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SuKahumbu_2017G-_透过简讯改善儿童饥饿问题_
I want to introduce you to my badass friends. 我想跟各位介绍我狠角色朋友。
badass:n.坏蛋;adj.到处惹是生非的;
Meet Thelma and Louise. 见见塞尔玛跟路易丝。 （注:《末路狂花》的主角）
(Laughter) （笑声）
I'm passionate about cows. 我对牛充满热情。
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
And although they've been getting a lot of crap lately due to methane emissions and climate change, 虽然牠们近期遇到许多鸟事, 因为甲烷排放以及气候变迁,
crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎; methane:n.[有化]甲烷;[能源]沼气; emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
I hope that I can redeem their reputation in part by showing you how incredibly important they are in solving one of the world's biggest problems: food security. 我希望我能挽救牠们部分的名声, 让各位了解牠们是多么重要, 能协助解决世界上最大的 问题之一:食物保障。
redeem:vt.赎回;挽回;兑换;履行;补偿;恢复; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
But more importantly, for Africa -- it's resultant childhood stunting . 但,更重要的,对非洲而言, 缺乏食物造成儿时发育迟缓。
resultant:n.合力;结果;[化学]生成物;adj.结果的;合成的; childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期 stunting:n.萎缩;发育障碍短小症;v.阻碍…的正常发育(stunt的ing形式);
Nutritional stunting manifests itself in a reduction of growth rate in human development. 营养造成的发展迟缓呈现的方式 是人类发展的成长率下降。
Nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的; manifests:vt.证明,表明; vi.显示,出现; n.载货单,货单; adj.显然的,明显的; reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图;
And according to UNICEF, stunting doesn't come easy. 根据联合国儿童基金会, 发育迟缓不容易发生。
according to:根据,据说;
It doesn't come quickly. 发育迟缓不会很快发生。
It happens over a long period of time during which a child endures painful and debilitating cycles of illness, depressed appetite , insufficient nutrition and inadequate care. 它横跨很长的一段时间, 在这期间孩子要忍受 痛苦和虚弱的疾病循环、 胃口不好、 营养不良, 以及不当的照护。
endures:v.忍耐;忍受;持续;持久;(endure的第三人称单数) painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的; debilitating:adj.使衰弱的;v.使虚弱(debilitate的ing形式); depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词) appetite:n.食欲;嗜好; insufficient:adj.不足的,不充足的;n.不足; inadequate:adj.不充分的,不适当的;
And most kids simply can't endure such rigors . 大部分的孩子实在 无法忍受这样的艰苦。
rigors:n.严格;寒颤;酷烈(rigor的复数);
But those that do survive, they carry forward long-term cognitive problems as well as losses of stature . 但,存活下来的孩子, 他们会带着长期的认知问题, 伴随着身体发育不良。
carry forward:发扬;推进; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; stature:n.身高,身材;(精神,道德等的)高度;
The numbers of stunted children under the age of five, in most regions of the world, has been declining . 五岁以下发展迟缓的孩子数目, 在世界大部分的区域, 都在下降中。
stunted:adj.发育不良的; v.阻碍…发展(stunt的过去式及过去分词形式); under the age of:在年龄之下;16岁以下; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) declining:v.减少;下降;衰弱;谢绝;婉言拒绝;(decline的现在分词)
And I really hate to say this, but the only place where they haven't been declining is here, in Africa. 我很不想这么说, 但,唯一人数没有 下降的地方,就是这里, 非洲。
Here, 59 million children, three in 10 in that age group , struggle to meet their genetic potential -- their full genetic potential. 在这里,5900 万孩童, 在那个年龄层中,十个就有三个, 要非常努力才能达到 他们基因上的潜能, 他们完整的潜能。
age group:n.年龄组;年龄段; genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
Protein is one of our most important dietary requirements, and evidence shows that lack of essential amino acids, the building blocks of proteins , in young children's diets, can result in stunting. 蛋白质是我们最重要的 饮食需求之一, 有证据显示,若孩童的饮食 缺乏必要的氨基酸, 即蛋白质的基础成份, 就可能造成发展迟缓。
dietary:n.规定的食物;饮食的规定;食谱;adj.饮食的,饭食的,规定食物的; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; amino:adj.氨基的;n.[化学]氨基; building blocks:(儿童玩的)积木;建筑砌块;堆积木;建筑砖块;基石; proteins:n.[生化]蛋白质(protein复数);
Essential amino acids are called essential because we can't synthesize them in our bodies. 必要的氨基酸之所以必要, 是因为我们自体无法合成它们。
synthesize:vt.合成;综合;vi.合成;综合;
We have to get them from our foods and the best sources are animal-derived: milk, meat and eggs. 我们得要从食物中摄取, 而最好的来源是动物源食品: 牛奶、肉、蛋。
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数)
Most protein consumed on the African continent is crop-based. 在非洲大陆,大部分被吃下的 蛋白质都是以作物为基础的。
consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式) continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
And although we have millions of smallholder farmers rearing animals, livestock production is not as easy as we think. 虽然我们有数百万名 小佃农在飼养动物, 家畜生产没有我们想的那么容易。
smallholder:n.小农;小佃农; rearing:n.抚养;养育;培养;饲养;v.抚养;培养;饲养;用后腿直立;(rear的现在分词) livestock:n.家畜;牲畜;
The big livestock gaps between rich countries and poor countries are due to poor animal health. 富国和穷国之间有很大的家畜落差, 原因是动物的健康很差。
gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式);
Endemic livestock diseases , some of them transmissible to humans, threaten not only livestock producers in those poor countries, but all human health across all countries. 地方性的家畜疾病, 有些可以传染给人类, 这些疾病威胁的不只是 穷国的家畜生产者, 还包括所有国家所有人类的健康。
Endemic:adj.地方性的;风土的;n.地方病; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; transmissible:adj.能传送的;能透射的;可传达的;
This is a global pathogens network. 这是全球的病原体网路。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; pathogens:n.[基医]病原体;病原菌;[基医]致病菌;
It shows the pathogens found across the world according to the Enhanced Infectious Diseases database. 它显示在全世界发现的病原体, 资料来自强化传染病资料庫。
Enhanced:adj.加强的;增大的;v.提高;加强(enhance的过去分词); Infectious:adj.传染的;传染性的;易传染的;
And it shows those pathogens that share hosts . 它能显示出有共同宿主的病原体。
hosts:n.主人; v.主办,主持(活动); (host的第三人称单数和复数)
In a nutshell , we share pathogens, and thus diseases, with the species we live closest to: our livestock. 在一个小封闭空间中, 我们共享病原体 进而共享疾病的对象, 就是和我们居住地相近的物种: 我们的家畜。
In a nutshell:极简单地;简言之;简而言之;总而言之; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
And we call these zoonotic diseases. 我们称之为人畜共通病。
zoonotic:adj.动物传染病的;
Recent reports show that the deadly dozen zoonotic diseases kill 2.2 million people and sicken 2.4 billion people annually . 近期的报告指出, 十多种致命的人畜共通病, 每年会夺走 220 万条人命, 并让 24 亿人生病。
deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地; sicken:vt.使患病;使恶心;使嫌恶;vi.生病;变厌腻; annually:adv.每年;一年一次;
And Jimmy says, "The greatest burden of zoonoses falls on one billion poor livestock keepers." 吉米说: 「人畜共通病最沉重的担子, 落在十亿贫穷的家畜飼养者肩上。」
burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; zoonoses:n.人畜共患病(zoonosis的复数);
We totally underestimate the importance of our smallholder farmers. 我们完全低估了小佃农的重要性。
underestimate:v.低估;看轻;n.低估;
We're beginning to recognize how important they are and how they influence our medical health, our biosafety and more recently , our cognitive and our physical health. 我们开始认可他们的重要性, 以及他们如何影响我们的医疗健康、 我们的生物安全性, 以及更近期的, 我们的认知与身体健康。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; biosafety:n.生物研究安全性; recently:adv.最近;新近; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
They stand at the frontline of zoonotic epidemics . 他们站在人畜共通病 流行传播的前线。
frontline:n.前线;锋线(包括大前锋,小前锋,中锋); epidemics:n.流行病;蔓延(epidemic的复数);时疫;
They pretty much underpin our existence. 他们可说是支撑着我们的生存。
underpin:vt.巩固;支持;从下面支撑;加强…的基础;
And they need to know so much, yet most lack knowledge on livestock disease prevention and treatment . 他们需要知道很多知识, 却又最缺乏那些知识, 关于家畜疾病预防和治疗的知识。
prevention:n.预防;阻止;妨碍; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;
So how do they learn? 所以,他们要如何学习？
Apart from shared experiences, trial and error, conventional farming extension services are boots on the ground and radio -- expensive and hard to scale in the face of population growth. 除了分享共同的经验 和反覆试验外, 传统农業的发展依靠人力和电台, 在人口增长的情况下 既昂贵又难以普及。
conventional:adj.符合习俗的,传统的;常见的;惯例的; extension:n.延长;延期;扩大;伸展;电话分机; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; in the face of:面对;
Sounds pretty gloomy , doesn't it? 听起来挺沮丧的,是吗？
gloomy:adj.黑暗的;沮丧的;阴郁的;
But we're at an interesting point in Africa. 但,现在的非洲 有个契机。
We're changing that narrative using innovative solutions, riding across scalable technologies . 我们可以用创新的解决方案 来改变现状, 横跨可扩充的技术。
narrative:n.叙述;故事;讲述;adj.叙事的,叙述的;叙事体的; innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; scalable:adj.可攀登的;可去鳞的;可称量的; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
Knowledge doesn't have to be expensive. 知识不见得要很昂贵。
My company developed an agricultural platform called iCow. 我的公司发展出了一个 农業平台 iCow（i 乳牛）。
agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处;
We teach farmers best livestock practices using SMS over simple, low-end phones. 通过传简讯,用简单 易操作的手机教授农民们 最好的牲畜养殖方法。
low-end:adj.低档的;廉价的;生产低档产品的;
Farmers receive three SMSs a week on best livestock practices, and those that execute the messages go on to see increases in productivity within as short a time as three months. 农场主每周会收到三则简讯, 内容就是最好的家畜实做方式, 照着讯息去做的人,会在三个月的 短时间内看到生产力增加。
execute:vt.实行;执行;处死; productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力;
The first increases in productivity, of course, are improved animal health. 当然,要增加生产力, 第一件事是改善动物健康。
improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式)
We use SMS because it is retentive . 我们用简讯是因为它可以保存。
retentive:adj.保持的;记性好的;
Farmers store their messages, they write them down in books, and in effect, we're drip-feeding agricultural manuals into the fields. 农场主会把讯息存起来, 他们会写在笔记上, 实际上, 我们是把农業手册的内容 注入到田野实做中。
manuals:n.手册,指南;说明书(manual的复数);
We recognize that we are all part of the global food network: producers and consumers , you and me, and every farmer. 我们了解到,我们都是 全球食物网路的一部分: 生产者与消费者, 你、我,和每一个农场主。
consumers:n.消费者;顾客;用户;(consumer的复数)
We're focusing now on trying to bring together producers and consumers to take action and take responsibility for not only food security, but for food safety. 现在,我们的重点在试图将 生产者与消费者结合起来, 以采取行动和负起责任, 不单单是为了食物保障, 也为了食物安全。
This beautiful animal is an African-Asian zebu crossed with a Dutch Fleckvieh. 这只美丽的动物是非亚的 沙希华牛与荷兰的西门特牛混种。
zebu:n.[脊椎]瘤牛; Dutch:adj.荷兰的; n.荷兰人; v.费用平摊地;
She's milkier than her zebu mom, and she's sturdier and more resistant to disease than her Fleckvieh father. 她比她的沙希华母亲更能产乳, 比她的西门特父亲 更强健更能抵抗疾病。
milkier:adj.(颜色或组织)像牛奶的; (milky的比较级); sturdier:强壮的;结实的;坚定的;不退让的(sturdy的比较级); resistant:adj.抵抗的,反抗的;顽固的;n.抵抗者;
In Ethiopia and Tanzania, the African Dairy Genetic Gains program is using SMS and cutting-edge genomics and pioneering Africa's first tropically adapted dairy breeding centers and dairy performance recording centers. 在衣索比亚和坦尚尼亚, 「非洲乳牛遗传增益」 （ADGG）计画 以及乳牛表现记录中心。
Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚; Dairy:n.奶制品; adj.乳品的; cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; genomics:n.基因组学;基因体学; tropically:adv.关于热带方面; adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) breeding:n.繁殖;饲养;教养;再生;v.生产;培育;使…繁殖;(breed的现在分词) performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
Farmers contribute their production data -- milking records, breeding records and feeding records -- to the ADGG platform. 农场主会贡献他们的生产资料── 挤奶记录、 繁殖记录,以及喂食记录── 提供给 ADGG 平台。
contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;
This stage is synthesized through algorithms from some of the top livestock institutions in the world before it lands back in the farmers' hands in actionable SMSs. 在这个阶段,会用世界顶尖 家畜机构提供的演算法把资料整合, 转为可以实行的简讯, 送回到农场主手上。
synthesized:adj.合成的;综合的;v.合成(synthesize的过去分词);综合; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) actionable:adj.可控告的;可提起诉讼的;
Customized data, customized responses all aimed at increasing pr oductivit y based on the potential on the ground. 客制化的资料, 客制化的回应, 目标都是要根据一般潜能 来增加生产力。
Customized:v.订制,订做,改制;(customize的过去分词和过去式)
We're at a very interesting place in agriculture in Africa. 我们正处在非洲农業 一个很有意思的地方。
By the end of this year, we'll have almost one billion mobile phone subscriptions . 今年年底, 我们将会有接近十亿笔的 行动电话订阅。
mobile phone:移动电话 subscriptions:n.订阅,订购;定期捐款;会员费;用户费;集体资助;(subscription的复数)
We have the power in our hands to ensure that livestock production systems are not only healthy, productive and profitable , but that farmers are knowledgeable , and more importantly, that our farmers are safe. 我们手中就握有力量, 能够确保家畜生产体制不仅健康、 有生产力、能获利, 而且农场主也有相关知识; 更重要的是, 我们的农场主是安全的。
ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的; profitable:adj.有利可图的;赚钱的;有益的; knowledgeable:adj.知识渊博的,有知识的;有见识的;聪明的;
Working with smallholder farmers is one of the best ways to guarantee food security. 和小佃农合作, 是确保食物安全的最佳方式之一。
guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保;
Working with smallholder farmers is one of the best ways to guarantee each and every child their full opportunity and ability to reach their full genetic potential. 和小佃农合作,也是个极佳的方式, 能保障每一个孩童 都有完整的机会与能力, 来发挥他们的遗传的潜力。
And harnessing the power of millions of smallholder farmers and their badass cows like mine, we should be able to bring a halt to stunting in Africa. 利用数百万名小佃农的力量 以及他们那些狠角色牛只, 就像我的一样, 我们应该能够终止非洲的发展迟缓。
harnessing:v.给(马等)装上挽具(harness的现在分词);治理,利用; halt:v.停止;立定;踌躇,犹豫;n.停止;立定;休息;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢。