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TBoonePickens_2012-_能源改革—天然气_
I'm a believer . 我是个信徒?
believer:n.信徒;相信的人;
I'm a believer in global warming , and my record is good on the subject. 我是个相信温室效应的信徒 在这个科目上 我成绩很好
global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖;
But my subject is national security. 但我学的科目 是国家安全
We have to get off of oil purchased from the enemy. 我们必须远离向敌军 为石油付费的年代
purchased:v.买;购买;采购;(purchase的过去式和过去分词)
I'm talking about OPEC oil. 我说的是石油输出国家组织
And let me take you back 100 years to 1912. 现在让我把你们带回 100年前 到1912年
You're probably thinking that was my birth year. 你们可能觉得我出生在那年
(Laughter) （笑声）
It wasn't. It was 1928. 其实不是,
But go back to 1912, 100 years ago, and look at that point what we, our country, was faced with. 但是回到1912年 100年前 看看那个时候 我们,我们的国家面临的是什么情况
It's the same energy question that you're looking at today, but it's different sources of fuel. 同样是能源危机 如果现在看的话 只是不同的燃料而已
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数)
A hundred years ago we were looking at coal, of course, and we were looking at whale oil and we were looking at crude oil. 100年前 当然,我们关注的是煤 我们关注的是鲸脂油 我们关注的是原油
crude:adj.粗略的;简略的;大概的;粗糙的;n.原油;石油;
At that point, we were looking for a fuel that was cleaner, it was cheaper, and it wasn't ours though, it was theirs. 那个时候 我们在寻找一种燃料 更清洁 更便宜 尽管不是我们的 是石油输出国家组织的
So at that point, 1912, we selected crude oil over whale oil and some more coal. 所以,那个时候,1912年 我们选择了原油而不是鲸脂油 和煤
But as we moved on to the period now, 100 years later, we're back really at another decision point. 但是我们接着看 到如今,100年后 我们还是回到了 另外一个抉择点
What is the decision point? 我们的抉择点是什么呢
It's what we're going to use in the future. 是将来 我们又要用什么能源
So from here, it's pretty clear to me, we would prefer to have cleaner, cheaper, domestic , ours -- and we have that, we have that -- which is natural gas . 所以现在 这对我来说很清楚 我们宁愿选择 更清洁的 更环保的 国内的 我们自己的- 我们拥有的 我们拥有的是 是天然气
prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; natural gas:n.天然气;
So here you are, that the cost of all this to the world is 89 million barrels of oil, give or take a few barrels, every day. 所以 你们看 世界石油的总消耗 八千九百万桶
barrels:n.机筒; v.把…装桶;
And the cost annually is three trillion dollars. 而且年消耗 足足有三万亿美金
annually:adv.每年;一年一次; trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
And one trillion of that goes to OPEC. 其中有一万亿美金 被世界石油国家组织占有
That has got to be stopped. 绝对不能再这样
Now if you look at the cost of OPEC, it cost seven trillion dollars -- on the Milken Institute study last year -- seven trillion dollars since 1976, is what we paid for oil from OPEC. 自1976年以来
at the cost of:以…为代价; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
Now that includes the cost of military and the cost of the fuel both.
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
But it's the greatest transfer of wealth , from one group to another in the history of mankind . 这是人类历史上 从一个组织到另一个组织的 最大的财富转移
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; mankind:n.人类;男性;
And it continues. 而且 还将继续
Now when you look at where is the transfer of wealth, you can see here that we have the arrows going into the Mid-East and away from us.
And with that, we have found ourselves to be the world's policemen. 我们发现我们是 世界的保卫者
We are policing the world, and how are we doing that? 我们保卫着这个世界 我们是怎么做到的呢
I know the response to this.
response:n.响应;反应;回答;
I would bet there aren't 10 percent of you in the room that know how many aircraft carriers there are in the world. 我敢打赌这间房间里不会有超过百分之十的人 知道这个世界上有多少架航空母舰
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; aircraft:n.飞机,航空器;
Raise your hand if you think you know. 如果你知道的话请举手
There are 12. 一共有12架
One is under construction by the Chinese and the other 11 belong to us. 一架在中国正在建设中 另外有11架属于我们
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
Why do we have 11 aircraft carriers? 为什么我们有11架航空母舰呢
Do we have a corner on the market ? 我们垄断市场了吗？
on the market:上市;出售的;
Are we smarter than anybody else? I'm not sure. 我们比别人都要聪明吗？我不这么认为
If you look at where they're located -- and on this slide it's the red blobs on there -- there are five that are operating in the Mid-East, and the rest of them are in the United States. 我们看看这些航空母舰在哪就知道了 在这张幻灯片上有五个红色地方标记出来了 这是五架航空母舰在中东运行 剩下的在美国
located:adj.位于; v.确定…的准确地点; (locate的过去分词和过去式) blobs:n.斑点(blob的复数);v.溅污(blob的三单形式); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
They just move back to the Mid-East and those come back. 他们仅仅只是搬去了中东
So actually most of the 11 we have are tied up in the Mid-East. 所以实际上我们拥有的11架的大部分 被牢牢捆绑在中东
Why? Why are they in the Mid-East? 为什么？为什么会在中东呢？
They're there to control, keep the shipping lanes open and make oil available. 他们在那里控制着 保持着航运通道的畅通无阻 同时使石油可以被我们买到
lanes:n.线路,跑道(lane复数形式);
And the United States uses about 20 million barrels a day, which is about 25 percent of all the oil used everyday in the world. 其中美国一天使用两千万桶 这是世界每天石油消耗总量的 百分之二十五
And we're doing it with four percent of the population.
Somehow that doesn't seem right. 然而这却不一定是正确的做法
Somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
That's not sustainable . 绝对不能这样持续下去
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
So where do we go from here?
Does that continue?
Yes, it's going to continue.
The slide you're looking at here is 1990 to 2040. 我们看的这张幻灯片是 1990年到2040年
Over that period you are going to double your demand. 在这期间 你们的需要量将会加倍
And when you look at what we're using the oil for, 70 percent of it is used for transportation fuel. 你们看看你们用石油来干什么 其中的百分之70 是用作交通燃料
transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
So when somebody says, "Let's go more nuclear , let's go wind, let's go solar," 所以当有的人说 让我们使用核能吧 让我们使用风能,使用太阳能
nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的;
fine; I'm for anything American, anything American. 无所谓 只要是美国的东西都无所谓 只要是美国的
But if you're going to do anything about the dependency on foreign oil, you have to address transportation. 但是如果你们准备做的事情 需要依赖外国的石油 你们就必须要解决运输问题
dependency:n.属国;从属;从属物;
So here we are using 20 million barrels a day -- producing eight, importing 12, and from the 12, five comes from OPEC. 所以我们现在 每天用着两千万桶 自己生产八桶,进口12桶 这十二桶 五桶来自于石油输出国家组织
When you look at the biggest user and the second largest user, we use 20 million barrels and the Chinese use 10. 现在我们看看世界最大的石油国家和第二大国家 我们用两千万桶 中国用一千万桶
The Chinese have a little bit better plan -- or they have a plan; we have no plan. 中国还有个稍微好点的计划 或者至少他们有个计划 而我们没有计划
In the history of America, we've never had an energy plan. 在美国的历史上 我们从没有过能源计划
We don't even realize the resources that we have available to us. 我们甚至没有意识到 我们可以用的资源
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
If you take the last 10 years and bring forward , you've transferred to OPEC a trillion dollars. 如果你们在十年的时间 再这样下去的话 你们将会送给石油输出国家组织一万亿美元
bring forward:提出;提前;结转; transferred:v.(使)转移,搬迁;(使)调动;(transfer的过去分词和过去式)
If you go forward the next 10 years and cap the price of oil at 100 dollars a barrel, you will pay 2.2 trillion. 如果你们再往前推10年的话 而且石油价格以每桶100美元算的话 你们将会花2.2万亿美元
That's not sustainable either. 这同样是不可持续的
But the days of cheap oil are over. 石油便宜的日子已经结束了
They're over. 已经结束了
They make it very clear to you, the Saudis do, they have to have 94 dollars a barrel to make their social commitments . 石油输出国家组织已经表示得很清楚了 沙特阿拉伯人表示得很清楚 他们必须要以94美元一桶的价钱卖 来实现他们的社会承诺
commitments:n.承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身;(commitment的复数)
Now I had people in Washington last week told me, he said, "The Saudis can produce the oil for five dollars a barrel. 上个星期我华盛顿的朋友告诉我 他说 沙特人生产石油花 五美元一桶
That has nothing to do with it. 他们没有办法
It's what they have to pay for is what we are going to pay for oil."
There is no free market for oil.
free market:自由市场;
The oil is priced off the margin .
margin:n.边缘;利润,余裕;页边的空白;v.加边于;加旁注于;
And the OPEC nations are the ones that price the oil. 是石油输出国家组织 给石油定价的
So where are we headed from here?
We're headed to natural gas.
Natural gas will do everything we want it to do. 天然气能够实现一切 我们希望它实现的
It's 130 octane fuel. 它的价格是130辛烷值燃料
octane:n.辛烷;
It's 25 percent cleaner than oil. 它比石油干净四分之一
It's ours, we have an abundance of it. 它是我们的 我们有丰富的资源
abundance:n.丰度;丰富;大量;富足;
And it does not require a refinery . 而且制造也不需要提炼厂
refinery:n.炼油厂;制糖厂;精制厂;
It comes out of the ground at 130 octane.
Run it through the separator and you're ready to use it.
separator:n.分离器;[计]分隔符;
It's going to be very simple for us to use. 它使用起来将会很简单
It's going to be simple to accomplish this. 很简单就能实现
accomplish:v.完成;实现;达到;
You're going to find, and I'll tell you in just a minute, what you're looking for to make it happen. 你们即将发现 我稍后会告诉你们
But here you can look at the list. 不过现在你们可以看看这个列表
Natural gas will fit all of those. 天然气符合这里所有的条件
It will replace or be able to be used for that.
It's for power generation, transportation, it's peaking fuel, it's all those. 它可以用来发电,用来运输 它使尖端的燃料 它什么都可以做
peaking:n.剧烈增加; v.憔悴;
Do we have enough natural gas? 那么我们有足够的天然气吗
Look at the bar on the left. It's 24 trillion. 看看左边的方块 这是24万亿
It's what we use a year. 是我们一年用的
Go forward and the estimates that you have from the EIA and onto the industry estimates -- the industry knows what they're talking about -- we've got 4,000 trillion cubic feet of natural gas that's available to us. 再往前看 我们有4000万亿立方英尺的 可以使用的天然气
estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数) cubic:adj.立方体的,立方的;
How does that translate to barrels of oil equivalent ?
translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
It would be three times what the Saudis claim they have. 它将会是 沙特阿拉伯人认为他们有的三倍
claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
And they claim they have 250 billion barrels of oil, which I do not believe. 他们说他们有两千五百亿桶石油 反正我不相信
I think it's probably 175 billion barrels. 我猜可能有一千七百五十亿桶
But anyway, whether they say they're right or whatever, we have plenty of natural gas. 但是不管怎样 不管他们说他们是对的还是怎么样 我们有相当数量的天然气
So I have tried to target on where we use the natural gas. 所以我在试着寻找 我们在哪些地方用天然气
And where I've targeted is on the heavy-duty trucks. 而且我的目标 是耐重型的卡车
heavy-duty:adj.耐用的;重型的,重负荷的;
There are eight million of them. 现在有八百万卡车
You take eight million trucks -- these are 18-wheelers -- and take them to natural gas, reduce carbon by 30 percent, it is cheaper and it will cut our imports three million barrels. 你们可以用这八百万辆卡车 这些18个轮子的卡车-- 可以用他们去拉天然气 可以减少百分之三十的二氧化碳 这也会更便宜 而且会减少进口 三百万桶石油之多
carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的;
So you will cut 60 percent off of OPEC with eight million trucks. 所以你们可以用八百万辆卡车 减少60%从是有输出国家组织的石油
There are 250 million vehicles in America. 美国有25千万辆小汽车
vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数)
So what you have is natural gas is the bridge fuel, is the way I see it. 所以我们拥有的
I don't have to worry about the bridge to where at my age.
(Laughter) (笑声)
That's your concern . 这是你们应该关心的问题
concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事;
But when you look at the natural gas we have it could very well be the bridge to natural gas, because you have plenty of natural gas. 因为我们有相当数量的天然气
But as I said , I'm for anything American. 但是正如我所说, 任何美国的东西我都无所谓
as I said:正如我所说的
Now let me take you -- I've been a realist -- 现在让我带你们--我曾是个现实主义者
realist:n.现实主义者;实在论者;
I went from theorist early to realist. 我从以前的理论家变成现实主义者
theorist:n.理论家;
I'm back to theorist again. 现在我又是理论家了
If you look at the world, you have methane hydrates in the ocean around every continent . 你们看看这个世界 你们在海洋有甲烷水合物 在每个大陆周围
methane:n.[有化]甲烷;[能源]沼气; hydrates:n.[化学]水合物(hydrate的复数);v.与水化合(hydrate的第三人称单数形式); continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
And here you can see methane, if that's the way you're going to go, that there's plenty of methane -- natural gas is methane, methane and natural gas are interchangeable -- but if you decide that you're going to use some methane -- and I'm gone, so it's up to you -- but we do have plenty of methane hydrates. 而且在这张幻灯片上你们可以看到甲烷 如果这是你们以后的能源方向的话 那么这里有很多甲烷 天然气就是甲烷 天然气和甲烷是可以相互转换的 但是如果你们决定 你们就要用甲烷作为未来的能源 反正我已经死了,所以决定权在你们 不过我们确实有 很多的甲烷化合物
interchangeable:adj.可互换的;可交换的;可交替的;
So I think I've made my point that we have to get on our own resources in America. 所以我已经下定决定 我们要用我们美国自己的资源
If we do -- it's costing us a billion dollars a day for oil. 如果这样的话 就即将消耗每天十亿美元的石油
And yet, we have no energy plan. 而且 我们没有任何能源计划
So there's nothing going on that impresses me in Washington on that plan, other than I'm trying to focus on that eight million 18-wheelers. 所以接下来没有什么 除了我关注的 18个轮子的八百万辆卡车
impresses:v.盖印;强征;传送;给予某人深刻印象;n.印象,印记;特征,痕迹;
If we could do that,
I think we would take our first step to an energy plan. 那么我认为我们即将开始我们能源计划的 第一步
If we did, we could see that our own resources are easier to use than anybody can imagine. 如果我们可以的话,我们就能看到 我们自己的资源比 任何人想象的都要方便使用
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Chris Anderson: Thanks for that. Chris Anderson: 谢谢您的演讲
So from your point of view , you had this great Pickens Plan that was based on wind energy, and you abandoned it basically because the economics changed. 那么从您的观点来看 你有这个宏伟的Pickens计划 这个计划是以风能为基础的 而且你摈弃了它主要是 因为经济形势发生了变化
point of view:观点;见地;立场; abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式) basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
What happened? 到底是因为什么呢？
TBP: I lost 150 million dollars. TBP: 我们损失了一亿五千万美元
(Laughter) (笑声)
That'll make you abandon something. 这就使得我们必须要抛弃某些东西
No, what happened to us, Chris, is that power, it's priced off the margin. 而且,我们遭遇的是,Chiris,
And so the margin is natural gas.
And at the time I went into the wind business, natural gas was nine dollars. 而且当时我们正投资风能生意 天然气是九美金
Today it's two dollars and forty cents. 现在是两美元40美分
You cannot do a wind deal under six dollars an MCF. 你不能用 低于每千立方英尺六美金的价格做风能生意
CA: So what happened was that, through increased ability to use fracking technology , the calculated reserves of natural gas kind of exploded and the price plummeted , which made wind uncompetitive . CA:所以实际上是 尽管科技发展 到可以用水力压裂科技
fracking:n.水力压裂; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; reserves:n.[油气]储量; v.储备; exploded:adj.分解的; v.爆炸; (explode的过去分词和过去式) plummeted:n.[测]铅锤,坠子;vi.垂直落下;(价格,水平等)骤然下跌; uncompetitive:adj.无竞争力的;
In a nutshell that's what happened? 总结起来就是那样吗?
In a nutshell:极简单地;简言之;简而言之;总而言之;
TBP: That's what happened. TBP: 对,就是那样
We found out that we could go to the source rock, which were the carboniferous shales in the basins . 我们发现我们可以试试生油岩层
carboniferous:adj.石炭纪的,石炭系的;n.石炭纪,石炭层; shales:n.[岩]页岩(shale的复数); basins:n.盆;[地理]盆地(basin的复数);脸盆;v.凹下成盆状(basin的三单形式);
The first one was Barnett Shale in Texas and then the Marcellus up in the Northeast across New York, Pennsylvania , West Virginia; and Haynesville in Louisiana .
Northeast:adj.东北的;来自东北的;n.东北;adv.向东北;来自东北; Pennsylvania:n.宾夕法尼亚州(美国州名); Louisiana:n.美国路易斯安那州;
This stuff is everywhere.
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
We are overwhelmed with natural gas.
overwhelmed:v.受打击,压倒;淹没;(overwhelm的过去分词和过去式)
CA: And now you're a big investor in that and bringing that to market? CA: 现在你在这方面是个很大的投资者而且准备投入市场?
investor:n.投资者;
TBP: Well you say a big investor. TBP: 你说对了,是个大的投资者
It's my life. 这就是我的人生
I'm a geologist , got out of school in '51, and I've been in the industry my entire life. 我是个地质学家,1951年从学校毕业 我整个人生都投入这个行业了
geologist:n.地质学家,地质学者;
Now I do own stocks . 现在我有自己的股份
stocks:n.[金融]股票; v.采购;
I'm not a big natural gas producer. 我不是个大的天然气生产者
Somebody the other day said 有一天有人说
the other day:不久前某一天;几天以前;
I was the second largest natural gas producer in the United States. 我是美国第二大天然气生产商
Don't I wish. 这不是我希望的
But no, I'm not. I own stocks. 不是的,我有自己的股权
But I also am in the fueling business. 我也做能源生意
CA: But natural gas is a fossil fuel . CA:但天然气是种化石燃料
fossil fuel:n.化石燃料(如煤或石油);
You burn it, you release CO2. 你燃烧它 那么你就释放了CO2
release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与;
So you believe in the threat of climate change. 那么你不担心对气候变化的威胁吗？
Why doesn't that prospect concern you? 为什么这方面的预期 不困扰你呢？
prospect:n.展望;前景;希望;前途;v.勘探;探矿;
TBP: Well you're going to have to use something. TBP: 但是你必须要燃烧某些东西
What do you have to replace it? 你有什么可以替代它呢？
(Laughter) (笑声)
CA: No, no. The argument that it's a bridge fuel makes sense, because the amount of CO2 per unit of energy is lower than oil and coal, correct? CA: 不,不,争论在于我们未来的燃料 因为每单元能量的CO2的排放量 比石油和煤少,对吧？
And so everyone can be at least happy to see a shift from coal or oil to natural gas. 所以我们每个人见到 从煤或者石油到天然气的转变很开心
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换;
But if that's it and that becomes the reason that renewables don't get invested in, then, long-term , we're screwed anyway, right? 但是如果是因为气候变化 而且因为这样 使得可再生能源得不到投资 那么,长期来说,我们怎么样都会完蛋的,对吧？
renewables:n.可再生能源(renewable的复数); invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式) long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; screwed:v.用螺丝固定;旋紧;拧紧;拧上去;(screw的过去分词和过去式)
TBP: Well I'm not ready to give up, but Jim and I talked there as he left, and I said, "How do you feel about natural gas?" TBP: 我并不是准备放弃 然后,我说:你关于天然气是怎么看的？
And he said, "Well it's a bridge fuel, is what it is." 他回答说:他是通往未来燃料的方向
And I said, "Bridge to what? 我问道:通往什么？
Where are we headed?"
See but again, I told you, I don't have to worry with that.
You all do.
CA: But I don't think that's right, Boone. CA
I think you're a person who believes in your legacy . 我认为你是个相信自己的人
legacy:n.遗赠,遗产;
You've made the money you need. 你已经赚到了你需要的钱
You're one of the few people in a position to really swing the debate . 你是极少数人之一在一个位置上 能够引起这场争论的人
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
Do you support the idea of some kind of price on carbon? 你支持关于碳的使用必然有代价的想法吗？
Does that make sense ? 你认为有意义吗？
make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理;
TBP: I don't like that because it ends up the government is going to run the program. TBP:我不认同 因为最终是政府来执行这个项目
I can tell you it will be a failure. 我可以告诉你这必定以失败告终
The government is not successful on these things. 政府在这些事情上 不大成功
They just aren't, it's a bad deal. 他们就是不成功,这是个失败的打算
Look at Solyndra, or whatever it was.
I mean, that was told to be a bad idea 10 times, they went ahead and did it anyway. 我的意思是,已经注定了会是个坏主意 他们不管怎样还是执行
But that only blew out 500 million. 结果就是浪费了5亿美元
I think it's closer to a billion. 我认为接近十亿美元
But Chris, I think where we're headed, the long-term, 但是Chris,我认为 长期来说
I don't mind going back to nuclear. 我不管最后是不是还是回到了核能
And I can tell you what the last page of the report that will take them five years to write will be. 我能够告诉你的是 报告的最后一页我们即将 要花五年的时间来写
One, don't build a reformer on a fault. 首先,
reformer:n.改革家;改革运动者;改良者;
(Laughter) (笑声)
And number two, do not build a reformer on the ocean. 然后,第二
And now I think reformers are safe.
reformers:维新派;
Move them inland and on very stable ground and build the reformers.
inland:n.内地;内陆;adj.内陆的;内地的;国内的;adv.在内地;向内地;向内陆;在内陆; stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房;
There isn't anything wrong with nuke .
nuke:n.核武器;核能发电厂;核潜艇;vt.以核武器攻击;adj.核武器的;
You're going to have to have energy. There is no question.
You can't -- okay.
CA: One of the questions from the audience is, with fracking and the natural gas process , what about the problem of methane leaking from that, methane being a worse global warming gas than CO2? CA:有一个问题是观众提出来的 是,随着水力压裂技术的发展和天然气使用的过程中 那么岩石表面的塌陷会是个问题 而且会是个 比CO2更严重的问题？
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; leaking:v.渗漏;泄露(秘密信息);走漏;(leak的现在分词)
Is that a concern? 这是个合理的担忧吗？
TBP: Fracking? What is fracking?
CA: Fracking.
TBP: I'm teasing .
teasing:adj.开玩笑的;n.取笑;挑逗;v.取笑;戏弄;招惹;(tease的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
CA: We've got a little bit of accent incompatibility here, you know.
accent:n.口音;重音;强调;特点;重音符号;v.强调;重读;带…口音讲话; incompatibility:n.不相容;不协调;不一致;
TBP: No, let me tell you,
I've told you what my age was. 我已经告诉你们我多大了
I got out of school in '51. 我1951年从学校毕业
I witnessed my first frack job at border Texas in 1953. 我目睹了我的第一份水力压裂的工作 1953年在德克萨斯州的边界上
witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词)
Fracking came out in '47, and don't believe for a minute when our president gets up there and says the Department of Energy 30 years ago developed fracking. 水力压裂技术发明在1947年
for a minute:一会儿;
I don't know what in the hell he's talking about.
I mean seriously, the Department of Energy did not have anything to do with fracking.
The first frack job was in '47.
I saw my first one in '53.
I've fracked over 3,000 wells in my life.
Never had a problem with messing up an aquifer or anything else .
messing:v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;(mess的现在分词) aquifer:n.(美)蓄水层;含水土层; or anything else:或什么别的;或任何东西其他;
Now the largest aquifer in North America is from Midland , Texas to the South Dakota border, across eight states -- big aquifer:
North America:n.北美洲; Midland:n.内地;中部地方;adj.中部的;在内陆的; Dakota:n.达科他(美国过去一地区名,现分为南,北达科他州);adj.达科他人的;
Ogallala, Triassic age.
There had to have been 800,000 wells fracked in Oklahoma , Texas, Kansas in that aquifer.
Oklahoma:n.美国俄克拉荷马州; Kansas:n.堪萨斯州(美国州名);
There's no problems.
I don't understand why the media is focused on Eastern Pennsylvania.
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒;
CA: All right, so you don't support a carbon tax of any kind or a price on carbon.
Your picture then I guess of how the world eventually gets off fossil fuels is through innovation ultimately , that we'll someday make solar and nuclear cost competitive?
eventually:adv.最后,终于; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
TBP: Solar and wind, Jim and I agreed on that in 13 seconds.
That is, it's going to be a small part, because you can't rely on it.
rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
CA: So how does the world get off fossil fuels?
TBP: How do we get there?
We have so much natural gas, a day will not come where you say, "Well let's don't use that anymore."
You'll keep using it. It is the cleanest of all.
And if you look at California, they use 2,500 buses.
LAMTA have been on natural gas for 25 years.
The Ft. Worth T has been on it for 25 years.
Why? Air quality was the reason they used natural gas and got away from diesel .
Air quality:n.空气质量; diesel:n.柴油机;柴油;柴油车;内燃机车
Why are all the trash trucks today in Southern California on natural gas?
trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
It's because of air quality.
I know what you're telling me, and I'm not disagreeing with you.
disagreeing:n.不同意;v.不同意(disagree的现在分词);
How in the hell can we get off the natural gas at some point?
And I say, that is your problem.
(Laughter)
CA: All right, so it's the bridge fuel.
What is at the other end of that bridge is for this audience to figure out.
If someone comes to you with a plan that really looks like it might be part of this solution , are you ready to invest in those technologies , even if they aren't maximized for profits , they might be maximized for the future health of the planet?
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); maximized:v.最大化(maximize的过去式); profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数)
TBP: I lost 150 million on the wind, okay.
Yeah, sure, I'm game for it.
Because, again,
I'm trying to get energy solved for America.
And anything American will work for me.
CA: Boone, I really, really appreciate you coming here, engaging in this conversation.
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
I think there's a lot of people who will want to engage with you.
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
And that was a real gift you gave this audience.
Thank you so much. (TBP: You bet, Chris. Thank you.)
(Applause)