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TakaharuTezuka_2014X-_你见过最好的幼儿园_
This is a kindergarten we designed in 2007. 这是我们在2007年设计的一个幼儿园。
kindergarten:n.幼儿园;
We made this kindergarten to be a circle. 我们把它建成了一个环形。
It's a kind of endless circulation on top of the roof. 在屋顶上面,是一个无尽的循环。
endless:adj.无止境的;连续的;环状的;漫无目的的; circulation:n.流通,传播;循环;发行量;
If you are a parent, you know that kids love to keep making circles. 如果你是一名家长, 你就知道,小孩儿们喜欢不停的转圈。
This is how the rooftop looks. 那么这就是房顶的样子。
rooftop:n.屋顶;adj.屋顶上的;
And why did we design this? 为什么我们要把它设计成这样呢？
The principal of this kindergarten said, "No, I don't want a handrail ." 这家幼儿园的园长说: 不,我不想要护栏。”
principal:adj.主要的;资本的;n.首长;校长;资本;当事人; handrail:n.扶手;(楼梯等的)栏杆;
I said, "It's impossible." 我说:“那不可能。”
But he insisted: "How about having a net sticking out from the edge of the roof? 但他坚持说:“那要不......就在屋顶边做一圈向外延伸的防护网？
So that it can catch the children falling off?" 这样它就能接住跌落的小孩儿？“
(Laughter) （笑声）
I said, "It's impossible." 我说:“那不可能。”
And of course, the government official said, "Of course you have to have a handrail." 然后,当然,政府的官员告诉我: “当然,你必须得有护栏。”
official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
But we could keep that idea around the trees. 但我们还是可以把那个防护网的想法在树上实现。
There are three trees popping through. 那儿有三棵从屋顶穿出的树。
And we were allowed to call this rope as a handrail. 我们被允许用绳索当作护栏。
But of course, rope has nothing to do with them. 但是,当然,绳索对小孩儿来说根本没用。
They fall into the net. 他们会故意掉进去。
And you get more, and more, more. 然后更多人掉进去, 还有更多, 更多……
(Laughter) （笑声）
Sometimes 40 children are around a tree. 有时会有40个小孩儿同时围着树一起玩儿。
The boy on the branch, he loves the tree so he is eating the tree. 那个爬在树枝上的男孩儿, 他很爱这棵树,一直在不停的啃树皮。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And at the time of an event, they sit on the edge. 当幼儿园里搞活动的时候, 他们就坐在围栏的边缘（观看）。
It looks so nice from underneath . 这画面从下面看起来很美。
underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
Monkeys in the zoo. 简直就是动物园里的猴子。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Feeding time. 喂食时间到～
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（鼓掌）
And we made the roof as low as possible, because we wanted to see children on top of the roof, not only underneath the roof. 我们把房顶尽量做得低矮, 因为我们想让孩子们在屋顶上玩, 而不是缩在屋檐下。
And if the roof is too high, you see only the ceiling. 如果房顶太高,你看到的就只有天花板了。
And the leg washing place -- there are many kinds of water taps. 还有洗脚的地方——那儿有很多种水龙头。
You see with the flexible tubes, you want to spray water to your friends, and the shower, and the one in front is quite normal. 你可以看到,有弹性的软管… 让人忍不住想用它往朋友身上喷水玩, 还有淋浴的喷头… 还有前面的这种…是很普通的水龙头。
flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; spray:n.喷雾; v.喷;
But if you look at this, the boy is not washing his boots, he's putting water into his boots. 但是如果你仔细看, 这小男孩其实并没在洗他的靴子, 他是在往靴子里灌水……
(Laughter) （笑声）
This kindergarten is completely open, most of the year. 这家幼儿园完全是开放的,几乎整年都开放着。
And there is no boundary between inside and outside. 它的内部和外部之间,没有明确的界限。
boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线;
So it means basically this architecture is a roof. 因此,这意味着,基本上,这个建筑,就只有一个屋顶。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
And also there is no boundary between classrooms. 同样的,它的教室之间也没有界限。
So there is no acoustic barrier at all. 所以那里没有任何听觉上的阻碍。
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
When you put many children in a quiet box, some of them get really nervous. 要知道,如果你把很多小孩放进一个安静的封闭空间, 他们中的一些人会变得非常紧张。
But in this kindergarten, there is no reason they get nervous. 但在这个幼儿园里, 他们没有任何理由去紧张。
Because there is no boundary. 因为到处都没有界限。
And the principal says if the boy in the corner doesn't want to stay in the room, we let him go. 他们的园长说, 如果角落里的那个男孩儿不想呆在教室里, 我们就放他走。
He will come back eventually , because it's a circle, it comes back. 他最终会回来的,因为这是个圆,他会转回来的。
eventually:adv.最后,终于;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But the point is, in that kind of occasion, usually children try to hide somewhere. 最关键的是,通常在这种情况下, 小孩儿会试图藏在某个地方。
But here, just they leave and come back. 但在这里,他们走掉之后,就只能绕一圈回来。
It's a natural process . 这是个自然的过程。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
And secondly, we consider noise very important. 其次,我们认为,噪音是非常重要的。
You know that children sleep better in noise. 你得知道,小孩儿在噪音里睡得更香。
They don't sleep in a quiet space. 他们是不会在安静的空间里睡着的。
And in this kindergarten, these children show amazing concentration in class. 在这家幼儿园里, 孩子们在课堂里表现出惊人的注意力。
concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心;
And you know, our kind grew up in the jungle with noise. 大家知道,我们人类原本就是在那种充满噪音的丛林里长大的。
jungle:n.密林;尔虞我诈的环境;危险地带;
They need noise. ——他们需要噪音。
And you know, you can talk to your friends in a noisy bar. 你还能够在嘈杂的酒吧里跟朋友聊天。
You are not supposed to be in silence . 你本来就能够适应嘈杂的环境。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) in silence:沉默地;
And you know, these days we are trying to make everything under control. 当今时代, 我们一直在尝试要控制所有的事情。
You know, it's completely open. 但在这里,它是完全开放的。
And you should know that we can go skiing in -20 degrees in winter. 你们也应该知道: 我们能在零下二十度的冬天滑雪。
In summer you go swimming. 夏天,你去游泳
The sand is 50 degrees. 海边的沙子高达50摄氏度。我们就是这样适应环境的。
And also, you should know that you are waterproof .
waterproof:adj.防水的,不透水的;v.使防水;n.防水材料;
You never melt in rain. 不可能因为一场雨就融化了。
melt:v.融化;(使)软化;
So, children are supposed to be outside. 所以,我们认为小孩儿就该呆在室外。
So that is how we should treat them. 这才是我们对待他们的正确方式。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
This is how they divide classrooms. 这是他们分隔教室的方式。
They are supposed to help teachers. 他们本来应该帮助老师的。
They don't. 但…他们没有…
(Laughter) （笑声）
I didn't put him in. 不是我把他放进去的……
A classroom. 这就是教室了。
And a washbasin . 还有洗手池。
washbasin:n.脸盆;
They talk to each other around the well. 他们在水池边聊天。
And there are always some trees in the classroom. 而且教室里总是有一些树的……
A monkey trying to fish another monkey from above. 一只猴子想要把另一只猴子钓上去。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Monkeys. 看,猴子们。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And each classroom has at least one skylight . 每个教室都至少有一个天窗。
skylight:n.天窗;
And this is where Santa Claus comes down at the time of Christmas. 这样在圣诞节的时候,圣诞老人才有地方爬下来。
Santa Claus:n.身着红衣;圣诞老人;
This is the annex building, right next to that oval-shaped kindergarten. 这是幼儿园的附属建筑, 就建在那个椭圆形幼儿园的旁边。
annex:vt.附加;获得;并吞;n.附加物;附属建筑物; oval-shaped:adj.椭圆形的;
The building is only five meters tall with seven floors. 这个建筑只有5米高,可是里面设计了7层的空间。
And of course, the ceiling height is very low. 当然,这导致它的天花板非常矮。
So you have to consider safety. 因此我们不得不考虑安全问题。
So, we put our children, a daughter and a son. 所以,我们放了两个孩子进去,一个女孩儿,一个男孩儿。
They tried to go in. 他们努力地钻进去。
He hit his head. 他撞到头了。
He's okay. His skull is quite strong. 他没事。他的骨头很硬。
skull:n.头盖骨,脑壳;
He is resilient . It's my son. 他适应能力很强的。因为这是我儿子。
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And he is trying to see if it is safe to jump off. 他还在试着看能不能安全地跳下去。
And then we put other children. 然后我们放了更多孩子进去。
The traffic jam is awful in Tokyo, as you know. 东京的堵车太糟糕了,你懂的。
traffic jam:n.堵车;交通阻塞;
(Laughter) （笑声）
The driver in front, she needs to learn how to drive. 前面那个司机,她还得好好学学开车。
Now these days, kids need a small dosage of danger. 在这个年代, 孩子们需要接触一些轻微的危险。
dosage:n.剂量,用量;
And in this kind of occasion, they learn to help each other. 因为在这种状况下, 他们就会学会互相帮助。
This is society. This is the kind of opportunity we are losing these days. 这就是社会。这些（教育）机会正是我们如今逐渐丧失的。
Now, this drawing is showing the movement of a boy between 9:10 and 9:30. 现在看这幅图,它展现了一个男孩 在9:10到9:30之间的运动轨迹。
And the circumference of this building is 183 meters. 这栋建筑的周长是183米。
circumference:n.圆周;周长;胸围;
So it's not exactly small at all. 它真的已经不能算小了！
And this boy did 6,000 meters in the morning. 所以这个男孩,一早上就运动了6000米。
But the surprise is yet to come. 最令人惊讶的还不止这个。
The children in this kindergarten do 4,000 meters on average. 这家幼儿园里的孩子们平均运动距离是4000米。
And these children have the highest athletic abilities among many kindergartens. 与大多数幼儿园相比, 这里的孩子有着最高的运动能力。
athletic:adj.健壮的;体育运动的;田径运动的
The principal says, "I don't train them. We leave them on top of the roof. 园长说了: “我们不需要督促他们进行户外锻炼。把他们放到屋顶上就行。
Just like sheep." 就像放羊一样。“
(Laughter) （笑声）
They keep running. 他们就会不停地跑啊跑。
(Laughter) （笑声）
My point is don't control them, don't protect them too much, and they need to tumble sometimes. 我的观念就是,不要去“控制”他们, 也不要过多地“保护”他们, ——他们有时也需要摔倒,
tumble:v.摔倒;倒塌;滚动;打滚;仓惶地行动;n.跌倒;翻筋斗;跌跤;
They need to get some injury . 也需要受点伤。
injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处;
And that makes them learn how to live in this world. 这样他们就会从中学到 如何在这个世界上生存。
I think architecture is capable of changing this world, and people's lives. 我认为,建筑可以改变这个世界, 可以改变人们的生活。
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
And this is one of the attempts to change the lives of children. 这座幼儿园,就是其中一个尝试,它改变了孩子们的生活。
attempts:n.企图,试图;尝试(attempt的复数);v.试图;努力去做(attempt的三单形式);
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）