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SonaarLuthra_2019T-_用跟踪气像的方式来跟踪全球的水_-
We need to build a weather service for water. 我们需要为水资源 建立一个气象服务台。
Yet, until we collectively demand accountability , the incentives to fund it will not exist. 但在我们能够 一致对此问责前, 它不具备成立的因素。
collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性; incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施; fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助;
The first time I spoke at a conference was here at TED, eight years ago. 八年前,我正是在TED平台 发表了我的第一次公众演讲。
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
Fresh out of grad school, little did I know that in those few minutes onstage , 刚毕业的我未曾想到, 在台上数分钟内罗列的问题,
grad:n.毕业生;校友; onstage:adj.台上的;台上演出的;adv.上台;上场;
I was framing the questions I was going to be asked for the next decade. 我将用此后的十年时间 去作答。
framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词)
And, like too many 20-somethings, 而就像许多二十啷当岁的青年,
I expected to solve the world's problems -- more specifically , the world's water problems -- with my technology . 我期盼自己 能解决世界难题—— 具体来说, 是想用自己的技术 来解决全球水质问题。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
I had a lot to learn. 我要学的东西还有很多。
It was seductive , believing that our biggest water quality problems persist because they're so hard to identify . 人们容易相信这么个论点: 最严峻的水质问题 依然攻克不下, 是因为水质鉴定非常困难。
seductive:adj.有魅力的;性感的;引人注意的; persist:v.保持;持续存在;维持;顽强地坚持; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
And I presumed that we just needed simpler, faster and more affordable sensors . 我也曾以为 我们只要有了更简单、更快捷、 更便宜的检测器就够了。
presumed:adj.假定的;推测的;v.假定(presume的过去分词和过去式); affordable:adj.负担得起的; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数);
I was wrong. 我错了。
While it's true that managing tomorrow's water risk is going to require better data and more technology, today we're barely using the little water data that we have. 虽然我们确实需要 更好的数据与更高的技术 来为明日的水质做风险管理, 但今时今日我们都还不能够 充分利用现有的为数不多的数据。
barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地;
Our biggest water problems persist because of what we don't do and the problems we fail to acknowledge. 最严峻的水质问题依然攻克不下, 是因为有些事情我们没有做到、 有些问题我们没能察觉。
There's actually little question about what today's water data is telling us to do as a species : we need to conserve more, and we need to pollute less. 作为地球上的一个物种, 我们人类能从现有的 水质数据读出的信息也很明确: 我们要节约环保, 我们要减少污染。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; conserve:vt.保存;将…做成蜜饯;使守恒;n.果酱;蜜饯;
But today's data is not going to help us forecast the emerging risks facing businesses and markets. 但是目前的水质数据 并不能帮助我们预测 即将来临的面对商业与市场的风险。
forecast:n.预测;预报;v.预测;预报; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词)
It's rapidly becoming useless for that. 目前的数据对此愈加一无是处。
It used to carry more value, but it's never actually told us with any real accuracy how much water we have or what's in it. 此类数据在过去更具价值, 但它们从未准确地告诉过我们 具体的水量 或是水中的成份。
accuracy:n.[数]精确度,准确性;
Let's consider the past decade of water usage statistics from each of the G20 nations. 让我们回顾过去十年里 来自各个G20成员国的 用水量统计数据。
usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
Now, what these numbers do not tell you is that none of these countries directly measures how much water they use. 这里的数字没有告诉你们的是, 那些成员国中没有一个国家 给出了用水量的直接测量值。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
These are all estimates , and they're based on outdated models that don't consider the climate crisis , nor do they consider its impact on water. 这些数字都是估计值, 而且是由他们根据那些 既没考虑气候危机, 也没考虑其对水资源影响的 过时模型计算得出的。
estimates:n.估计;估价;估计的成本;v.估价;估算(estimate的第三人称单数和复数) outdated:adj.过时的;旧式的;v.使过时(outdate的过去式和过去分词); crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
In 2015, Chennai , India's sixth-largest city, was hit with the worst floods it had seen in a century. 2015年,印度的第六大城市,金奈, 遭受了百年来 最严重的洪水袭击。
Chennai:n.金奈(印度的第四大城市);
Today, its water reservoirs are nearly dry. 而今天,那里的水库几近干枯。
reservoirs:n.[水利]水库(reservoir的复数);
It took three years to get here, three years of subaverage rainfall . 仅三年,降雨量低于平均值的三年, 就成了这幅光景。
subaverage:adj.低于一般水平的;低于平均水平的; rainfall:n.降雨;降雨量;
Now, that's faster than most nations tabulate their national water data, including the US. 大多数国家,包括美国, 将全国水资源数据收集制表的速度 都跟不上这样的干枯速度。
tabulate:adj.平板状的;有平面的;vt.使成平面;把…制成表格;vi.制成表格;
And although there were forecasts that predicted severe shortages of water in Chennai, none of them could actually help us pinpoint exactly when or where this was going to happen. 而且虽然有过几次 对金奈市水资源短缺的预报, 但它们无一明确指明水资源短缺 会在何时何地发生。
forecasts:n.[气象][通信]预测; v.预言; predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; shortages:n.不足,缺乏(shortage的复数形式); pinpoint:vt.查明; adj.精确的; n.针尖;
This is a new type of water problem, because the rate at which every aspect of our water cycle changes is accelerating . 这是一类新的水资源问题, 因为水循环的各个环节 都在加速变化。
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的;
As a recent UN warning this month revealed , we are now facing one new climate emergency every single week. 正如近期联合国 在本月警告所示, 我们每一周都面临着 一个新的气候危况。
revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式) emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的;
There are greater uncertainties ahead for water quality. 在水质方面存在着更大的不确定性。
uncertainties:n.[数]不确定性;不确定因素(uncertainty的复数);
It's rare in most countries for most water bodies to be tested for more than a handful of contaminants in a year. 绝大多数国家在一年内 对国内大部分水体 进行污染物检测的次数屈指可数。
contaminants:n.[环境]污染物;污垢物(contaminant的复数);
Instead of testing, we use what's called the " dilution model" 我们现在用于污染管控 的方式不是检测,
dilution:n.稀释,冲淡;稀释法;冲淡物;
to manage pollution. 而是一种名为“稀释模型”的方法。
Now, imagine I took an Olympic-sized swimming pool , 试想在一个奥运规格的泳池内
swimming pool:n.游泳池;游泳场;游泳馆;
I filled it with fresh water and I added one drop of mercury . 注满清水,并加入一滴水银。
mercury:n.[化]汞,水银;[天]水星;温度表;精神,元气;
That would dilute down to one part per billion mercury, which is well within what the World Health Organization considers safe. 这能将水银稀释至十亿分之一, 也就是在世界卫生组织看来 算是安全的程度。
dilute:adj.稀释的;淡的;vt.稀释;冲淡;削弱;vi.变稀薄;变淡; Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
But if there was any unforeseen drop in how much water was available -- less groundwater , less stream flow, less water in the pool -- less dilution would take place , and things would get more toxic . 但如果有这么一滴未被察觉到 的水银滴入地下水含量更少、 流量更弱、 水量更少的游泳池中, 稀释效果就会更弱, 水里的毒性就会更强。
unforeseen:adj.未预见到的,无法预料的; groundwater:n.地下水; take place:发生;举行; toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的;
So this is how most countries are managing pollution. 而这就是大多数国家 的污染管理之道。
They use this model to tell them how much pollution is safe. 他们用这个模型告诉人们 什么程度的污染能算安全。
And it has clear weaknesses, but it worked well enough when we had abundant water and consistent weather patterns. 这种方法有着明显的缺陷, 但它在水源充足 与气象规律稳定的条件下 还是能够达到目的。
abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产; consistent:adj.始终如一的,一致的;坚持的;
Now that we don't, we're going to need to invest and develop new data-collection strategies . 可现在,条件不允许了, 我们需要投资开发 全新的数据收集方案。
invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; strategies:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;(strategy的复数)
But before we do that, we have to start acting on the data we already have. 但在我们开始实施前, 我们得从已有的数据着手。
This is a jet fuel fire. 这火来自航空燃油。
As many of you may be aware, jet fuel emissions play an enormous role in climate change. 正如你们许多人所知, 航空燃油排放对气候变化 有着相当程度的影响。
emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
What you might not be aware of is that the US Department of Defense is the world's largest consumer of jet fuel. 但不为你们所知的是, 美国国防部 正是全球最大的 航空燃油购买方。
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者;
And when they consume jet fuel, they mandate the use of the firefighting foam pictured here, which contains a class of chemicals called PFAS. 在购买航空燃油的同时, 他们还允许使用 图片所示的消防泡沫, 这种泡沫里含有一类叫做PFAS (全氟烷基磺酸盐?)的化学成分。
mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; firefighting:n.消防;防火,打火; foam:n.泡沫;水沫;灭火泡沫;v.起泡沫;吐白沫;起着泡沫流动; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数)
Nobody uses more of this foam than the US Department of Defense, and every time it's used, PFAS finds its way into our water systems. 在这种消防泡沫的用量上 美国国防部无人能及, 而且每次使用,PFAS都会 以某种方式进入供水系统。
Globally, militaries have been using this foam since the 1970s. 全球各国军队从20世纪70年代起 就开始使用这种消防泡沫了。
militaries:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
We know PFAS causes cancer , birth defects , and it's now so pervasive in the environment that we seem to find it in nearly every living thing we test, including us. 我们知道PFAS会导致 癌症、先天性缺陷, 而现在它们在环境中遍布之广, 我们几乎能在 所有生物测试对象中检测到它们, 包括人体。
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; defects:n.缺点;瑕疵;不合格品(defect的复数);v.叛变(defect的三单形式); pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
But so far, the US Department of Defense has not been held accountable for PFAS contamination , nor has it been held liable . 但是到目前为止,还没人 就PFAS污染一事 向美国国防部问责, 国防部也从未表示过要对此负责。
accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的; contamination:n.污染,玷污;污染物; liable:adj.有责任的,有义务的;应受罚的;有…倾向的;易…的;
And although there's an effort underway to phase out these firefighting foams , they're not embracing safer, effective alternatives . 尽管当局正致力于 逐步淘汰这些灭火泡沫, 但他们并未采用更安全, 更有效的替代方法。
underway:adj.进行中的;起步的;航行中的;n.[公路]水底通道; phase out:逐步淘汰;停止; foams:n.泡沫(foam的复数);海绵;v.起泡沫(foam的第三人称单数); embracing:n.拥抱;v.拥抱,包含;(embrace的现在分词) effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数)
They're actually using other PFAS molecules , which may, for all we know, carry worse health consequences . 他们实际采用的是 其它的PFAS分子, 就我们所知,这可能会招致 更严重的健康问题。
molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数); consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
So today, government accountability is eroding to the point of elimination , and the risk of liability from water pollution is vanishing . 时至今日,政府问责机制 日渐淡化,形同虚设, 这样政府对水质污染担责 的风险也就越来越小了。
eroding:v.侵蚀;磨损(erode的ing形式);adj.侵蚀的; elimination:n.消除;淘汰;除去; liability:n.责任;债务;倾向;可能性;不利因素; vanishing:adj.消没的;n.消失;v.消失(vanish的现在分词);
What types of incentives does this create for investing in our water future? 这会对我们给水资源的未来做投资 产生什么样的激励？
investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
Over the past decade, the average early stage global investment in early stage water technology companies has totaled less than 30 million dollars every year. 在过去的十年里,全球每年针对 一众处于早期阶段的 水资源相关科技公司 的初期平均投资 总数不及三千万美元。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; totaled:v.总数达;合计;(total的过去分词和过去式)
That's 0.12 percent of global venture capital for early stage companies. 在对全球初期公司的 风险投资里占0.12%
venture capital:风险投资;
And public spending is not going up nearly fast enough. 而且公共支出的 增长速度也远跟不上。
And a closer look at it reveals that water is not a priority . 再一细看就会发现水资源 并非人们优先考虑的问题。
reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数) priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事;
In 2014, the US federal government was spending 11 dollars per citizen on water infrastructure , versus 251 dollars on IT infrastructure. 2014年,美国联邦政府 在供水的基础设施上 为每个公民花费了11美元, 而在信息技术的基础设施上 花费了251美元。
federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
So when we don't use the data we have, we don't encourage investment in new technologies , we don't encourage more data collection and we certainly don't encourage investment in securing a water future. 所以如果我们不能 擅用我们现有的数据, 我们就没法鼓励人们为新技术投资, 没法鼓励人们收集更多的数据 自然也没法鼓励人们 为未来的水质安全投资。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
So are we doomed ? 人类就这样毁了？
doomed:adj.注定的;命定的;v.使…注定失败(doom的过去分词和过去式)
Part of what I'm still learning is how to balance the doom and the urgency with things we can do, because Greta Thunberg and the Extinction Rebellion don't want our hope -- they want us to act. 我目前正研究的其中一个问题, 是如何物尽其用 在毁灭与危急状态间做平衡, 因为格雷塔·图恩伯格 与“反抗灭绝”组织需要的 不是我们的期许, 他们要的是我们的行动。
urgency:n.紧急;催促;紧急的事; Extinction:n.绝种; Rebellion:n.谋反;叛乱;反叛;反抗;叛逆;
So what can we do? 那么我们能做什么？
It's hard to imagine life without a weather service, but before modern weather forecasting , we had no commercial air travel, it was common for ships to be lost at sea, and a single storm could produce a food shortage. 没有气象台的生活是难以想象的, 但在现代气象预测技术出现之前, 我们是没有商务航空的, 船舶在海洋中迷失屡见不鲜, 光一场风暴 就能造成食物短缺。
forecasting:n.预测;v.预言;作预告(forecast的ing形式); commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
Once we had radio and telegraph networks, all that was necessary to solve these problems was tracking the movement of storms. 而在我们发明了无线电与电报网络后, 我们仅需要跟踪着风暴的动态, 这些问题就迎刃而解了。
telegraph:n.[通信]电报机,电报;vt.电汇;流露出;打电报给…;vi.打电报; tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
And that laid the foundation for a global data collection effort, one that every household and every business depends upon today. 这也为全球数据收集 成为当今家家户户、 各行各业都用得上的技术 奠定了基础。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
And this was as much the result of coordinated and consistent data collection as it was the result of producing a culture that saw greater value in openly assessing and sharing everything that it could find out and discover about the risks we face. 能够创造一种更重视公开评定, 并在面对危机时能就其 所知所见知无不言的文化, 和能够使用相互协调、 持续产生的数据 所带来的结果同样重要。
coordinated:v.使协调;使相配合;搭配,协调;(coordinate的过去分词和过去式) assessing:v.评估,评定(性质、质量);估算,估定;(assess的现在分词)
A global weather service for water would help us forecast water shortages. 建立一个水资源的全球气象服务台 能帮助我们预测水资源短缺;
It could help us implement rationing well before reservoirs run dry. 能帮助我们在水库枯竭之前 就实施定量配给;
implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具; rationing:n.[计划]定量配给;
It could help us detect contamination before it spreads. 能帮助我们在污染扩散之前 就可将其检测出来;
detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测;
It could protect our supply chains, secure our food supplies, and, perhaps most importantly, it would enable the precise estimation of risk necessary to ensure against it. 还能保护我们的供应链, 为我们的食品供应把关, 也许最重要的是, 这能精确评估风险, 从而确定必须承担的责任。
enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; precise:adj.准确的;确切的;精确的;明确的; estimation:n.估计;尊重; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
We know we can do this because we've already done it with weather. 我们知道这些事情能实现, 因为我们已经实现了气象跟踪。
But it's going to require resources . 但这会对资源有要求。
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
We need to encourage greater investment in water. 我们得鼓励更多的 对水资源的投资。
Investors, venture capitalists : a portion of your funds and portfolios should be dedicated to water. 投资者们,风险投资家们: 在你们的资金与投资组合中 应该要有一部分用于水资源。
capitalists:n.资本家(capitalist的复数); portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; portfolios:n.档案;文件夹(portfolio的复数);证券投资组合; dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式)
Nothing is more valuable and, after all, businesses are going to need to understand water risks in order to remain competitive in the world we are entering. 没有什么比这更有价值的了, 毕竟,企业也需要去 了解水资源的风险, 以在今后所处的世界里 保持竞争力。
valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
Aside from venture capital, there are also lots of promising government programs that encourage economic development through tax incentives. 除了风险投资外, 还有许多有前景的政府计划 通过税收优惠鼓励经济发展。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
A new option in the US that my company is using is called "opportunity zones." 我们公司正在使用一个叫 “机会区”的美国新政。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
They offer favorable tax treatment for investing capital gains in designated distressed and low-income areas. 美国政府对投资在指定的 贫困地区和低收入地区 所获的资金收益 提供优惠的税收待遇。
favorable:adj.有利的;良好的;赞成的,赞许的;讨人喜欢的; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; capital gains:n.(尤指出售固定资产所得的)资本收益; designated:adj.派定的;v.命名;指定;标明;指明;(designate的过去式和过去分词) distressed:adj.烦恼的; v.使忧虑; (distress的过去分词和过去式)
Now, these are areas that are also facing staggering water risk, so this creates crucial incentives to work directly with the communities who need help most. 要知道,正是这些地区 面临着巨大的水资源风险, 因此这类政策对 “直接致力于最需要帮助的社区” 有着关键性的激励作用。
staggering:adj.惊人的; v.蹒跚; (stagger的现在分词) crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And if you're not looking to make this type of investment but you own land in the US, did you know that you can leverage your land to conserve water quality permanently with a conservation easement ? 如果你尚未着眼于此类投资 但在美国拥有土地, 你是否知道你能通过‘保育地役权’ 为你的土地获得 永久性的水质保护？
leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购; permanently:adv.永久地,长期不变地; conservation:n.保存,保持;保护; easement:n.地役权;缓和;减轻;
You can assign the perpetual right to a local land trust to conserve your land and set specific water quality goals. 你可以将这项永久性权利 分配给本地土地信托 从而保护你的土地, 并为水质制定特定的目标。
assign:v.指定;指派;转让;分派;n.[法]受让人; perpetual:adj.永久的;不断的;四季开花的;无期限的;
And if you meet those goals, you can be rewarded with a substantial tax discount every year. 如果你能达成这些目标, 你就能每年获得大幅税收优惠。
rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式) substantial:adj.大量的;实质的;内容充实的;n.本质;重要材料; discount:n.折扣;vt.低估;打折扣;打折出售
How many areas could our global community protect through these and other programs? 有多少区域能在 这样与那样的计划下 受到我们全球社区的保护？
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
They're powerful because they offer the access to real property necessary to lay the foundation for a global weather service for water. 这些计划之所以有影响力, 是因为它们提供了 为“全球水资源气象服务台”奠定基础 所不可或缺的地产的获取方式。
But this can only work if we use these programs as they are intended and not as mere vehicles for tax evasion . 但要达成目的,我们必须 遵循这些计划的本意, 而非仅仅将其用作为避税工具。
intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式) mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) tax evasion:n.偷税;漏税;(非法)逃税;
When the conservation easement was established , nobody could anticipate how ingrained in environmental movements corporate polluters would become. 在“保育地役权”设立之初, 没人能预料到 企业对环境的污染 会变得如此积重难返。
established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) anticipate:v.预期,期望;占先,抢先;提前使用; ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的; v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式); corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; polluters:n.污染者;污染源;污染物质;
And we've become accustomed to companies talking about the climate crisis while doing nothing about it. 我们已经习惯了听企业 一边拿气候危机说事, 一边却对此无所作为。
accustomed to:习惯于;
This has undermined the legacy and the impact of these programs, but it also makes them ripe for reclamation . 这样的状况已经削弱了那些政府 计划的成效与影响, 但也令各式计划遍地开花。
undermined:v.暗地里破坏;挖…的下面(undermine的过去分词); legacy:n.遗赠,遗产; ripe:adj.成熟的;口味浓郁的;醇美可口的;强烈的; reclamation:n.开垦;收回;再利用;矫正;
Why not use conservation easements as they were intended, to set and reach ambitious conservation goals? 为何不贯彻“保育地役权”的本意, 以设立并实现伟大的环保目标？
easements:n.地役权(easement的复数);便利; ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的;
Why not create opportunities in opportunity zones? 为何不在 机会区 内创造机会？
Because fundamentally , water security requires accountability. 因为根本问题在于, 需要有人为水质安全负责。
fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
Accountability is not corporate polluters sponsoring environmental groups and museums. 负责不是指让污染排放企业 给环境组织 和博物馆投钱。
sponsoring:v.赞助;主办;促成;为慈善活动捐资;(sponsor的现在分词)
Those are conflicts of interest. 那些是利益冲突。
conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
(Applause) （掌声）
Accountability is: making the risk of liability too expensive to continue polluting and wasting our water. 负责是指: 让承担责任的风险昂贵之极, 从而不敢继续污染和浪费我们的水。
We can't keep settling for words. It's time to act. 我们不能再满足于口头承诺。 是时候付诸行动了。
settling:n.安置;固定;沉淀物;移居;v.解决;安居;(settle的现在分词)
And where better to start than with our biggest polluters, particularly the US Department of Defense, which is taxpayer-funded. 既然要行动,就得从我们 最大的污染排放者, 也就是由纳税人供养的 美国国防部开始。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
Who and what are protecting when US soldiers, their families and the people who live near US military bases abroad are all drinking toxic water? 当美军士兵、士兵的家人、 以及那些生活在 海外美国军事基地一带的人 都喝着毒水时, 究竟是谁在保护谁？
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国;
Global security can no longer remain at odds with protecting our planet or our collective health. 全球安定不再与保护地球 或是集体健康相冲突。
odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别;
Our survival depends on it. 人类存亡决定于此。
survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
Similarly , agriculture in most countries depends on taxpayer-funded subsidies that are paid to farmers to secure and stabilize food supplies. 与之相同, 大多数国家的农业都仰赖 来自纳税人的税款中 分给农民用来确保食物 供应安全稳定的津贴。
Similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; subsidies:n.补贴;补助金;津贴;(subsidy的复数) stabilize:vt.使稳固,使安定;vi.稳定,安定;
These incentives are a crucial leverage point for us, because agriculture is responsible for consuming 70 percent of all the water we use every year. 这样的激励措施对我们而言 是关键性的发力点, 因为农业消耗的水资源 占水资源消耗总量的70%
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的;v.消耗(consume的ing形式);
Fertilizer and pesticide runoff are the two biggest sources of water pollution. 化肥与农药径流入水 是两项最大的水污染源。
Fertilizer:n.[肥料]肥料;受精媒介物;促进发展者; pesticide:n.杀虫剂; runoff:n.[水文]径流;决赛;流走的东西;adj.决胜的;
Let's restructure these subsidies to demand better water efficiency and less pollution. 让我们通过调整这类补贴 来要求更高效的用水方式 和更少的污染。
restructure:vt.调整;重建;更改结构; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效;
(Applause) （掌声）
Finally : we can't expect progress if we're unwilling to confront the conflicts of interest that suppress science, that undermine innovation and that discourage transparency . 最后: 如果利益冲突 抑制了科学、阻碍了创新、 还降低了透明度, 而我们却不去正视这些冲突, 我们就不能指望事态会有进展。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; unwilling:adj.不愿意的;不情愿的;勉强的; confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗; suppress:vt.抑制;镇压;废止; innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法; discourage:v.阻止;劝阻;阻拦;使灰心; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃;
It is in the public interest to measure and to share everything we can learn and discover about the risks we face in water. 将我们在水资源方面 研究与发现到的一切风险 进行测量并分享, 是符合大众利益的。
Reality does not exist until it's measured . 未经测量的事实是不成立的。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
It doesn't just take technology to measure it. 要想测量,不能光靠技术,
It takes our collective will. 还得靠我们的集体意志。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) (掌声)