返回首页

SusanCain_2012-_内向性格的力量_
When I was nine years old 当我九岁的时候
I went off to summer camp for the first time. 我第一次去参加夏令营
summer camp:n.夏令营;
And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books, which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do. 我妈妈帮我整理好了我的行李箱 里面塞满了书 这对于我来说是一件极为自然的事情
suitcase:n.[轻]手提箱;衣箱;
Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity. 因为在我的家庭里 阅读是主要的家庭活动
And this might sound antisocial to you, but for us it was really just a different way of being social. 听上去你们可能觉得我们是不爱交际的 但是对于我的家庭来说这真的只是接触社会的另一种途径
antisocial:adj.反社会的;扰乱社会的;不爱交际的;n.违背社会公德的人;反社会者;
You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you, but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind. 你们有自己家庭接触时的温暖亲情 （家人）夜晚静坐在你身边 但是你也可以自由地漫步在冒险的乐园边, 在你思维的深处
roaming:n.漫游;移动;v.漫步;闲逛;徘徊(roam的现在分词); adventureland:n.探险世界(迪士尼主题公园之一);
And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better. 我有一个想法 野营会变得像这样子,当然要更好些
(Laughter) （笑声）
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns . 有一次我看到十个女孩坐在一个小屋里 都穿着合身的女式睡衣惬意的享受着读书的过程
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; cabin:v.把…关在小屋内; n.(轮船上生活或睡觉的)隔间; (通常为木制的)小屋; nightgowns:n.睡衣(等于dressinggown或nightdress);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol . 没有酒的野营这时更像是一个木桶聚会
alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料;
And on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit. 在第一天的时候呢 我们的顾问把我们都集合在一起 并且她教会了我们一种今后要用到的祝酒的方式 在余下夏令营的每一天中 让“露营精神”浸润我们
counselor:n.顾问;法律顾问;参事(等于counsellor); instill:vt.徐徐滴入;逐渐灌输;
And it went like this: "R-O-W-D-I-E, that's the way we spell rowdie. 之后它就像这样继续着 R-O-W-D-I-E 这时我们拼写“吵闹 的方式
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie." 我们唱着“噪音,喧闹,我们要变得吵一点”
Yeah. 对,就是这样
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy , or why we had to spell this word incorrectly. 可我就是弄不明白我的生活会是什么样的 为什么我们变得这么吵闹粗暴 或者为什么我们非要把这个单词错误的拼写
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) rowdy:adj.吵闹的;粗暴的;n.粗暴的人;好吵闹的人;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else. 但是我可没有忘记祝酒。我与每个人都互相祝酒了
recited:vt.背诵;叙述;列举;vi.背诵;叙述;
I did my best. 我尽了我最大的努力
And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books. 我只是想等待那一刻 那一刻,我可以离开吵闹的聚会去捧起我挚爱的书
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase, the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow ?" -- mellow, of course, being the exact opposite of R-O-W-D-I-E. 但是当我第一次把书从行李箱中拿出来的时候 床铺中最冷酷的那个女孩向我走了过来 并且她问我:“为什么你要这么安静？” 安静,当然,是它的反义词 是“喧闹”的反义词
bunk:n.铺位;床铺;座床;v.睡在铺上;逃跑; mellow:adj.圆润的,柔和的;成熟的;芳醇的;v.使成熟;使柔和;成熟;
And then the second time I tried it, the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing. 而当我第二次对那样的情形感到厌倦的时候 我们的顾问满脸忧虑的向我走了过来 接着她重复了关于“露营精神”的要点 并且说我们都应当努力 去变的外向些
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
And so I put my books away, back in their suitcase, and I put them under my bed, and there they stayed for the rest of the summer. 于是我放好我的书 放回了属于他们的行李箱中 并且我把他们放到了床底下 在哪里他们度过了暑假余下的每一天
And I felt kind of guilty about this. 我对这样做感到很愧疚
guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的;
I felt as if the books needed me somehow , and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them. 不知为什么我感觉这些书是需要我的 它们在呼唤我,但是我却放弃了它们
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; forsaking:v.抛弃,遗弃,离开;(forsake的现在分词)
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer. 我确实放下了它们,并且我再也没有打开那个箱子 直到我和我的家人一起回到家中 在夏末的时候
forsake:vt.放弃;断念;
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp. 现在,我向你们讲述这个夏令营的故事
I could have told you 50 others just like it -- all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being was not necessarily the right way to go, that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert . 我完全可以给你们讲出50种版本就像这个一样 每当我感觉到这样一种信息的时候 它告诉我出于某种原因,我的宁静和内向的风格 并不是正确道路上的必须品 我应该更多的尝试一个外向者的角色
introverted:adj.内向的;v.使...内向(introvert的过去分词形式);使内翻; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; extrovert:n.外向;外倾者;性格外向者(等于extravert);
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were. 而在我内心深处感觉的到,这是错误的 内向的人们都是非常优秀的,确实是这样
introverts:内向型人格;
But for years I denied this intuition , and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things, instead of the writer that I had always longed to be -- partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too. 但是许多年来我都否认了这种直觉 于是我首先成为了华尔街的一名律师 而不是我长久以来想要成为的一名作家 一部分原因是因为我想要证明自己 也可以变的勇敢而坚定
denied:v.否认;拒绝;否定;不承认;(deny的过去分词和过去式) intuition:n.直觉;直觉力;直觉的知识; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地); bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的; assertive:adj.肯定的;独断的;坚定而自信的;
And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends. 并且我总是去那些拥挤的酒吧 当我只是想要和朋友们吃一顿愉快的晚餐时
preferred:v.较喜欢;喜欢…多于…;(prefer的过去式和过去分词)
And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively , that I wasn't even aware that I was making them. 我做出了这些自我否认的抉择 如条件反射一般 甚至我都不清楚我做出了这些决定
reflexively:反身地;
Now this is what many introverts do, and it's our loss for sure, but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss. 这就是很多内向的人正在做的事情 这当然是我们的损失 但这同样也是同事们的损失 我们所在团队集体的损失
And at the risk of sounding grandiose , it is the world's loss. 当然,冒着被指为夸大其词的风险我想说,更是世界的损失
at the risk of:冒着…的危险; grandiose:adj.宏伟的;堂皇的;浮夸的;宏大的;
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership, we need introverts doing what they do best. 因为当设计创造和领导的时候 我们需要内向的人做到最好
A third to a half of the population are introverts -- a third to a half. 三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的 三分之一到二分之一
So that's one out of every two or three people you know. 你要知道这可意味着每两到三个人中就有一个内向的
So even if you're an extrovert yourself, 所以即使你自己是一个外向的人
I'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your children and the person sitting next to you right now -- all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society. 我正在说你的同事 和你的配偶和你的孩子 还有现在正坐在你旁边的那个家伙 他们都要屈从于这样的偏见 一种在我们的社会中已经扎根的偏见
coworkers:n.同事;合作人;(coworker的复数形式) spouses:配偶; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing. 我们从很小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处 甚至都不说几句话,关于我们正在做的事情
internalize:vt.使(习俗等经吸收同化而)内在化;使藏在心底;
Now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is. 现在让我们来清除的看待这种偏见 你们需要真正了解“内向”到底指什么
introversion:n.内省性,内向性;
It's different from being shy. 它和害羞是不同的
Shyness is about fear of social judgment . 害羞是对于社会评论的恐惧
judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力;
Introversion is more about, how do you respond to stimulation , including social stimulation. 内向更多的是 你怎样对于刺激作出回应 包括来自社会的刺激
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; stimulation:n.刺激;激励,鼓舞;
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation, whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched-on and their most capable when they're in quieter, more low-key environments. 其实内向的人是很渴求大量的鼓舞和激励的 反之内向者最感觉到他们的存在 这是他们精力最充足的时候,最具有能力的时候 当他们存在于更安静的,更低调的环境中
extroverts:外向型人格; crave:v.渴望;恳求; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; switched-on:开着(开关)的; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; low-key:adj.低调的,软调的;抑制的;
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute -- but a lot of the time. 并不是所有时候--这些事情都不是绝对的 但是存在于很多时候
So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us. 所以说,关键在于 把我们的天赋发挥到最大化 这对于我们来说就足够把自己 放到对于我们正确又合适的激励的区域中去
maximizing:n.最大化;达到极大值;v.使…最大化;取…最大值(maximize的ing形式);
But now here's where the bias comes in. 但是现在偏见出现了
Our most important institutions , our schools and our workplaces , they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation. 我们最重要的那个习俗 我们的学校和工作单位 他们都是为性格外向者设计的 并且有适合他们需要的刺激和鼓励
institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) workplaces:n.[管理]工作场所(workplace的复数);
And also we have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink , which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place. 当然我们现在也有这样一种信用机制 我称它为“团队思考” 这是一种包涵所有创造力和生产力的思考方式 从一个社交非常零散的地方产生的
groupthink:n.(研究小组,董事会等对某个问题的)集体处理;集体审议; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; oddly:adv.古怪地;奇妙地;单数地; gregarious:adj.社交的;群居的;
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays: 当你描绘今天典型教室的图案时
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
When I was going to school, we sat in rows. 当我还上学的时候 我们一排排的坐着
We sat in rows of desks like this, and we did most of our work pretty autonomously . 我们靠着桌子一排排坐着就像这样 并且我们大多出工作都是自觉完成的
autonomously:adv.自治地;独立自主地;
But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks -- four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other. 但是在现代社会,你们所谓典型的教室 拥有有容纳物品空间的桌子 四个或是五个或是六个七个孩子坐在一起,面对面
pods:abbr.资料库系统规则(PrinciplesofDatabaseSystems);
And kids are working in countless group assignments . 孩子们要完成无数个小组任务
countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; assignments:n.作业;分配;(assignment的复数形式)
Even in subjects like math and creative writing, which you think would depend on solo flights of thought, kids are now expected to act as committee members. 甚至像数学和创意协作这些课程 这些你们认为需要依靠个人闪光想法的课程 孩子们现在被期待成为委员会的成员
creative:adj.创造性的; solo:n.独奏; adj.独奏的; v.单人攀登; v.单独地; committee:n.委员会;
And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone, those kids are seen as outliers often or, worse, as problem cases. 对于那些喜欢它的孩子来说 只是去散步,或者自己一个人工作 这些孩子常常被视为局外人 或者更糟,被视为工作狂
outliers:n.[分化]异常值;离群值;离开本体的东西;局外人(outlier的复数);
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert, even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable , according to research. 并且很大一部分老师的报告中都相信 最理想的学生应该是外向的 相对于内向的学生而言 甚至说外向的学生能够取得更好的成绩 更加博学多识 在做研究的时候
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) knowledgeable:adj.知识渊博的,有知识的;有见识的;聪明的; according to:根据,据说;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces. 好了。同样的事情也发生在我们工作的地方
Now, most of us work in open plan offices, without walls, where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers. 现在呢,我们中的绝大多数都工作在宽阔办公室里 甚至没有墙 在这里,我们主观上 对于持久不变的噪音和我们同事的凝视目光都是有偏见的
gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视;
And when it comes to leadership, introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions, even though introverts tend to be very careful, much less likely to take outsize risks -- which is something we might all favor nowadays. 而当谈及领袖气质的时候 内向的人总是按照惯例从领导的位置被忽视了 尽管内向的人是非常小心仔细的 很少去冒大的风险 这些风险是今天我们可能都喜欢的
routinely:adv.例行公事地;老一套地; outsize:adj.特大的;n.特大号;
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do, because when they are managing proactive employees, 宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的亚当·格兰特教授做了一项很有意思的研究 这项研究表明内向的领导们 相对于外向领导而言总是会生产更大的效益 因为当他们管理主动的雇员的时候
Grant:v.授予;允许;承认;同意;n.拨款;[法]授予物; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) proactive:adj.前摄的(前一活动中的因素对后一活动造成影响的);
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas, whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly , get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things, and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface. 他们更倾向于让有主见的雇员去自由发挥 反之外向的领导就可以,当然是不经意的 对于事情变得十分激动 他们在事务上盖上了自己想法的戳子 这是其他人的想法可能就不会很容易地 在舞台上发光了
unwittingly:adv.不知不觉地;不知情地;不经意地; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts. 事实上,历史上一些有改革能力的领袖都是内向的人
transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的;
I'll give you some examples. 我会举一些例子给你们
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi -- all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy. 埃莉诺·罗斯福,罗沙·帕克斯,甘地 -- 所有这些人都把自己描述成 内向,说话温柔甚至是害羞的人
Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖); described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) soft-spoken:adj.说话温和的;善于言辞的;
And they all took the spotlight , even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to. 他们仍然站在了聚光灯下 即使他们身体中的每块骨头 都在和他们说不要
spotlight:n.聚光灯;反光灯;公众注意的中心;v.聚光照明;使公众注意;
And this turns out to have a special power all its own, because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm , not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at; they were there because they had no choice, because they were driven to do what they thought was right. 这证明是一种属于它自身的特殊的力量 因为人们都会感觉这些领导者同时是掌舵者 并不是因为他们喜欢指挥别人 抑或是享受众人目光的聚焦 他们处在那个位置因为他们没有选择 因为他们行驶在他们认为正确的道路上
helm:n.舵;舵柄;领导地位;驾驶盘;vt.指挥;给...掌舵;
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts. 现在我觉得对于这点我有必要说 那就是我真的喜爱外向的人
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts, including my beloved husband. 我总是喜欢说我最好的几个朋友都是外向的人 包括我亲爱的丈夫
beloved:adj.心爱的;挚爱的;n.心爱的人;亲爱的教友;
And we all fall at different points, of course, along the introvert/extrovert spectrum . 当然了我们都会在不同问题上失误 在内向者/外向者问题的范围内
spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert. 甚至是卡特·张,这个让这些名词为大众所熟知的心理学家,说道 世上再无像事物一个纯粹性格内向者 或者像一个纯粹的外向的人
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; popularized:vt.普及;使通俗化;vi.通俗化;
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum , if he existed at all. 他说这样的人会在精神病院里 如果他存在的话
lunatic asylum:n.精神病院;疯人院;
And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum, and we call these people ambiverts. 还有一些人有处在中间的迹象 在内向与外向之间 我们称这些人为“中向性格者”
smack:v.用巴掌打; n.打巴掌; v.恰好;
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds. 并且我总是认为他们拥有世界最美好的一切
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other. 但是我们中的大多数总是认为自己属于内向或者外向,其中一类
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance. 同时我想说从文化意义上讲我们需要一种更好的平衡
culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面;
We need more of a yin and yang between these two types. 我们需要更多的阴阳的平衡 在这两种类型的人之间
This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity, because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people, what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas, but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them. 这点是极为重要的 当涉及创造力和生产力的时候 因为当心理学家们看待 最有创造力的人的生命的时候 他们寻找到的 是那些擅长变换思维的人 提出想法的人 但是他们同时也有着极为显著严肃的内向的痕迹
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; psychologists:n.[心理]心理学家(psychologist的复数形式); streak:n.条纹,线条;倾向;v.飞跑,疾驶;加上条纹;
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity. 这是因为独处是非常关键的因素 对于创造力来说
solitude:n.孤独;隐居;荒僻的地方; crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的;
So Darwin, he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations . 所以达尔文 自己一个人漫步在小树林里 并且断然拒绝了晚餐派对的邀约
emphatically:adv.着重地;强调地;断然地; dinner party:晚宴; invitations:n.邀请;获得邀请;请帖;(invitation的复数)
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla, California. 西奥多·盖索,更多时候以苏索博士的名号知名 他梦想过很多的惊人的创作 在他的一座孤独的束层的塔形办公室中 在他在加利福尼亚州拉由拉市房子的后花园里
creations:n.创作;创造物(creation的复数形式);
And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona . 而且其实他很害怕见面 见那些读过他的书的年轻的孩子们 害怕他们会期待他 这样一位令人愉快的,圣诞老人形象的人物 同时又会因发现他含蓄缄默的性格而失望
jolly:adj.愉快的;高兴的;adv.很;非常;v.甘愿或渴望做某事;怂恿;n.旅游;游玩 disappointed with:失望于; reserved:adj.内向的; v.预订,预约; (reserve的过去分词和过去式) persona:n.人物角色;伪装的外表;
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time. 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克发明了第一台苹果电脑 一个人坐在他的机柜中 在他当时工作的惠普公司
cubical:adj.立方(体)的;[数]三次方的;体积的;
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up. 并且他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家 但他还没有内想到要离开那里 那个他成长起来的地方
in the first place:首先;起初;
Now of course, this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating -- and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Computer -- but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe. 当然了 这并不意味着我们都应该停止合作 恰当的例子呢,是史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫·乔布斯的著名联手 创建苹果电脑公司 但是这并不意味着和独处有重大关系 并且对于一些人来说 这是他们赖以呼吸生存的空气
collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) famously:adv.著名地;极好地;
And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude. 事实上,几个世纪以来我们已经非常明白 独处的卓越力量
transcendent:adj.卓越的;超常的;出类拔萃的;n.卓越的人;超绝物;
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it. 只是到了最近,非常奇怪,我们开始遗忘它了
recently:adv.最近;新近; strangely:adv.奇怪地;奇妙地;不可思议地;
If you look at most of the world's major religions, you will find seekers -- 如果你看看世界上主要的宗教 你会发现探寻者
seekers:n.探求者;搜查人;
Moses , Jesus , Buddha , Muhammad -- seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community . 摩西,耶稣,佛祖,穆罕默德 -- 那些独身去探寻的人们 在大自然的旷野中独处,思索 在那里,他们有了深刻的顿悟和对于奥义的揭示 之后他们把这些思想带回到社会的其余部分去
Moses:n.摩西(《圣经》故事中犹太人古代领袖);立法者;领导者; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督: Buddha:n.佛陀;佛像; wilderness:n.荒野;(草木丛生的)荒地;荒芜的地方;杂草丛生处; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; epiphanies:n.主显节(每年一月六日纪念耶稣显灵的节日);显现(特指神的显现); revelations:n.被暴露的真相;披露;揭露;(revelation的复数) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
So no wilderness, no revelations. 没有旷原,没有启示
This is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology . 尽管这并不令人惊讶 如果你注意到现代心理学的思想理论
insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数); contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的; psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions. 它反映出来我们甚至不能和一组的人待在一起 而不去本能的模仿他们的意见与想法
instinctively:adv.本能地; mimicking:v.模仿人的言行举止;做滑稽模仿;像,似;(mimic的现在分词)
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to, you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing. 甚至是看上去私人的,发自内心的事情 像是你被谁所吸引 你会开始模仿你周围的人的信仰 甚至都觉察不到你自己在做什么
seemingly:adv.看来似乎;表面上看来; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; visceral:adj.内脏的;出于本能的;发自肺腑的;粗俗的; aping:模仿(ape的现在分词);
And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room, even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas -- 还曾跟随群体的意见 跟着房间里最能统治力的,最有领袖气质的人的思路 虽然这真的没什么关系 是成为一个卓越的演讲家还是拥有最好的主意
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性; charismatic:adj.超凡魅力的;神赐能力的; correlation:n.[数]相关,关联;相互关系; talker:n.说话…的人;爱说话的人;
I mean zero. 我的意思是“零相关”
So ... 那么...
(Laughter) （笑声）
You might be following the person with the best ideas, but you might not. 你们或许会跟随有最好头脑的人 但是你们也许不会
And do you really want to leave it up to chance? 可你们真的想把这机会扔掉吗？
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves, generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics , and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well-managed environment and take it from there. 如果每个人都自己行动或许好得多 发掘他们自己的想法 摆脱扭曲的群体活跃气氛 接着来到一起组成一个团队 在一个良好管理的环境中互相交流 并且在那里学习别的思想
generate:v.产生;引起; distortions:n.[物]畸变,[力]扭曲(distortion的复数); dynamics:n.动力学,力学; well-managed:adj.管理得好的,被妥善安排的;
Now if all this is true, then why are we getting it so wrong? 如果说现在这一切都是真的 那么为什么我们还得到这样错误的结论？
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces? 为什么我们要这样创立我们的学校,还有我们的工作单位？
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time? 为什么我们要让这些内向的人觉得那么愧疚 对于他们只是想要离开,一个人独处一段时间的事实？
One answer lies deep in our cultural history. 有一个答案在我们的文化史中埋藏已久
Western societies, and in particular the U.S., have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and "man" of contemplation. 西方社会 特别是在美国 总是偏爱有行动的人 而不是有深刻思考的人 有深刻思考的“人”
in particular:尤其,特别; contemplation:n.沉思;注视;意图;
But in America's early days , we lived in what historians call a culture of character, where we still, at that point, valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude . 但是在美国早期的时候 我们生活在一个被历史学家称作“性格特征”的时代 那时我们仍然,在这点上,判断人们的价值 从人们的内涵和道义正直
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; rectitude:n.公正;诚实;清廉;
And if you look at the self-help books from this era, they all had titles with things like "Character, the Grandest Thing in the World." 而且如果你看一看这个时代关于自立的书籍的话 它们都有这样一种标题: “性格”,世界上最伟大的事物
self-help:n.自助;自救;自立;adj.自助的;
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming . 并且他们以亚伯拉罕·林肯这样的为标榜 一个被形容为谦虚低调的男人
modest:adj.些许的;谦虚的; unassuming:adj.谦逊的;不装腔作势的;不出风头的;
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "A man who does not offend by superiority ." 拉尔夫·瓦尔多·埃莫森称他是 “一个不会冒犯‘优越’二字的人”
Ralph:v.呕吐; offend:v.得罪;犯罪;违背(人情); superiority:n.优越,优势;优越性;
But then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality . 但是接着我们来到了二十世纪 并且我们融入了一种新的文化 一种被历史学家称作“性格”的文化
personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色;
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business . 所发生的改变就是我们发展了农业经济 对于一个拥有大生意做的世界而言
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; big business:n.(统称)大企业;大生意;
And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities. 而且人们突然开始搬迁 从小的城镇搬向城市
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives, now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers. 并且一改他们之前的生活中一直知晓实行的一起工作的方式 现在他们有必要证明自己 在一群陌生人中间
So, quite understandably , qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important. 这样做是很可以理解的 像领袖气质和个人魅力这样的品质 突然间似乎变得极为重要
understandably:adv.可理解地; magnetism:n.磁性,磁力;磁学;吸引力;
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "How to Win Friends and Influence People." 那么可以肯定的是,自助自立的书的内容变更了以适应这些新的需求 并且他们开始拥有名称 像是“怎样赢得朋友并影响他人”
Influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
And they feature as their role models really great salesmen. 他们的特点是做自己的榜样 不得不说确实是好的推销员
So that's the world we're living in today. 所以这就是我们今天生活的世界
That's our cultural inheritance . 这是我们的文化遗产
inheritance:n.继承;遗传;遗产;
Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant , and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all. 现在没有谁能够说 社交技能是不重要的 并且我还想呼吁 呼吁大家废除团队合作模式
unimportant:adj.不重要的;琐碎的; abolishing:vt.废除,废止;取消,革除;
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust. 仍是相同的宗教,却把他们的圣人送到了孤独的山顶上 仍然教导我们爱与信任
sages:abbr.半自动地面防空系统(semi-automaticgroundenvironmentsystem);
And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together. 还有我们今天所要面对的问题 像是在科学和经济领域 是如此的巨大和复杂 以至于我们需要人们强有力的团结起来 共同解决这些问题
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves, the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems. 但是我想说,越给内向者自由让他们做自己 他们就越做好 去想出他们独特的关于问题的解决办法
come up with:提出;想出;赶上; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today. 所以现在我很高兴同你们分享 我手提箱中的东西
Guess what? 猜猜是什么？
Books. 书
I have a suitcase full of books. 我有一个手提箱里面装满了书
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye." 这是玛格丽特·阿特伍德的“猫的眼睛”
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera. 这是一本米兰·昆德拉的书
novel:adj.新奇的;异常的;n.小说;
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed " 这是一本“困惑着的指南”
Perplexed:adj.困惑的;不知所措的;
by Maimonides. 是迈蒙尼德写的
But these are not exactly my books. 但这些实际上都不是我的书
I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors. 我还是带着他们,陪伴着我 因为他们都是我祖父最喜爱的作家所写
My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up, 我的祖父是一名犹太教祭司 他独身一人 在布鲁克林的一间小公寓中居住 那里是我从小到大在这个世界上最喜爱的地方
rabbi:n.拉比(犹太人的学者);法师;犹太教律法专家;先生; widower:n.鳏夫;
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books. 部分原因是那里充满了他温柔的,又庄严地存在 部分原因是那里充满了书
courtly:adj.尊严而有礼貌的;奉承的;有宫廷气派的,威严的; presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books. 我的意思是,毫不夸张的说,公寓中的每张桌子,每张椅子 都充分应用着它原有的功能 就是现在作为承载一大堆都在摇曳的书的表面
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: yielded:v.出产(作物);提供;屈服;让步;放弃;(yield的过去分词和过去式) original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; swaying:v.使摇动;支配;偏向一边(sway的ing形式); stacks:n.堆叠;[图情]书库(stack的复数);进程堆栈应用;
Just like the rest of my family, my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read. 就像我余下的家庭成员一样 我祖父在这个世界上最喜欢做的事情就是阅读
But he also loved his congregation , and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi. 但是他同样也热爱他的宗教 并且你们可以从他的讲述中感觉到他这种爱 这62年来每周他都作为一名犹太教的祭司
congregation:n.集会;集合;圣会; sermons:n.布道;讲道;冗长的说教;(sermon的复数)
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought. 他会从每周的阅读中汲取养分 并且他会编织这些错综复杂的古代和人文主义的思想的挂毯
weave:v.编,织;(用…)编成;编造(故事等);n.织法;编法;编织式样; intricate:adj.复杂的;错综的,缠结的; tapestries:n.挂毯(tapestry的复数);v.饰以织锦画(tapestry的第三人称单数形式); humanist:n.人道主义者;人类学者,人文学者;人文主义者;adj.人文主义的;人道主义的;
And people would come from all over to hear him speak. 并且人们会从各个地方前来 听他的说话
But here's the thing about my grandfather. 但是有这么一件关于我祖父的事情
Underneath this ceremonial role, he was really modest and really introverted -- so much so that when he delivered these sermons, he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years. 在这个正式的角色下隐藏着 他是一个非常谦虚的非常内向的人 是那么的谦虚内向以至于当他在向人们讲述的时候 他都不敢有视线上的接触 和同样的他的这个集体的人们 他已经发言了62年了
Underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的; ceremonial:adj.仪式的;正式的,礼仪的;n.仪式,礼节; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
And even away from the podium , when you called him to say hello, he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time. 甚至都还远离领奖台 当你们让他说“你好”的时候 他总会提早结束这对话 担心他会占用你太多的时间
podium:n.乐队指挥台;矮墙;墩座墙; prematurely:adv.过早地;早熟地;
But when he died at the age of 94, the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him. 但是当他94岁去世的时候 警察们需要封锁他所居住的街道邻里 来容纳拥挤的人们 前来哀悼他的人们
close down:关闭;停止播音; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的; accommodate:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解;vi.适应;调解; mourn:v.哀悼;忧伤;服丧;
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way. 这些天来我都试着从我祖父的事例中学习 以我自己的方式
So I just published a book about introversion, and it took me about seven years to write. 所以我就出版了一本关于内向性格的书 它花了我7年的时间完成它
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss , because I was reading, I was writing, 而对我来说,这七年像是一种极大的喜悦 因为我在阅读,我在写作
bliss:n.幸福;极乐;
I was thinking, I was researching. 我在思考,我在探寻
It was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library. 这是我的版本 对于爷爷一天中几个小时都要待在图书馆这件事
But now all of a sudden my job is very different, and my job is to be out here talking about it, talking about introversion. 但是现在突然间我的工作变得很不同了 我的工作变成了站在这里讲述它 讲述内向的性格
all of a sudden:突然地,出乎意料地;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And that's a lot harder for me, because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now, this is not my natural milieu . 而且这对于我来说是有一点困难的 因为我有足够荣幸 在现在被你们所有人所倾听 这可不是我的自然的文化背景
milieu:n.环境;周围;出身背景;
So I prepared for moments like these as best I could. 所以我准备了一会就像这样 以我所能做到的最好的方式
I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get. 我花了最近一年的时间练习在公共场合发言 在我能得到的每一个机会中
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously ." 我把这一年称作我的“危险地发言的一年”
dangerously:adv.危险地;不安全;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And that actually helped a lot. 而且它的确帮了我很大的忙
But I'll tell you, what helps even more is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude, we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change. 但是我要告诉你们一个帮我更大的忙的事情 那就是我的感觉,我的信仰,我的希望 当谈及我们态度的时候 对于内向性格的,对于安静,对于独处的态度时 我们确实是在变化的边缘上保持微妙的平衡
attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数); poised:adj.摆好姿势准备行动的; v.保持(某种姿势); brink:n.(峭壁的)边缘; dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的;
I mean, we are. 我的意思是,我们
And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision. 现在我将要给你们留下你一些东西 三件对于你们的行动有帮助的事情 献给那些观看我的演讲的人
I am going to:我将要做什么事情
Number one: 第一:
Stop the madness for constant group work . 停止对于团队协作的持久性的执迷与疯狂
group work:n.团体工作;小组工作;(课堂的)小组讨论;
Just stop it. 停止它就好了
(Laughter) （笑声）
Thank you. 谢谢你们
(Applause) （掌声）
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying, because I deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions -- you know, the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas. 我想让我所说的事情变得清晰一些 因为我对于我们的政府机关深信不疑 应该鼓励他们 那种休闲随意的,聊天似的咖啡厅式的相互作用 你们知道的。道不同不相为谋,一样的人走一样的路 并且互相交换着宝贵的意见
chatty:adj.饶舌的;爱讲闲话的;非正式的; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换;
That is great. 这是很棒的
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts. 这对于内向者很好,同样对于外向者也好
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work. 但是我们需要更多的隐私和更多的自由 还有更多对于我们本身工作的控制权
privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处; autonomy:n.自治,自治权;
School, same thing. 对于学校,也是同样的。
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure, but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own. 我们当然需要教会孩子们要一起学习工作 但是我们同样需要教会孩子们怎么样独立完成任务
This is especially important for extroverted children too. 这对于外向的孩子们来说同样是极为重要的
extroverted:adj.性格外向的;外向性的;喜社交的;
They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part. 他们需要独立完成工作 因为走某种程度上,这是他们深刻思考的来源
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness. 好了,第二个:去到荒地（打开思维）
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations. 就像佛祖一样,有你们自己对于事物的揭示启迪
I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again, but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often. 我并不是说 我们都要跑去在小树林里建造我们自己的小屋 并且之后就永远不和别人说话了 但是我要说我们都可以站立着（意义上）去去除一些障碍物 然后深入我们自己的大脑思想 时不时的再深入一点
cabins:n.隔间;(飞机的)座舱;小屋;(cabin的复数) all stand:全部起立; unplug:vt.去掉…的障碍物;拔去…的塞子或插头;
Number three: 第三点:
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there. 好好看一眼你的旅行箱内有什么东西 还有你为什么把它放进去
So extroverts, maybe your suitcases are also full of books. 所以外向者们 也许你们的箱子内同样堆满了书
suitcases:n.(旅行用的)手提箱;(suitcase的复数)
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment. 或者它们装满了香槟的玻璃酒杯 或者是跳伞运动的设备
champagne:n.香槟酒;香槟酒色; skydiving:n.延缓张伞跳伞运动;特技跳伞运动
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy. 不管他是什么,我希望你们每当你们有机会你就把它拿出来 用你的能量和你的快乐让我们感受到美和享受
grace:n.优雅;恩惠;魅力;慈悲;v.使优美;
But introverts, you being you, you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase. 但是内向者们,你们作为内向者 你们很可能有仔细保护一切的冲动 在你箱子里德东西
impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动;
And that's okay. 这没有问题
But occasionally , just occasionally , 但是偶尔地,只是说偶尔地
occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然;
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see, because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry. 我希望你们可以打开你们的手提箱,让别人看一看 因为这个世界需要你们,同样需要你们身上所携带的你们特有的事物
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly . 所以对于你们即将走上的所有旅程,我都给予你们我最美好的祝愿 还有静静地说话的勇气
softly:adv.温柔地;柔和地;柔软地;静静地;
Thank you very much. 非常感谢你们
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. Thank you. 谢谢。谢谢
(Applause) （掌声）