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SylvainDuranton_2019S-_如何让人类与人工智能合作来改善业务_-
Let me share a paradox . 我来分享一个矛盾。
paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事;
For the last 10 years, many companies have been trying to become less bureaucratic , to have fewer central rules and procedures , more autonomy for their local teams to be more agile . 在过去十年中, 很多公司都想摆脱官僚化, 通过减少职务, 精简程序, 给团队更多自主权, 让公司运作更灵活。
bureaucratic:adj.官僚的;官僚政治的; procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数); autonomy:n.自治,自治权; agile:adj.敏捷的;机敏的;活泼的;
And now they are pushing artificial intelligence , AI, unaware that cool technology might make them more bureaucratic than ever. 现在公司开始引进人工智能,AI, 却没意识到这个很酷的科技 可能让他们变得更加官僚。
artificial intelligence:n.人工智能; unaware:adj.不知道的,无意的;未察觉到的;adv.意外地;不知不觉地; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Why? 为什么呢？
Because AI operates just like bureaucracies . 因为 AI 的运作方式就很官僚。
bureaucracies:n.繁文褥节;官僚政治(bureaucracy的复数);
The essence of bureaucracy is to favor rules and procedures over human judgment . 官僚的本质 就是看重规则和程序, 而非人类自身的判断,
essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精; bureaucracy:n.官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治; judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力;
And AI decides solely based on rules. 而且只根据规则做决策。
solely:adv.单独地,唯一地;
Many rules inferred from past data but only rules. 虽然 AI 是依据原有规则形成的, 但只有规则。
inferred:adj.推论的;推测出的;v.推测(infer的过去分词);
And if human judgment is not kept in the loop , 若我们抛弃人类的判断,
in the loop:在消息圈内;在决策圈内;在参与机密的智囊团内;
AI will bring a terrifying form of new bureaucracy -- 运用 AI 将带来可怕的新官僚主义——
terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词)
I call it "algocracy" -- where AI will take more and more critical decisions by the rules outside of any human control. 我称之为 AI 官僚主义 (algocracy), 也就是说 AI 将脱离 人类的控制,仅凭规则 做出越来越多重要决策。
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
Is there a real risk? 这有风险吗？
Yes. 当然有。
I'm leading a team of 800 AI specialists. 我领导的团队由 800 名 AI 专家组成,
We have deployed over 100 customized AI solutions for large companies around the world. 我们为很多全球的大公司 量身打造了上百个 AI 系统。
deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开; customized:v.订制,订做,改制;(customize的过去分词和过去式)
And I see too many corporate executives behaving like bureaucrats from the past. 我看过太多的公司高管 因此重拾了过往的官僚做派。
corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; executives:n.经理,主管领导,管理人员;领导层;行政部门(executive的复数) behaving:v.表现:表现得体:有礼貌:(behave的现在分词) bureaucrats:官僚;
They want to take costly , old-fashioned humans out of the loop and rely only upon AI to take decisions. 他们对麻烦又老套的 人类决策嗤之以鼻, 完全依赖 AI 来做决策。
costly:adj.昂贵的;代价高的; old-fashioned:adj.老式的;过时的;守旧的; rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
I call this the "human-zero mindset ." 我称之为无人类思维 （human-zero mindset）。
mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
And why is it so tempting ? 可为何这种思维这么诱人？
tempting:adj.吸引人的;诱惑人的;v.引诱;(tempt的现在分词);
Because the other route , "Human plus AI," is long, costly and difficult. 因为另一种思维—— 人类＋AI 费时、费钱、又费力。
route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
Business teams, tech teams, data-science teams have to iterate for months to craft exactly how humans and AI can best work together. 商业团队、科技团队 和数据科学团队 不得不花费几个月的功夫, 探索人类和 AI 如何更好地合作。
iterate:vt.迭代;重复;反复说;重做; craft:n.工艺;船;手艺;飞行器;v.(尤指用手工)精心制作;
Long, costly and difficult. 探索过程漫长艰难, 花了很多钱,
But the reward is huge. 但取得了巨大成果。
reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏;
A recent survey from BCG and MIT shows that 18 percent of companies in the world are pioneering AI, making money with it. 根据波士顿咨询公司和 麻省理工大学最近的调查, 全球有 18％ 的公司 都在推动 AI 的发展, 希望借此盈利。
survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地; BCG:abbr.(=BacillusCalmette-Guérin)[药]卡介苗;
Those companies focus 80 percent of their AI initiatives on effectiveness and growth, taking better decisions -- not replacing humans with AI to save costs. 这些公司 80% 的人工智能计划 都集中在效率和增长上, 以做出更好的决策—— 而不是用 AI 取代人类 以减少开支。
initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始; effectiveness:n.效力;
Why is it important to keep humans in the loop? 为什么人类的作用必不可少？
Simply because, left alone, AI can do very dumb things. 原因很简单: 没有人类,AI 会干傻事。
dumb:adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声音的;
Sometimes with no consequences , like in this tweet. 有时候 AI 的工作毫无价值, 就像这条推文讲的:
consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
'"Dear Amazon , “亲爱的亚马逊公司,
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士;
I bought a toilet seat . 我之前买了一个马桶圈。
toilet seat:马桶座圈;
Necessity, not desire. 生活必需品, 不是什么癖好。
I do not collect them, 我不收藏马桶圈,
I'm not a toilet-seat addict . 我没有马桶圈瘾。
addict:n.有瘾的人;入迷的人;v.使沉溺;使上瘾;
No matter how temptingly you email me, 不管你的广告邮件多诱人,
I am not going to think, 'Oh, go on, then, one more toilet seat, I'll treat myself.' " 我都不会觉得 ‘哦,受不了, 只好再买个马桶圈了, 偶尔放纵一下自己。’ ”
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
(Laughter) (笑声)
Sometimes, with more consequence, like in this other tweet. 有时,AI 又“太有帮助”, 像这条推文:
'"Had the same situation with my mother's burial urn." “我在为妈妈买了骨灰盒后 遇到了同样的状况。”
(Laughter) (笑声)
'"For months after her death, “在她去世后的几个月里,
I got messages from Amazon, saying, 'If you liked that ...' " 亚马逊给我发的邮件都是‘根据你 的购物历史,你可能喜欢… (骨灰盒) ’ ”
(Laughter) (笑声)
Sometimes with worse consequences. 有时结果更糟。
Take an AI engine rejecting a student application for university. 比如说 AI 曾经拒绝了 一名学生的大学申请。
rejecting:v.拒绝接受;拒收;不录用;不出售,不出版;(reject的现在分词) application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
Why? 为什么？
Because it has "learned," on past data, characteristics of students that will pass and fail. 因为这个AI 从以前的数据“学”到了 哪些学生会通过, 哪些学生不能——
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数)
Some are obvious , like GPAs. 有一些指标很明确, 比如绩点。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
But if, in the past, all students from a given postal code have failed, it is very likely that AI will make this a rule and will reject every student with this postal code, not giving anyone the opportunity to prove the rule wrong. 但如果在过去,某个地区 学生都没通过, AI 很可能就此定下规则, 然后拒绝所有来自这个地区的学生, 不给任何人证明规则有误的机会。
postal code:un.邮政编码;
And no one can check all the rules, because advanced AI is constantly learning. 并且没有人能够筛查掉这样的规则, 因为先进的 AI 一直在学。
advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) constantly:adv.不断地;时常地;
And if humans are kept out of the room, there comes the algocratic nightmare . 那么如果直接用 AI 取代人类, 迎来的将是 AI 官僚主义的噩梦:
nightmare:n.恶梦;梦魇般的经历;adj.可怕的;噩梦似的;
Who is accountable for rejecting the student? 谁应该对学生的被拒负责？
accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的;
No one, AI did. 没有谁,AI 来负责。
Is it fair? Yes. 这公平吗？公平。
The same set of objective rules has been applied to everyone. 因为所有学生都用同一规则判定。
objective:n.目标; adj.客观的; applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
Could we reconsider for this bright kid with the wrong postal code? 那可不可以重新考虑这个 “住错了地方”的聪明学生？
No, algos don't change their mind. 不行,AI 算法不会改变主意。
We have a choice here. 我们需要做出选择:
Carry on with algocracy or decide to go to "Human plus AI." 继续 AI 的独裁, 还是考虑“人类＋AI”思维？
And to do this, we need to stop thinking tech first, and we need to start applying the secret formula . 要拥有这种思维, 我们不能再优先考虑技术, 而是要从秘密公式入手。
applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词) formula:n.公式; adj.(赛车)方程式的(指赛车要符合规定的体积,重量及汽缸容量等);
To deploy "Human plus AI," 要实现“人类＋AI”,
10 percent of the effort is to code algos; 20 percent to build tech around the algos, collecting data, building UI, integrating into legacy systems; 需要 10％ 的编程算法; 20％ 的科技成分, 包括收集数据,构建用户界面, 整合进遗留系统;
integrating:v.(使)合并,成为一体;(使)加入,融入群体;(integrate的现在分词) legacy:n.遗赠,遗产;
But 70 percent, the bulk of the effort, is about weaving together AI with people and processes to maximize real outcome . 其余 70％ 是最重要的, 是结合 AI 和人类的方法, 让结果最接近完美。
bulk:n.大部分;主体;(大)体积;大(量);v.扩展;增大;堆积起来;形成大块; weaving:v.编,织;(用…)编成;编造(故事等);(weave的现在分词) processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
AI fails when cutting short on the 70 percent. 如果这 70％ 被削减, AI 就会出现问题。
The price tag for that can be small, wasting many, many millions of dollars on useless technology. 代价可以很小, 只是在无用科技上 浪费数百万美元。
price tag:n.价格标签;
Anyone cares? 谁会在乎呢？
Or real tragedies : 346 casualties in the recent crashes of two B-737 aircrafts when pilots could not interact properly with a computerized command system. 但代价也可以大到无法承受: 最近两起波音 737 空难造成了 346 人遇难, 原因都是电脑控制的飞行系统 没有正确回应飞行员的指令。
tragedies:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;(tragedy的复数) casualties:n.伤亡;人员伤亡(casualty的复数); aircrafts:n.飞行器(aircraft的复数); interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; computerized:adj.电脑的; v.用电子计算机控制(computerize的过去分词);
For a successful 70 percent, the first step is to make sure that algos are coded by data scientists and domain experts together. 要成功实现那 70％, 第一步就要保证算法编程 由数据科学家 和领域专家共同完成。
coded:adj.[计]编码的;电码的;译成电码的;v.译成密码(code的过去式和过去分词); domain:n.领域;域名;产业;地产;
Take health care for example. 拿医疗领域举例,
health care:n.卫生保健;
One of our teams worked on a new drug with a slight problem. 我们有一个团队曾经处理过 一种药产生的小问题。
slight:adj.轻微的;略微的;细小的;纤细的;n.侮慢;冷落;轻视;v.侮慢;冷落;轻视;
When taking their first dose , some patients , very few, have heart attacks. 在首次服用这种药后, 有很少一部分患者会诱发心脏病。
dose:n.剂量;一剂,一服;v.服药;给药;给…服药; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
So, all patients, when taking their first dose, have to spend one day in hospital, for monitoring, just in case . 于是所有第一次服用这种药的患者 都要住院观察一天, 以防心脏病发作。
just in case:以防万一;作为准备;
Our objective was to identify patients who were at zero risk of heart attacks, who could skip the day in hospital. 我们想区分出 完全不可能发心脏病的患者, 这样他们就不用在医院多待一天。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
We used AI to analyze data from clinical trials, to correlate ECG signal, blood composition , biomarkers , with the risk of heart attack . 我们用 AI 分析了临床试验的数据, 寻找心电图、血液成分、生物标记 和心脏病发作风险之间的关系。
analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse); clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; correlate:vi.关联;vt.使有相互关系;互相有关系;n.相关物;相关联的人;adj.关联的; composition:n.成分;作文;构成;创作; biomarkers:n.生物标记;生物指标(biomarker的复数); heart attack:n.[医]心肌梗塞
In one month, our model could flag 62 percent of patients at zero risk. 在一个月内, 我们训练的模型就能标记出 62％ 的零发病风险患者。
They could skip the day in hospital. 这样,这些患者就不必 白白在医院呆上一天。
Would you be comfortable staying at home for your first dose if the algo said so? 但是,你会放心地 在第一次服药后直接回家, 就因为 AI 说你可以回家了？
(Laughter) (笑声)
Doctors were not. 医师也不会放心。
What if we had false negatives , meaning people who are told by AI they can stay at home, and die? 万一出现了错误结果呢？ 也就是说,AI 叫他们回家等死？
What if:如果…怎么办? negatives:n.[摄]底片; v.否定;
(Laughter) （笑声）
There started our 70 percent. 这就需要那 70％ 的作用了。
We worked with a team of doctors to check the medical logic of each variable in our model. 我们与医师团队合作, 检验模型中变量的医学合理性。
logic:n.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性;adj.逻辑的; variable:n.变量;可变因素;可变情况;adj.多变的;易变的;变化无常的;可更改的;
For instance , we were using the concentration of a liver enzyme as a predictor , for which the medical logic was not obvious. 比方说,我们用肝酶浓度 作为预测变量, 这里的医学逻辑并不明显,
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心; liver:n.肝;(动物供食用的)肝; enzyme:n.[生化]酶; predictor:n.[气象]预报器;预言者;
The statistical signal was quite strong. 但从统计信号角度看, 与结果有很大关系。
statistical:adj.统计的;统计学的;
But what if it was a bias in our sample? 但万一它是个偏置项呢？ （注:即该变量与心脏病无实际关联）
bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
That predictor was taken out of the model. 所以这个变量会被剔除。
We also took out predictors for which experts told us they cannot be rigorously measured by doctors in real life. 我们还剔除了一些变量, 因为医师无法精准测出这些变量。
predictors:[气象]预报器; rigorously:adv.严厉地;残酷地; measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
After four months, we had a model and a medical protocol . 四个月后, 我们训练出了模型, 制定了医学使用协议。
protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定;
They both got approved my medical authorities in the US last spring, resulting in far less stress for half of the patients and better quality of life. 它们都获批通过。 去年春天,与我们合作的 美国医疗机构, 为一半服用这种药的患者减轻了压力, 提高了生活品质。
approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数)
And an expected upside on sales over 100 million for that drug. 且这种药的销量迅速增加, 超过了一亿份。
Seventy percent weaving AI with team and processes also means building powerful interfaces for humans and AI to solve the most difficult problems together. 人类团队和方法造就的 70％, 也意味着在人类和 AI 之间 建立了坚固的联结, 以共同解决最难的问题。
interfaces:n.分界面; v.把界面缝合; (interface的复数)
Once, we got challenged by a fashion retailer . 以前有一个时装零售商问我们:
retailer:n.零售商;传播的人;
'"We have the best buyers in the world. “时装零售商都很会进货,
buyers:n.[贸易]买主;买方市场;采购者;购货者(buyer的复数);
Could you build an AI engine that would beat them at forecasting sales? 你能不能做一个 AI 在预测销量上超过他们？
forecasting:n.预测;v.预言;作预告(forecast的ing形式);
At telling how many high-end , light-green, men XL shirts we need to buy for next year? 要卖多少件高端服装、 浅绿色衣服、加大码男衬衫, 能赚到最多钱？
high-end:adj.高端的;高档的;
At predicting better what will sell or not than our designers." 能不能预测哪些衣服会大卖, 预测得比设计师还准？”
predicting:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的现在分词)
Our team trained a model in a few weeks, on past sales data, and the competition was organized with human buyers. 我们的团队在几周内 用以往销量数据训练出模型, 和人类商家比赛。
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
Result? 猜猜谁赢了？
AI wins, reducing forecasting errors by 25 percent. AI 胜出,预测错误率比人类低 25％。
Human-zero champions could have tried to implement this initial model and create a fight with all human buyers. 零人类思维者可能会改进模型, 投入和人类商家的竞争。
implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具; initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于;
Have fun. 开心就好。
But we knew that human buyers had insights on fashion trends that could not be found in past data. 但我们知道, 人类买家对时尚潮流有远见, 这是 AI 在以往数据学不到的。
insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数); trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
There started our 70 percent. 于是我们转向那 70％,
We went for a second test, where human buyers were reviewing quantities suggested by AI and could correct them if needed. 我们开始了第二次测试。 人类商家来复查 AI 推算的购买量, 然后做出必要纠正。
reviewing:v.复查;重新考虑;反思;评论;(review的现在分词) quantities:n.数量;数目;大量;大宗;(quantity的复数)
Result? 结果如何？
Humans using AI ... 使用 AI 的人类商家……
lose. 输了。
Seventy-five percent of the corrections made by a human were reducing accuracy . 人类做出的纠正中, 有 75％ 都在降低 AI 准确率。
accuracy:n.[数]精确度,准确性;
Was it time to get rid of human buyers? 是不是要放弃人类商家的介入了？
No. 不是。
It was time to recreate a model where humans would not try to guess when AI is wrong, but where AI would take real input from human buyers. 我们要重新搭建一个模型, 这一次,不让人类猜 AI 的对错, 而是让 AI 寻求人类的建议。
recreate:vt.再现;再创造 input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机;
We fully rebuilt the model and went away from our initial interface, which was, more or less , "Hey, human! This is what I forecast, correct whatever you want," 我们将模型改头换面, 抛弃了最初的交互方式: “嘿人类！这是我的预测, 帮我纠正一下吧！”
more or less:或多或少;
and moved to a much richer one, more like, "Hey, humans! 改进后的交互方式 变得更广泛,像这样: “嘿人类！
I don't know the trends for next year. 我不懂明年的流行趋势,
Could you share with me your top creative bets ?" 可不可以告诉我你押宝在哪？”
creative:adj.创造性的; bets:v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿(bet的第三人称单数)
'"Hey, humans! “嘿人类！
Could you help me quantify those few big items ? 可以帮我看看这些大家伙吗？
quantify:vt.量化;为…定量;确定数量;vi.量化;定量; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数)
I cannot find any good comparables in the past for them." 它们超出了我的认知范围。”
Result? 结果如何？
'"Human plus AI" wins, reducing forecast errors by 50 percent. “人类＋AI” 胜出, 这次预测错误率降低了 50%。
It took one year to finalize the tool. 我们花了一年才最终完成这个工具,
finalize:v.把(计划、旅行、项目等)最后定下来;定案;
Long, costly and difficult. 漫长、成本高,还很艰难,
But profits and benefits were in excess of 100 million of savings per year for that retailer. 但利润很丰厚,好处很多, 每年为零售商节省了超过一亿美金。
profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数) excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数)
Seventy percent on very sensitive topics also means human have to decide what is right or wrong and define rules for what AI can do or not, like setting caps on prices to prevent pricing engines 在一些特定议题上, 70％ 也意味着人类要决定对错, 定下规则限制 AI 的权力。 例如设定价格上限,
sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人; define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
[from charging] outrageously high prices to uneducated customers who would accept them. 防止 AI 粗暴地抬价, 向不知情的顾客 漫天要价。
outrageously:adv.凶残地,残暴地; uneducated:adj.无知的;未受教育的;v.未受教育(uneducate的过去式和过去分词);
Only humans can define those boundaries -- there is no way AI can find them in past data. 只有人类能够设定界限, 因为 AI 不可能从以往数据学到。
boundaries:n.边界;分界线;(boundary的复数)
Some situations are in the gray zone. 有时候我们可能遇到灰色地带。
We worked with a health insurer . 我们曾和保险公司有过合作,
insurer:n.保险公司;承保人;
He developed an AI engine to identify, among his clients , people who are just about to go to hospital to sell them premium services. 他们开发了一个 针对客户的 AI 系统, 用来识别快要去治病的客户, 向他们推销附加产品。
clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数) premium:n.额外费用;奖金;保险费;(商)溢价;adj.高价的;优质的;
And the problem is, some prospects were called by the commercial team while they did not know yet they would have to go to hospital very soon. 问题是, 一些接到推销电话的客户, 这时候并不知道 他们很可能马上要去医院看病。
prospects:n.可能性; v.探矿; (prospect的第三人称单数和复数) commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
You are the CEO of this company. 如果你是这家公司的执行长,
Do you stop that program? 你会取消这个项目吗？
Not an easy question. 这是个两难的抉择。
And to tackle this question, some companies are building teams, defining ethical rules and standards to help business and tech teams set limits between personalization and manipulation , customization of offers and discrimination , targeting and intrusion . 为了解决这个问题, 一些公司正在组建团队, 帮商业和科技团队 制定伦理规则和标准, 在个性化和可操作性间寻找平衡点, 区别意见和偏见, 分清关照和冒犯。
tackle:v.处理; n.用具; defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词) ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数) personalization:n.个性化; manipulation:n.操作;管理措施;处理;操纵证券市场;变换; customization:n.定制;[计]用户化;客制化服务; discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力; intrusion:n.侵入;闯入;
I am convinced that in every company, applying AI where it really matters has massive payback. 我坚信在每家公司, 把 AI 运用到关键之处 定会有巨大回报。
convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
Business leaders need to be bold and select a few topics, and for each of them, mobilize 10, 20, 30 people from their best teams -- tech, AI, data science, ethics -- and go through the full 10-, 20-, 70-percent cycle of "Human plus AI," 商业领袖们要大胆尝试, 选择一些项目, 为每个项目召集几十个 领域佼佼者—— 科技、AI、科学、伦理—— 然后完成10％、20％、70％的 “人类＋AI”目标。
bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的; mobilize:v.动员;动员;调动;组织;鼓动;调用; ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准;
if they want to land AI effectively in their teams and processes. 这样 AI 就可以和人类高效合作。
There is no other way. 除此之外别无他法。
Citizens in developed economies already fear algocracy. 经济飞速发展的同时, 公民已对 AI 官僚主义产生了恐惧。
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数)
Seven thousand were interviewed in a recent survey. 在近期的一项针对七千人的调研中,
interviewed:v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈); (媒体)采访(interview的过去分词和过去式)
More than 75 percent expressed real concerns on the impact of AI on the workforce , on privacy , on the risk of a dehumanized society. 超过 75％ 的人表示了担忧, 担心 AI 影响就业、隐私, 担心社会会失去人性。
expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式) concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; workforce:n.劳动大军;全体员工; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处; dehumanized:v.使丧失人性;使无人性;(dehumanize的过去分词和过去式)
Pushing algocracy creates a real risk of severe backlash against AI within companies or in society at large. AI 官僚主义的出现 会导致公司和社会 对 AI 的强烈抵触。
severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; backlash:n.反冲;强烈抵制;vt.强烈反对;发生后冲;
'"Human plus AI" is our only option to bring the benefits of AI to the real world. “人类＋AI”是唯一选项, 只有这样才能让 AI 真正带来福祉。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
And in the end, winning organizations will invest in human knowledge, not just AI and data. 最后, 因 AI 获利的组织, 要为人类智慧投资, 而不仅仅投资 AI 和数据。
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予;
Recruiting , training, rewarding human experts. 聘募、培养、奖励人类专家。
Recruiting:v.吸收(新成员);征募(新兵);动员;(recruit的现在分词) rewarding:adj.有益的;值得做的;报酬高的;v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的现在分词)
Data is said to be the new oil, but believe me, human knowledge will make the difference, because it is the only derrick available to pump the oil hidden in the data. 有人说数据是新的燃料, 但相信我,人类知识能改变世界。 因为人类知识是唯一的泵, 能将蕴藏于数据的“燃料” 源源不断地泵出。
derrick:n.起重机,[机]转臂起重机;油井的铁架塔; pump:n.抽水机;泵;打气筒;v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) (掌声)