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SoyapiMumba_2017G-_针对非洲需求设计的医疗科技_
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| Like every passionate software engineer out there, |
如同外面的每一位 熱情的軟體工程師, |
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passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; software engineer:n.软件工程师;
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| I closely follow technology companies in Silicon Valley , pretty much the same way soccer fans follow their teams in Europe. |
我密切關注矽谷的科技公司, 非常類似歐洲的足球迷 關注球隊的方式。 |
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technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; Silicon Valley:n.硅谷(美国加利福尼亚州一处计算机和电子公司聚集地,有时用以指任何计算机公司聚集地);
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| I read articles on tech blogs and listen to podcasts on my phone. |
我會閱讀科技部落格上的文章, 也會用我的手機聽播客。 |
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blogs:n.网志;博客;v.写网志;写博客;(blog的第三人称单数和复数) podcasts:n.播客(podcast的复数形式);
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| But after I finish the article, lock my phone and unplug the headphones , |
但,在我讀完文章, 把我的手機上鎖,並拔掉耳機之後, |
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unplug:vt.去掉…的障碍物;拔去…的塞子或插头; headphones:n.[电讯]耳机;听筒;[电子]头戴式受话器;(headphone的复数)
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| I'm back in sub-Saharan Africa, where the landscape is not quite the same. |
我就回到了撒哈拉以南非洲, 在那裡,狀況不太一樣。 |
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sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
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| We have long and frequent power outages , low penetration of computers, slow internet connections and a lot of patients visiting understaffed hospitals. |
我們常常會有很長時間的電力中斷, 電腦的普及率很低, 網際網路連結速度緩慢, 許多病人得要造訪人手不足的醫院。 |
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frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处); outages:n.储运损耗;中断供应;运行中断; penetration:n.渗透;突破;侵入;洞察力; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) understaffed:adj.人手不足的;人员不足的;
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| Since the HIV epidemic , hospitals have been struggling to manage regular HIV treatment records for increasing volumes of patients. |
從愛滋病毒的流行開始, 醫院就很努力地在管理 平時的愛滋病毒治療記錄, 病人數量大增造成管理困難。 |
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HIV:n.艾滋病病毒; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; volumes:n.卷;体积;容积;大量;(volumes是volume的复数)
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| For such environments, importing technology systems developed elsewhere has not worked, but in 2006, I joined Baobab Health, a team that uses locally based engineers to develop suitable interventions that are addressing health care challenges in Malawi . |
對這樣的環境而言, 其他地方發展出來的 科技系統是不合用的, 但在 2006 年,我加入了 Baobab Health, 這個團隊用的人都是 住在當地的工程師, 其工作是要開發適合的介入措施, 以應付馬拉威所面臨的 健康照護挑戰。 |
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elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; Baobab:n.猴面包树(非洲产的一种巨树); locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上; suitable:adj.合适的;适宜的;适当的;适用的; interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数); health care:n.卫生保健; Malawi:n.马拉维(非洲国家);
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| We designed an electronic health record system that is used by health care workers while seeing patients. |
我們設計了一個電子健康記錄系統, 供健康照護人員在 看病人的時候使用。 |
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electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的;
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| And in the process we realized that we not only had to design the software, we had to implement the infrastructure as well. |
在過程中,我們發現, 我們不僅需要設計軟體, 我們還得導入基礎設施。 |
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process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
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| We don't have enough medical staff to comprehensively examine every patient, so we embedded clinical guidelines within the software to guide nurses and clerks who assist with handling some of the workload . |
我們沒有足夠的醫療人員 來廣泛全面地檢查每一位病人, 所以我們在軟體中建置了臨床指南, 用來指導護士和見習醫生, 這樣可以減低工作量。 |
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comprehensively:adv.包括地;包括一切地; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; guidelines:n.指导方针;参考; workload:n.工作量;
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| Everyone has a birthday, but not everyone knows their birthday, so we wrote algorithms to handle estimated birthdates as complete dates. |
每個人都有生日, 但不是每個人都知道他們的生日, 所以我們寫了演算法來估計生日, 當作完整日期。 |
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handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
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| How do we follow up patients living in slums with no street and house numbers? |
貧民窟沒有街道號碼,我們要如何 追蹤住在那裡的病人？ |
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slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去;
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| We used landmarks to approximate their physical addresses. |
我們用地標來當作約略的實體地址。 |
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landmarks:n.地标,[航]陆标;标志(landmark复数形式); approximate:v.近似;使…接近;粗略估计;接近于;adj.[数]近似的;大概的; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
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| Malawi had no IDs to uniquely identify patients, so we had to implement unique patient IDs to link patient records across clinics . |
馬拉威並沒有 ID 來明確區別病人, 所以我們得要建置不重覆的病人 ID, 把各診所的病人記錄連結起來。 |
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uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式);
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| The IDs are printed as barcodes on labels that are stuck on personal health booklets kept by each patient. |
我們把 ID 列印成條碼, 印在每個病人持有的個人健康手冊上 所附的標籤上。 |
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barcodes:n.条形码;条码技术; labels:n.标签;分类(label的复数形式);v.贴标签于;把…称为(label的三单形式); personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; booklets:n.小册子(booklet的复数形式);
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| With this barcoded ID, a simple scan with a barcode reader quickly pulls up the patient's records. |
有了這種條碼 ID, 加上一個簡單的條碼掃瞄器, 就能馬上調閱病人的記錄。 |
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barcoded:条形码;条形编码;识别条码;
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| No need to rewrite their personal details on paper registers at every visit. |
不需要在病人每次造訪時都還得在 書面登記資料上重寫其個人細節。 |
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registers:n.登记; v.登记;
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| And suddenly, queues became shorter. |
突然間,排隊隊伍就變短了。 |
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queues:n.[数]队列;行列(queue的复数形式);v.[数]排队(queue的第三人称单数);
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| This meant patients, typically mothers with little children on their backs, had to spend less time waiting to be assisted. |
這意味著,病人, 通常是背著小孩的母親, 不用再花那麼長的時間等待協助。 |
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typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
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| And if they lose their booklets, their records can still be pulled by searching with their names. |
如果病人弄丟了自己的手冊, 還是可以透過搜尋他們的名字 來把記錄調出來。 |
| Now, the way we pronounce and spell names varies tremendously . |
我們的名字有非常不同的 發音和拼音方式, |
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pronounce:v.发音;读(音);正式宣布(或公布,授予等); varies:n.多重复合;v.使不同;改变;违背(vary的三单形式); tremendously:adv.非常地;可怕地;惊人地;
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| We freely mix R's and L's, |
我們可以自由混合 R 和 L, |
| English and vernacular versions of their names. |
他們的名字還有英語版和方言版。 |
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vernacular:adj.本国的;地方的;用本地语写成的;n.本地话,方言;动植物的俗名;
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| Even soundex, a standard method for grouping words by how similar they sound, was not good enough. |
即使是 Soundex 演算法, 它是一種將字詞依發音 相似度來分類的標準方法, 用在這裡也不夠好。 |
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standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
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| So we had to modify it to help us link and match existing records. |
所以我們得要修改它, 來協助我們連結和配對既有的記錄。 |
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modify:vt.修改,修饰;更改;vi.修改;
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| Before the iPhone, software engineers developed for personal computers, but from our experience, we knew our power system is not reliable enough for personal computers. |
在 iPhone 推出前, 軟體工程師是為個人電腦在做開發, 但,根據我們的經驗, 我們知道,若要用個人電腦, 我們的電力系統不夠可靠。 |
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reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的;
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| So we repurposed touch screen point-of-sale terminals that are meant for retail shops to become clinical workstations . |
所以我們把觸碰螢幕銷售點 終端機拿來做不同的用途, 它們本來是給零售店使用的, 被我們變成了臨床工作站。 |
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repurposed:vt.改换意图;重新目的化; touch screen:触摸屏; terminals:n.[计]终端;终端机;[电]接线端子;终止节点(terminal的复数); retail:vt.零售;转述;vi.零售;n.零售;adv.以零售方式;adj.零售的; workstations:n.工作站;智能终端;工作岗位(workstation的复数);
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| At the time, we imported internet appliances called i-Openers that were manufactured during the dot-com era by a failed US company. |
那時,我們進口了網路家電, 叫做 i-Openers, 那是在網路公司時代,由一間失敗的 美國公司所製造的。 |
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appliances:n.(家用)电器,器具;(appliance的复数) manufactured:adj.制造的,已制成的;v.制造,加工(manufacture的过去式); dot-com:n.网络公司;商业域名; era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代;
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| We modified their screens to add touch sensors and their power system to run from rechargeable batteries . |
我們修改了他們的螢幕, 加上觸碰感測器, 還有用可充電電池 來運作的電力系統。 |
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modified:adj.改进的,修改的;改良的;v.修改;缓和;(modify的过去分词); sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); rechargeable:adj.可再充电的;收费的; batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数)
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| When we started, we didn't find a reliable network to transmit data, especially from rural hospitals. |
一開始時,我們找不到 可靠的網路來傳輸資料, 特別是在郊區的醫院。 |
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transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
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| So we built our own towers, created a wireless network and linked clinics in Lilongwe, |
所以,我們建立了我們自己的塔台, 創建了無線網路, 連結了馬拉威首都里郎威的診所。 |
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wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送;
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| Malawi's capital. |
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| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |
| With a team of engineers working within a hospital campus , we observed health care workers use the system and iteratively build an information system that is now managing HIV records in all major public hospitals in Malawi. |
一個工程師團隊 被安排在醫院園區內工作, 讓我們能觀察健康照護人員 使用系統的狀況, 並反覆地繼續建立資訊系統, 這個系統現在可管理馬拉威所有 主要公立醫院的愛滋病毒記錄。 |
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campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地; observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); iteratively:adv.迭代地;反复地;
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| These are hospitals serving over 2,000 HIV patients, each clinic. |
這些醫院平均每所都要 服務超過兩千名愛滋病患。 |
| Now, health care workers who used to spend days to tally and prepare quarterly reports are producing the same reports within minutes, and health care experts from all over the world are now coming to Malawi to learn how we did it. |
健康照護人員過去需要花數天時間 記錄和準備季報表, 現在只要幾分鐘就能 產出同樣的報表, 而全世界的健康照護專家 現在都來馬拉威學習我們的做法。 |
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tally:n.计数器;标签;记账;vt.使符合;计算;记录;vi.一致;记分; quarterly:adj.季度的,按季度的; v.按季度,[农]一季一次地; n.季刊;
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| (Applause) |
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| It is inspiring and fun to follow technology trends across the globe, but to make them work in low-resourced environments like public hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa, we have had to become jacks-of-all-trades |
追隨全球的科技趨勢 很鼓舞人心也很有趣, 但要讓它們也能用在 缺乏資源的環境裡, 比如撒哈拉以南非洲的公立醫院, 我們必須要成為百事通, |
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inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词) trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
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| and build whole systems, including the infrastructure, from the ground up . |
建立整個系統,包含基礎設施, 從無到有建立起來。 |
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from the ground up:从头开始;彻底;
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| Thank you. |
謝謝。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌聲） |