reaction emits an electrical impulse which can be measured . 当这些脑神经互动时, 所产生的化学反应放出的电脉冲 是可以被测量的。
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用; emits:发出;放射;发行(emit的动词单数第三人称形式); electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的; impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动; measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
The majority of our functional brain is distributed over the outer surface layer of the brain. 我们大脑的主要功能 是分布在大脑 的外表面层。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: functional:adj.功能的; distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式) outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中; surface layer:n.表层,表面层;
And to increase the area that's available for mental capacity , the brain surface is highly folded. 从心理的能力来说要去增加这个区域是可能的, 大脑表面充满了褶皱。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地;
Now this cortical folding presents a significant challenge for interpreting surface electrical impulses . 皮质折叠 对于解析表面电脉冲来说 是一个重大挑战。
cortical:adj.皮质的;[生物]皮层的;外皮的; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; impulses:n.[心理]冲动; v.推动(impulse的第三人称单数);
Each individual's cortex is folded differently, very much like a fingerprint . 每一个单独的皮层 其折叠的结构都是有区别的, 就像我们的指纹一样。
cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮; fingerprint:n.指纹;手印;vt.采指纹;
So even though a signal may come from the same functional part of the brain, by the time the structure has been folded, its physical location is very different between individuals , even identical twins. 就算一个信号 可能来自于大脑同一功能的部分, 就在这个结构被折叠的时间里, 它的实际位置 是十分不同的, 就算是双胞胎也一样。
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位 individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物;
There is no longer any consistency in the surface signals. 表层的信号 没有什么持续性。
consistency:n.[计]一致性;稠度;相容性;
Our breakthrough was to create an algorithm that unfolds the cortex, so that we can map the signals closer to its source , and therefore making it capable of working across a mass population. 我们的突破是创造一种计算方法 可以展开皮层, 这样我们可以在更靠近源头的地方 来接受信号, 从而就可以在更广泛的人群中使用。
breakthrough:n.突破;开始取得成功之时;adj.突破性的; unfolds:vt.打开;呈现;vi.展开;显露; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
The second challenge is the actual device for observing brainwaves . 第二个挑战是 观测脑部的实际装置。
device:n.装置;策略;图案; observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词); brainwaves:n.灵感;妙计;脑电波;(brainwave的复数)
EEG measurements typically involve a hairnet with an array of sensors , like the one that you can see here in the photo. 脑电图一般是 一系列传感器的阵列, 就和你们在照片上所看到的一样。
measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数); typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加; hairnet:n.发网; array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数);
A technician will put the electrodes onto the scalp using a conductive gel or paste and usually after a procedure of preparing the scalp by light abrasion . 技术人员使用导电胶或粘贴 将电极 放到头皮上 这通常会有一个光磨损的过程 来准备头皮。
technician:n.技术员;技师;(艺术、体育等的)技巧精湛者; electrodes:n.[电]电极(electrode的复数);电焊条; scalp:n.头皮;带发头皮;标志;v.(作为战利品,从被杀的敌人头上)剥下带发头皮; conductive:adj.传导的;传导性的;有传导力的; gel:vi.胶化;n.[物化]凝胶,胶体; paste:v.粘贴; n.面团; adj.人造的; procedure:n.步骤;手术;(商业、法律或政治上的)程序; abrasion:n.磨损;磨耗;擦伤;
Now this is quite time consuming and isn't the most comfortable process. 这十分耗时 而且过程也不舒适。
consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的;v.消耗(consume的ing形式);
And on top of that, these systems actually cost in the tens of thousands of dollars. 加上,这个系统 要花费上百万美元。
So with that, I'd like to invite onstage 我现在想邀请我们去年的
onstage:adj.台上的;台上演出的;adv.上台;上场;
Evan Grant , who is one of last year's speakers, who's kindly agreed to help me to demonstrate what we've been able to develop. 一位演讲者Evan Grant,上台来。 他很客气的同意了 来帮助我们来展示 我们的研究发展。
Grant:v.授予;允许;承认;同意;n.拨款;[法]授予物; demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威;
(Applause) （掌声）
So the device that you see is a 14-channel, high-fidelity 这个装置如你们所看见的 是一个14个通道,高保真
high-fidelity:n.高保真;高保真度;
EEG acquisition system. 脑电采集系统。
acquisition:n.获得物,获得;
It doesn't require any scalp preparation, no conductive gel or paste. 不需要任何的头皮处理过程, 不用导流胶或导流膏。
It only takes a few minutes to put on and for the signals to settle . 只需要几分钟来固定好 和稳定信号。
settle:v.定居;结算;停留;确定;n.高背长椅(老式木家具,有扶手,座下多带柜);
It's also wireless , so it gives you the freedom to move around . 这也是无线的, 所以这样就可以自由的移动。
wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送; move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转;
And compared to the tens of thousands of dollars for a traditional EEG system, this headset only costs a few hundred dollars. 和上百万美元的 传统脑电图系统比 这个装置只用 几百美元。
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) traditional:传统的,惯例的, headset:n.耳机;头戴式受话器;
Now on to the detection algorithms. 现在说说检测的算法。
So facial expressions -- as I mentioned before in emotional experiences -- are actually designed to work out of the box with some sensitivity adjustments available for personalization . 所以脸部的表情 －－ 就像我先前提到的感情表达一样 －－ 都是意想不到的 通过一些敏感性的调整 使之个性化。
sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏; adjustments:n.调整;调节;调整,适应;(adjustment的复数) personalization:n.个性化;
But with the limited time we have available, 但是由于时间原因,
I'd like to show you the cognitive suite , which is the ability for you to basically move virtual objects with your mind. 我向你们介绍一套认知系统, 系统所做的是 让你用你的意念来移动物体。
cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; suite:n.套房;一套家具;组曲(由三个或更多相关部分组成);套装软件; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认);
Now, Evan is new to this system, so what we have to do first is create a new profile for him. 现在,Evan是第一次接触这个系统, 所以我们要先为他 创建新的个人信息。
profile:n.轮廓;简介;形象;外形;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;
He's obviously not Joanne -- so we'll "add user." 他显然不是Joanne －－所以我们选择“添加用户。”
Evan. Okay. Evan。 搞定。
So the first thing we need to do with the cognitive suite is to start with training a neutral signal. 我们先要做的是 开始训练一个 中和的信号。
neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的;
With neutral, there's nothing in particular that Evan needs to do. 所谓中和,就是Evan不用 做任何事情。
in particular:尤其,特别;
He just hangs out. He's relaxed . 他只是放松。
relaxed:adj.轻松的;冷静的;v.放松;休息;宽慰;(relax的过去分词和过去式)
And the idea is to establish a baseline or normal state for his brain, because every brain is different. 这个过程会给他建立一个地基 或是他大脑的普通模式, 因为每一人的大脑都是不一样的。
establish:v.创立;设立;建立;确立;使立足;查实; baseline:n.基线;底线;
It takes eight seconds to do this. 这大概需要8秒的时间。
And now that that's done, we can choose a movement-based action. 好,现在完成了, 我们可以选择一个以移动为主的动作。
So Evan choose something that you can visualize clearly in your mind. 所以Evan选中一个 他可以在他大脑中现形的物体。
visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
Evan Grant: Let's do "pull." Evan:让我们来作“拉近。”
Tan Le: Okay. So let's choose "pull." Tan:好,让我们选中“拉近。”
Tan:n.(日晒后皮肤的)黝黑色; vt.鞣(革); vi.晒成棕褐色; adj.黄褐色的;
So the idea here now is that Evan needs to imagine the object coming forward into the screen. 现在的目标是 Evan要去想象 这个物体会向 屏幕靠近。
And there's a progress bar that will scroll across the screen while he's doing that. 在他做的同时,屏幕上会显示 一个进度条。
scroll:n.纸卷;卷轴;涡卷形装饰;v.滚屏;滚动;
The first time, nothing will happen, because the system has no idea how he thinks about "pull." 第一次,什么都没有。 因为系统不知到他所想的“拉近”是什么。
But maintain that thought for the entire duration of the eight seconds. 但是持续这个想象 程序8秒钟。
maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见); duration:n.持续时间;期间;
So: one, two, three, go. 所以,1,2,3,开始。
Okay. 好。
So once we accept this, the cube is live. 一旦我们接受这个, 方块就活起来了。
So let's see if Evan can actually try and imagine pulling. 现在我们看Evan 能不能想象一下“拉近。”
Ah, good job! 哦,干的好！
(Applause) （掌声）
That's pretty amazing. 十分令人惊叹。
(Applause) （掌声）
So we have a little bit of time available, so I'm going to ask Evan to do a really difficult task. 这样我们还有一点时间, 所以我们让Evan 做个难一点的任务。
And this one is difficult because it's all about being able to visualize something that doesn't exist in our physical world. 这个比较难 因为这个是要想象 一个不存在我们现实世界里的物体。
This is " disappear ." 这是“消失。”
disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在;
So what you want -- at least with movement-based actions, we do that all the time, so you can visualize it. 所以,你要做的 －－ 先做一个运动为主的动作, 我们在现实中一直在做这个动作,所以我们可以看到这个动作。
But with "disappear," there's really no analogies . 但是“消失”,从没有过。
analogies:n.类比;类推法;
So Evan, what you want to do here is to imagine the cube slowly fading out, okay. 所以Even,你现在要做的是 想象这个正方体会慢慢的消失掉,好吗。
fading:v.(使)变淡,变暗;逐渐消失;衰退,衰落(fade的现在分词)
Same sort of drill. So: one, two, three, go. 跟刚才一样。所以,1,2,3,开始。
Okay. Let's try that. 好,让我们试试。
Oh, my goodness. He's just too good. 哦,天哪。他太棒了。
Let's try that again. 我们在试一次。
EG: Losing concentration . Even:分心了。
concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心;
(Laughter) （笑）
TL: But we can see that it actually works, even though you can only hold it for a little bit of time. Tan:但是我们可以看到这是可行的, 就算你只花了一点点的时间 在这个上面。
As I said , it's a very difficult process to imagine this. 就像我说的,去想象“消失” 是一个很难的过程。
As I said:正如我所说的
And the great thing about it is that we've only given the software one instance of how he thinks about "disappear." 了不起的事情是 我们只给了系统一个他如何想象“消失” 的例子。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
As there is a machine learning algorithm in this -- 因为这里有一个机器解析的过程 －－
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
Good job. Good job. 做的好,做的好。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you, Evan, you're a wonderful, wonderful example of the technology . 谢谢你,Even,你是这项技术的 完美代表。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
So as you can see before, there is a leveling system built into this software so that as Evan, or any user, becomes more familiar with the system, they can continue to add more and more detections, so that the system begins to differentiate between different distinct thoughts. 所以就像你之前看到的, 这个系统是被建入这个软件中 这样就算是Even,或者其他的用户, 都能更熟悉这个系统, 他们可以不停的加入更多的探测方式, 而系统也会在不同 的想法中区分不同的差别。
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; leveling:n.[测]水准测量; familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; differentiate:vi.区分,区别;vt.区分,区别; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
And once you've trained up the detections, these thoughts can be assigned or mapped to any computing platform , application or device. 而且,一旦你训练好了探测功能, 这个功能会可以被分享到 任何一种计算器平台, 应用程序或装置中。
assigned:v.分配(某物);分派;指定;委派;(assign的过去分词和过去式) computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
So I'd like to show you a few examples, because there are many possible applications for this new interface . 所以我想向你们展示一些例子, 因为这个新界面有很多 潜在的应用程序。
interface:n.接口;人机界面;连接电路;v.连接;
In games and virtual worlds, for example, your facial expressions can naturally and intuitively be used to control an avatar or virtual character. 比如说在游戏和虚拟世界中, 你的脸部表情 可以直观的被用来 控制虚拟替身或人物。
intuitively:adv.直观地;直觉地; avatar:n.电影《阿凡达》;
Obviously, you can experience the fantasy of magic and control the world with your mind. 显然的,你能体验到神奇的魔法 和用你的意念来控制世界。
fantasy:n.幻想; adj.虚幻的; v.空想;
And also, colors, lighting, sound and effects, can dynamically respond to your emotional state to heighten the experience that you're having, in real time . 颜色,和灯光, 声音和特效, 也会根据你的感情模式做出相应的反应 以此来提高你在现实中的体验。
dynamically:adv.动态地;充满活力地;不断变化地; heighten:v.提高; real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
And moving on to some applications developed by developers and researchers around the world, with robots and simple machines, for example -- in this case, flying a toy helicopter simply by thinking lift with your mind. 现在看看世界各地的开发者和研究家们 所开发的应用程序, 用机器人和简单机械,比如说 －－ 在这个例子里,通过想象提升来 简单的驾驶一个玩具直升机。
developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数);
The technology can also be applied to real world applications -- in this example, a smart home. 这个科技也可以被应用到 现实生活中 －－ 比如,智能家庭。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
You know, from the user interface of the control system to opening curtains or closing curtains. 你知道的,通过人机界面中的控制系统 来打开窗帘 或关闭窗帘。
And of course also to the lighting -- turning them on or off. 当然还有照明 －－ 开灯 或者关灯。
And finally , to real life-changing applications such as being able to control an electric wheelchair . 以及最后的, 可以改变生活的应用程序 就比如说控制电子轮椅。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; life-changing:改变人生的; wheelchair:n.轮椅;
In this example, facial expressions are mapped to the movement commands. 在这个例子里, 脸部表情被用来控制移动命令。
Man: Now blink right to go right. 男子:现在眨右眼往右。
blink:vt.眨眼;使…闪烁;vi.眨眼;闪烁;n.眨眼;瞬间;闪光;
Now blink left to turn back left. 现在眨左眼往左。
turn back:往回走;阻挡;翻回到;
Now smile to go straight. 现在微笑往前。
TL: We really -- Thank you. Tan:我们十分感谢你 －－ 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
We are really only scratching the surface of what is possible today. 我们今天仅仅大致地揭开了这个系统潜力的一角。
scratching:v.划伤;擦伤;刮痕;(scratch的现在分词)
And with the community's input , and also with the involvement of developers and researchers from around the world, we hope you can help us to shape where the technology goes from here. Thank you so much. 随着用户群体的投入, 开发者 以及世界各地的研究员的加盟, 我们希望你们可以帮助我们来 探寻这项技术将何去何从。十分谢谢你们。
input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机; involvement:n.牵连;包含;混乱;财政困难;