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SrdjaPopovic_2011X-_如何推翻独裁统治_
Good afternoon. I am proud to be here at TEDxKrakow. 下午好。能来到TEDxKrakow（克拉科夫,波兰城市）我非常骄傲。
I'll try to speak a little bit today about a phenomenon which can and is actually changing the world, and whose name is people power. 今天我要说一说 一个有能力并且正在改变世界的现象, 这个现象就是人民的力量。
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
I'll start with the anecdote , or for those of you who are Monty Python lovers , a Monty Python type of sketch . 让我先来与你们分享一段轶事, 如果你们喜欢猛踢蒙提·派森（英国喜剧团体）的话,这就是一个蒙提·派森式的小品。
anecdote:n.轶事;奇闻;秘史; Monty:n.(澳新口)必定的事物(尤指赛马时必赢的马); Python:n.巨蟒;大蟒; lovers:n.情人(lover的复数形式); sketch:n.素描;草图;速写;概述;v.概述;简述;画素描;画速写;
Here it is. It is December 15, 2010. 故事是这样的。2010年12月15日。
Somebody gives you a bet . You will look at a crystal ball and you will see the future. The future will be accurate . 有人和你打赌。赌约是,你可以从水晶球里 准确地看到未来。
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; crystal ball:v.预测; accurate:adj.精确的;
But you need to share it with the world. Okay? 但是你必须把你所看到的公之于众。你愿意吗？
Curiosity killed the cat . You take the bet. 好奇心杀死猫。你接受挑战
Curiosity killed the cat:好奇害死猫;好奇心,惹祸根;好奇伤身;
You look at the crystal ball. One hour later, you are sitting in a building on the national TV in a talkshow, and you tell the story. 看了水晶球。一个小时之后 你在全国性的电视台的大楼里 做脱口秀节目,讲述你在水晶球里看到的事情。
'"Before the end of 2011, Ben Ali and Mubarak and Qaddafi will be down and prosecuted . “2011年结束之前,本·阿里、穆巴拉克 和卡扎菲都会垮台并被起诉。
prosecuted:v.起诉;控告;检举;(prosecute的过去式和过去分词)
Saleh of Yemen and Assad of Syria would be either challenged or already on their knees. 也门的萨利赫和叙利亚的阿萨德 会受到挑战甚至屈服于压力。
Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
Osama bin Laden will be dead, and Ratko Mladic will be in the Hague." 奥萨马·本·拉登会死去, 拉科˙穆拉迪契会在海牙国际法庭受审。”
Laden:adj.负载的; vt.装载(等于lade); vi.装载(等于lade); v.装载(lade的过去分词);
Now, the anchor watches you with a strange gaze on his face, and then on the top of it you add, "And thousands of the young people from Athens, Madrid and New York will demonstrate for social justice , claiming that they are inspired with Arabs." 现在,主持人用一种奇怪的眼神凝视着你, 然后你又补充道, “在雅典、马德里和纽约,成千上万的年轻人 会走上街头,声称自己受阿拉伯世界影响, 要为社会公正示威。”
gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视; Madrid:n.马德里(西班牙首都); demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; claiming:v.声称;要求给予;理应获得;(claim的现在分词) inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
Next thing you know, two guys in white appear. 接下来,两个身着白衣的人出现。
They give you the strange t-shirt, take you to the nearest mental institution . 给你一件古怪的T恤, 把你送到最近的精神病院。
mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗;
So I would like to speak a little bit about the phenomenon which is behind what already seems to be the very bad year for bad guys, and this phenomenon is called people power. 所以我想谈一谈这一年 恶霸不断倒台背后的现象 这个现象就是人民的力量。
Well, people power has been there for a while . 人民的力量并不是什么新生现象。
for a while:adv.片刻;暂时;一会儿;一时;
It helped Gandhi kick the Brits from India. 它帮助甘地把英国人赶出印度。
Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖); Brits:n.英国人(Brit的复数);布里茨(男子名);
It helped Martin Luther King win a historic racial struggle. 它帮助马丁·路德·金赢得了一场历史性的种族斗争。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的; racial:adj.种族的;人种的;
It helped local Lech Walesa to kick out one million Soviet troops from Poland and beginning the end of the Soviet Union as we know it. 它帮助波兰的莱赫·瓦文萨 将一百万苏联军队赶出波兰 启动了苏联的解体。
Lech:n.肉欲;好色的人;vi.好色;纵欲;adj.好色的; Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人; Poland:n.波兰(欧洲国家);
So what's new in it? What seems to be very new, which is the idea I would like to share with you today, that there is a set of rules and skills which can be learned and taught in order to perform successful nonviolent struggle. 现在的人民力量新在何处呢？ 我今天就想谈一谈这个问题 要进行成功的非暴力斗争 我们需要一系列可学习可传授的规则和技能。
perform:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好); nonviolent:adj.非暴力的;不使用暴力的;
If this is true, we can help these movements. 如果事实如此,我们可以协助此类运动的开展。
Well, first one, analytic skills. 第一,分析能力。
analytic:adj.分析的;解析的;善于分析的;
I'll try where it all started in the Middle East , and for so many years we were living with completely the wrong perception of the Middle East. 请让我从这一切的源头中东地区说起 多年来,我们对中东地区的印象 一直有失偏颇。
Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部); perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力;
It was looking like the frozen region , literally a refrigerator, and there are only two types of meals there: steak, which stands for a Mubarak, Ben Ali-type of military police dictatorship , or a potato, which stands for Tehran types of theocracies. 我们认为中东好像一个被冷冻的区域,一个冰箱 而且里面只有两种食物: 一种是牛排,代表穆巴拉克、本·阿里这种 军事独裁统治,另外一种是土豆, 也就是以伊朗德黑兰政权为代表的神权政体。
region:n.地区;范围;部位; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: military police:n.宪兵; dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位; Tehran:n.德黑兰;
And everybody was amazed when the refrigerator opened and millions of young, mainly secular people step out to do the change. Guess what? They didn't watch the demographics . 因此当冰箱打开,成千上万的年轻人, 其中大部分拥有着平凡的价值观,走上街头呼吁变革的时候 很多人非常惊讶。知道为什么吗？他们没有关注中东的人口统计特征。
mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; secular:adj.世俗的; n.修道院外的教士,(对宗教家而言的)俗人; demographics:n.人口统计资料;
What is the average age of Egyptians ? 24. 埃及的平均年龄是多少？24岁。
Egyptians:n.埃及人;埃及语;(Egyptian的复数)
How long was Mubarak in power? 31. 穆巴拉克在位多少年了？31年。
So this system: just obsolete . They expired , and young people of the Arab World have awakened one morning and understood that power lies in their hands. 所以这样的统治系统已经过时。应该退休了。 而阿拉伯世界的年轻人某一天早上醒来 突然意识到力量就在自己手中。
obsolete:adj.废弃的;老式的;n.废词;陈腐的人;vt.淘汰;废弃; expired:adj.过期的;v.失效,期满,去世(expire的过去分词和过去式) awakened:adj.觉醒的;v.唤醒(awaken的过去式);
The rest is the year in front of us. And guess what? 此后一年间发生的事情我们已经熟知。
The same Generation Epsilon with their rules, with their tools, with their games and with their language, which sounds a little bit strange to me. I am 38 now. 这一代人有着自己规则 自己的工具,自己的游戏和自己的语言 这种语言对我来说有些奇怪。我今年38岁了。
Epsilon:n.希腊语字母之第五字;
And can you look at the age of the people on the streets of Europe? 再看看欧洲街头示威人群的年龄组成？
It seems that Generation Epsilon is coming. 年轻一代正在走上政治舞台。
Now let me set another example. 现在请允许我再举一个例子。
I'm meeting different people throughout the world, and they are, you know, academics and professors and doctors, and they will always talk conditions. 我与来自世界各地的很多人讨论过这个话题 学者、教授、医生都有 他们都喜欢讲条件。
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; academics:n.学术水平;学术知识;专业学者;
They will say, "People power will work only if the regime is not too oppressive ." 他们会说,“只有政权对于人民的压迫过于深重的时候,人民的力量才会起作用。”
regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制; oppressive:adj.压迫的;沉重的;压制性的;难以忍受的;
They will say, "People power will work if the annual income of the country is between X and Z." 他们还说:“如果该国年人均收入在X和Z之间 人民的力量才会起作用。“
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的;
They will say, "People power will work only if there is a foreign pressure." 他们说:”只有外国施加压力时,人民的力量才会起效。“
They will say, "People power will work only if there is no oil." 他们说,”只有在不牵涉的石油的情况下人民的力量才会起效“
And, I mean, there is a set of conditions. 这些条件确实存在。
Well, the news here is that your skills [that you] bring in the conflict seem to be more important than the conditions, namely skills of unity , planning, and maintaining nonviolent discipline . 然而,真正的重点是,应对冲突的技能 似乎比这些条件更加重要, 它们分别是团结、规划 和坚持和非暴力斗争。
conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; namely:adv.也就是;即是;换句话说; unity:n.团结;一致;联合;个体; maintaining:n.维护;保养;v.维持;保养;(maintain的现在分词) discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚;
Let me give you the example. 请允许我再举一个例子。
I am coming from a country called Serbia. 我来自塞尔维亚。
It took us 10 years to unite 18 opposition party leaders, with their big egos , behind one single candidate against Balkan dictator Slobodan Milosevic. 我们花了10年的时间才联合18个自恃甚高的反对党领袖 选出一个候选人 对抗巴尔干独裁者斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇。
unite:v.联合;团结;统一;n.由奈特; opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗; egos:n.自我(ego的复数); Balkan:adj.巴尔干半岛的;
Guess what? That was the day of his defeat. 你猜结果怎样？他的末日就此到来。
You look at the Egyptians, they fire on Tahrir Square, they get rid of their individual symbols . 再看埃及人,他们在解放广场上示威时 去除了所有个人符号。
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; symbols:n.符号;象征;标志;符号表(symbol的复数);
They appear on the street only with the flag of Egypt. 他们走上街头时只带着埃及国旗。
I will give you a counter-example. 请允许我再举一个反例。
You see nine presidential candidates running against Lukashenko. 有9个候选人和卢卡申科竞争总总统职位。
presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的;
You will know the outcome . 结果不言而喻。
outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
So unity is a big thing, and this can be achieved. 因此,团结非常重要,而且也不难做到。
Same with planning. Somebody has lied to you about the successful and spontaneous nonviolent revolution ? 事先计划也是一样。有人跟你提到过 成功的自发非暴力革命？
spontaneous:adj.自发的;自然的;无意识的; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
That thing doesn't exist in the world. 世界上不存在这种革命。
Whenever you see young people in front of the road trying to fraternize with the police or military, somebody was thinking about it before. 如果你看到年轻人在接上 态度友好的和警察或者军队交涉, 肯定有人实现计划。
fraternize:vi.友善;结有深交;vt.使…亲如兄弟;使…友善;
Now, at the end, nonviolent discipline, and this is probably the game-changer. 最后我要谈一谈不使用暴力的重要性, 这在一场运动中可能会起到决定性的作用。
If you maintain nonviolent discipline, you will exclusively win. 如果坚持非暴力斗争,你就会取得胜利。
exclusively:adv.唯一地;专有地;排外地;
You have 100,000 people in a nonviolent march, and one idiot or agent provocateur is throwing stones, guess what takes all the cameras? That one guy. 如果十万人参加了非暴力游行, 如果其中一个白痴或者奸细扔了石头 媒体的镜头全都会对准这一个人。
idiot:n.笨蛋,傻瓜;白痴; agent provocateur:n.(受雇于政府,怂恿某些政治团体人士犯法以便将之逮捕的)密探;
One single act of violence can literally destroy your movement. 一个暴力行为就可以 毁掉整个运动。
violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
Now let me move to another place. 现在我们看下一个问题。
It's selection of strategies and tactics . 战略和战术的甄选。
selection:n.选择;选拔;挑选;被挑选的人(或物); strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数) tactics:n.战术:策略:手段:兵法(tactic的复数)
There are certain rules in nonviolent struggle you may follow. 在非暴力斗争中遵守一些规则是必要的。
First, you start small. 第一,从小规模的运动开始。
Second, you pick the battles you can win. 第二,将精力集中在可能赢的活动上。
It's only 200 of us in this room. 今天出席的观众大约两百人。
We won't call for the March of Millions. 我们没办法组织百万人大游行。
But what if we organize spraying graffiti throughout the night all over Krakow city? The city will know. 如果我们趁夜晚在克拉科夫 四处涂鸦呢？市民们一定会知道的。
what if:如果…怎么办? organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理; spraying:v.喷;喷洒;向…扫射(或抛洒);撒尿(以示领地占有);(spray的现在分词) graffiti:n.墙上乱写乱画的东西(graffito的复数形式);
So we pick the tactics which accommodates to the event, especially this thing we call the small tactics of dispersion . 因此,我们根据形势挑选策略 尤其是运用分散的小规模策略。
accommodates:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解;vi.适应;调解; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; dispersion:n.分散;分散体系;散布;
They're very useful in a violent oppression . 这种策略在暴力镇压中特别有效。
oppression:n.压抑;镇压;压迫手段;沉闷;苦恼;
We are actually witnessing the picture of one of the best tactics ever used. 这张照片记录的就是 有史以来最棒的策略之一。
witnessing:v.当场看到,目击;是发生…的地点;见证;(witness的现在分词)
It was on Tahrir Square, where the international community was constantly frightened that the Islamists will overtake the revolution. Well, they've organized 这是在解放广场,国际社会 一直担心伊斯兰教徒会在这里 改变革命的性质。于是,他们安排了
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; frightened:adj.害怕的;受惊的;惊吓的;v.使惊吓;使惊恐;(frighten的过去分词和过去式) overtake:v.超过;赶上;(在数量或重要性方面)大于;(不愉快的事情)突然发生; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
Christians protecting Muslims, who are there praying, 基督教徒保护正在祈祷的穆斯林
Coptic wedding cheered by thousands of Muslims. 以及受到成千上万穆斯林祝福的科普特人婚礼。
Coptic:adj.科普特语的;科普特人的;n.科普特语;埃及古语;
The world has just changed the picture, but somebody was thinking about this previously . 他们改变了世界的想法, 这一切都是事前计划的。
previously:adv.先前;以前;
So there are so many things you can do instead of getting into one place, shouting and showing off in front of the security forces. 除了聚集在一起, 在安保人员面前大叫示威之外, 还有很多其他的斗争方式。
Now there is also another very important dynamic , and this is a dynamic normally analytics don't see. 事实上还有一种动态制衡也非常重要 而且常被分析家忽略。
dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; analytics:n.[化学][数]分析学;解析学;
This is dynamics between fear and apathy on one side and enthusiasm and humor on another side. 这是以热情和幽默 化解恐惧和冷漠的动态。
dynamics:n.动力学,力学; apathy:n.冷漠,无兴趣,漠不关心;无感情; enthusiasm:n.热心,热忱,热情; humor:n.幽默;心情;情绪;脾气;v.迎合;迁就;
So it works like in a video game . 它的运作方式很像电子游戏。
video game:n.电子游戏;
You have a fear high, you have status quo . 如果恐惧指数较高,那其它状态保持不变。
status quo:n.现状;原来的状况;
You have enthusiasm higher, you see fear starting to melt . 如果热情指数升高,恐惧就会开始下降。
melt:v.融化;(使)软化;
Day two, you see people running towards police instead of from the police. 在第二天,你就会看到人们跑向警察, 而不是从警察身边逃离。
In Egypt, you can tell that something is happening there. 不难看出,埃及就发生了类似的变化。
And then it's about humor. Humor is such a powerful game-changer, and of course it was very big in Poland. 接下来我们说说幽默。幽默拥有巨大的力量 可以改变局势,而且波兰人民的幽默感一向不错。
And you know, we were just a small group of crazy students in Serbia when we made this big skit . 在塞尔维亚,我们一小群疯狂的学生 曾经组织过大型的滑稽活动。
skit:n.讽刺文;滑稽短剧;
We put the big petrol barrel with a portrait picture of Mr. President on it in the middle of the Main Street . There was a hole on the top so you could literally come, put a coin in, get a baseball bat, and pow, hit his face. 我们在主干道的中间 放上一个大汽油桶 上面贴着总统先生的照片。桶的顶端有一个洞 所以人们可以过来投币 拿起棒球棍,给总统的脸来上一棒。
petrol:n.(英)汽油; barrel:n.桶;枪管;一桶(的量);v.飞驰; portrait:n.肖像;描写;半身雕塑像; Main Street:n.大街(城镇的主要商业街道);典型的美国中产阶级;
Sounds loud. And within the minutes, we were sitting in a nearby cafe having coffee, and there was a queue of people waiting to do this lovely thing. 声音非常响。我们坐在附近的咖啡馆喝咖啡 观察形势发展,几分钟之内, 就有一群人排队投币打总统。
nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; queue:n.行列;(存储的数据)队列;v.(人、车等)排队等候;(使)排队;列队等待;
Well, that's just the beginning of the show. 好戏这时才刚刚开始。
The real show starts when the police appears. 警察的出现掀起了真正的高潮。
What will they do? Arrest us? We are nowhere to be seen. 他们会怎么做呢？逮捕我们？他们根本找不到我们。
nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的;
We are three blocks away observing it from our espresso bar. 我们在三个街区之外的咖啡馆静观其变呢。
observing:adj.观察的;注意的;观察力敏锐的;v.观察;遵守(observe的现在分词); espresso:n.(用汽加压煮出的)浓咖啡;
Arrest the shoppers with kids? Doesn't make sense . 逮捕那些带着孩子的购物者？没有道理。
shoppers:n.购物者;(商店的)顾客;(shopper的复数) make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理;
Of course, you could bet they have done the most stupid thing: 也许你们猜得到,最终他们还是做了最愚蠢的事情:
They arrested the barrel. And now the picture of the smashed face on the barrel with the policeman dragging them to the police car , that was the best day for the photographers from newspapers that they ever will have. 他们逮捕了那个汽油桶。 警察将被打的歪七扭八的总统头像汽油桶 拖向警车的画面 让报纸摄影记者们欣喜若狂。
smashed:adj.大醉;v.打碎;(使)猛烈撞击;(用力)撞开;(smash的过去分词和过去式) police car:警察巡逻车;
So, I mean, these are the things you can do, and you can always use the humor. 因此,我们都可以做一些力所能及的事, 而且别忘记将幽默融入其中。
There is also one big thing about the humor: It really hurts, because these guys really are taking themselves too seriously. 幽默的力量在于:独裁者们 太在意他们的形象了,幽默其实拥有着巨大的杀伤力。
When you start to mock them, it hurts. 那些统治者一旦被嘲讽,就会坐立不安。
mock:n.英国模拟考试;adj.仿制的,虚假的;v.嘲笑;不尊重;
Now, everybody is talking about His Majesty , the Internet, and it is also a very useful skill, but don't rush to label things like Facebook Revolution, Twitter Revolution. 现在,人们都在谈论尊贵的因特网殿下, 网络也确实是一个非常有用的工具 但是别急着将各种运动命名为脸书革命或者推特（微博）革命。
Majesty:n.威严;最高权威,王权;雄伟;权威; label:n.标签;标记;谓;唱片公司;v.贴标签于;用标签标明;
Don't mix tools with the substance . 不要混淆工具和实质。
substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品;
It is true that the Internet and new media are very useful in making things faster and cheaper. 在提高效率和降低成本方面 网络和新媒体非常有效。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
They make it also a bit safer for the participants because they give the part of anonymity . 网络的匿名性则 提高了参加反抗运动的安全性。
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); anonymity:n.匿名;匿名者;无名之辈;
We are watching the great example of something else the Internet can do. 我们现在看到的是,是因特网在另外一个方面做出的伟大贡献。
It can put the price tag of state-sponsored violence over nonviolent protesters . 它可以让暴力镇压和平示威的政府付出代价。
price tag:n.价格标签; state-sponsored:国家支持;国家所发起或资助的;国家操纵的; protesters:n.(公开)抗议者,反对者;(protester的复数)
This is a famous group, We are all Khaled Said, made by Wael Ghonim in Egypt and his friend. 这是Wael Ghonim和他的朋友在埃及 创建的一个著名组织,“我们都是Khaled Said”。
This is the mutilated face of the guy who was beaten by the police. 这是一个被警察殴打的年轻人受伤的面孔。
mutilated:adj.残缺的;破坏的;v.切断;使残废(mutilate的过去分词);
This is how he became the public, and this is what probably became the straw which broke the camel's back. 他成为了公众的代表,可能就是 压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。
straw:n.稻草; adj.稻草的;
But here is also the bad news. 然而因特网也有它的局限。
The nonviolent struggle is won in the real world, in the streets. You will never change your society towards democracy or economics if you sit down and click. 和平示威只有在真实世界, 在街头才能取得胜利。如果只坐在电脑面前点击鼠标的话 你永远也无法 改善社会、推进民主。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
There are risks to be taken and there are living people who are winning the struggle. 必须冒险,必须有活生生的人参加 斗争才有可能取得胜利。
Well, million dollar question: What will happen in the Arab World? 再说一个重要的问题:阿拉伯世界今后会如何发展？
And though young people from the Arab World were pretty successful in bringing down three dictators, shaking the region, kind of persuading clever kings from Jordan and Morocco doing substantial reforms , it is yet to be seen what will be the outcome, 阿拉伯世界的年轻人 成功的扳倒了三个独裁者, 振荡了整个世界的格局,一定程度上说服了 约旦和摩洛哥聪明的国王大举改革, 但最终的结果还尚未揭晓,
persuading:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的现在分词) substantial:adj.大量的;实质的;内容充实的;n.本质;重要材料; reforms:n.改革(reform的复数);v.改革(reform的单数第三人称);
whether the Egyptians and Tunisians will make it through the transition or this will end in bloody ethnic and religious conflict, whether the Syrians will maintain nonviolent discipline, faced with the brutal daily violence which kills thousands already, or they will slip into violent struggle and make ugly civil war. 埃及和突尼斯能否成功过渡 会不会有血腥的种族或者宗教冲突爆发 面对日渐残暴、已经造成上千人死亡 的暴力镇压,叙利亚人民 能否坚持不动用武力 还是说他们会陷入武装斗争 引起一场惨烈的内战。
transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; bloody:adj.血腥的;血淋淋的;v.血染; ethnic:adj.种族的;人种的; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; Syrians:n.叙利亚人(Syrian的复数); brutal:adj.残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的; slip:v.溜;下降;滑落;n.纸条;衬裙; ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的; civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
Will these revolutions be whole like through the transitions to democracy or be overtaken by military or extremists of all kinds? We cannot tell. 这些革命是否能引领国家向民主过渡 它们的胜利果实会不会被军方 或者各种极端分子攫取？我们无法预测。
revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式); transitions:n.过渡,转变(transition的复数形式);转场效果;转换滤镜; overtaken:v.赶上,压倒(overtake的过去分词); extremists:n.极端主义者;极端分子;过激分子;(extremist的复数)
Same works for the Western sector , where you can see all of these excited young people protesting around the world, occupying this, occupying that. 发生在西方社会的抗议也是如此 有很多激愤的年轻人四处抗议 一会儿占领这个,一会儿占领那个。
sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形; protesting:v.(公开)反对;抗议;坚决地表示;申辩;(protest的现在分词) occupying:v.占用;使用;居住;占领;占据;(occupy的现在分词)
Are they going to become the world wave? 他们会引领世界的潮流吗？
Are they going to find their skills, their enthusiasm, and their strategy to find what they really want and push for the reform, or will they just stay complaining about the endless list of the things they hate? 他们是会用自己的能力、热情和策略 去追寻理想,推动改革 还是会继续 抱怨他们憎恨的无数现象？
strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; complaining:adj.抱怨的;v.抱怨;控诉;(complain的现在分词) endless:adj.无止境的;连续的;环状的;漫无目的的;
This is the difference between two towns. 这两者有云泥之别。
Now, what [do] the statistics have? 数据显示出什么样的发展趋势呢？
statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
My friend's book, Maria Stephan's book, talks a lot about violent and nonviolent struggle, and there are some shocking data. 我的朋友Maria Stephan的书 探讨了与暴力和非暴力斗争有关的大量问题 也包含着一些惊人的数据。
Maria:n.母驴;母马;[天文学]海(指月亮,火星表面的阴暗部分);
If you look at the last 35 years and different social transitions from dictatorship to democracy, you will see that out of 67 different cases, in 50 of these cases it was nonviolent struggle which was the key power. 过去35年中 在不同的国家一共发生了67次 从独裁到民主的社会变革 其中有50次是通过非暴力斗争实现的 因此,非暴力斗争能起到非常关键的作用。
This is one more reason to look at this phenomenon. 从这个角度来看,当今世界正在发生的事情值得关注。
This is one more reason to look at the Generation Epsilon, enough for me to give them credit and hope that they will find their skills and their courage to use the nonviolent struggle and thus fix at least a part of the mess our generation is making in this world. 从这个角度来看,年轻一代值得关注, 我相信他们有希望 用自己的能力和勇气 通过非暴力斗争 解决一部分 我们这代人给世界带来的问题。
mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢。（掌声）