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SmrutiJukurJohari_2019W-_如果穷人参与到城市规划之中会怎么样？_-
What is our imagery of cities? 我们眼中的城市是什么样的？
imagery:n.像;意象;比喻;形象化;
When we imagine cities, we often imagine it to be something like this. 当我们想到城市时, 脑海中通常会有这样的画面。
But what if what you're looking at is just half a picture, but there is a city within the city. 但是你们看到的并不是全貌, 还有城中之城。
what if:如果…怎么办?
This part of the city is often seen as slums , squatters , informal , and people living here are called illegal , informal , criminals, beneficiaries , supplicants , etc. 这一部分的城市 常常被视作为贫民窟、 非法居住区、非正式居民区, 而居住在里面的人们 则被称为非法的、非正式的、 罪犯、靠救济存活、乞丐等等。
slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去; squatters:蹲着的人; (squatter的名词复数); informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; beneficiaries:n.[金融]受益人(beneficiary的复数形式); supplicants:n.恳求者,哀求者,祈求者;(supplicant的复数)
But in reality, these are poor people with no choices. 但是事实上, 这些是别无选择的穷人。
Poverty is a vicious cycle. 贫穷是一个恶性循环。
Poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; vicious:adj.恶毒的;恶意的;堕落的;有错误的;品性不端的;剧烈的;
If born poor, it can take three or more generations to escape one. 如果生而贫困, 则需要三代或更多代 才能脱离贫困。
Many are forced in this cycle without choices, to live on pavements , along train tracks , in dumping grounds, along rivers, swamps and many such unlivable spaces, without clean water, toilets or housing. 许多人被迫活在这样的循环中, 别无选择, 只能住在人行道上、 铁轨旁、 垃圾场里、 河边、 沼泽以及许多 像这样不宜生活的地方, 没有干净用水、厕所或住房。
pavements:n.人行道(pavement的复数);道路; tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数) dumping:n.倾倒,倾卸;v.丢弃,扔掉;抛弃;抛售;(dump的现在分词) swamps:n.[地理]沼泽; vt.使陷入沼泽; vi.陷入沼泽; unlivable:adj.不适宜于居住的;
But these places are not unfamiliar to me, because since the age of six, I accompanied my father, a doctor, who treated patients in the slums of Bombay. 但是对我而言, 这些地方并不陌生, 因为从六岁起, 我就跟随身为医生的父亲, 在孟买的贫民窟医治病人。
unfamiliar:adj.不熟悉的;不常见的;没有经验的; accompanied:v.陪同;陪伴;与…同时发生;为…伴奏;(accompany的过去式和过去分词) treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
Growing up, I would help him carry his bag of medicines after school lessons -- 成长过程中,我会在下课后帮他背 装满药品的袋子——
I loved doing that. 我乐在其中。
Wanting to do something about these habitats , 我想要为这些地方做些什么,
habitats:n.[生态]栖息地;(动植物的)[经]产地(habitat的复数形式);
I decided to become an architect . 于是我决定成为一名建筑师。
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
But quite early on, I realized that the beauty of architecture was only for the rich. 但是从很早开始,我就意识到 建筑的美感只是属于有钱人的。
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
So I decided to do urban planning and joined an NGO in India that works with the urban poor who organize themselves to access basic services, such as water, sanitation and housing, for the poor living in cities. 所以我决定从事 城市规划行业,并加入了 印度的一个非政府组织（NGO）, 该组织和城市中的穷人合作, 他们通常会自发组织起来 以获取基本的服务, 向生活在城市中的穷人 提供水、卫生和住房。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理; sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施;
Now I spent 10 years of my life in professional education, in learning, and then five years in unlearning it. 我花了 10 年时间 接受专业的教育, 然后花了 5 年时间忘记所学。
professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; unlearning:v.(使)忘掉(学过的东西); (unlearn的现在分词);
Because I realized that all my training in architecture, design and planning failed ground realities. 因为我意识到, 我在建筑、设计和规划上受过的训练, 都与现实是脱节的。
And this is where I learned the power of choice. 此时,我学到了选择的力量。
I unlearned many things, but there are two myths about the poor that I would like to share that we live with. 我忘记了很多事情, 但是关于穷人,有两个迷思 与我们息息相关, 我想要分享给大家。
unlearned:adj.无学问的,未受教育的; n.没有文化的人们; v.忘掉已学到的知识(unlearn的过去分词); myths:神话;谬见;
The first myth is a perception that migration of poor people into cities is a problem. 第一个迷思是,在人们的观念中, 穷人涌入城市是一个问题。
perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力; migration:n.迁移;迁徙;转移;移居;
Is migration really a choice? 人口迁移真的是一种选择吗？
My mentor Sheela Patel asked to those who think of this as a problem, "Go ask your grandfather where he came from," she says. 我的导师舍拉 · 帕特（Sheela Patel） 曾向那些认为这是个问题的人发问, 她说,“问问你的祖父他来自哪里。”
mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导;
So what do poor people do when they migrate in cities? 当穷人搬入城市时, 他们会做什么？
migrate:vi.移动;随季节而移居;移往;vt.使移居;使移植;
Let me share an example. 让我分享一个例子。
This is the Mumbai International Airport . 这是孟买国际机场。
Airport:n.机场;航空港;
All that you see in blue are large informal settlements around it. 你们看到的蓝色区域 是围绕在其周边的大型非正式社区。
settlements:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点;(settlement的复数)
Close to 75,000 people live here. 将近七万五千人在这里生活。
So who are these people that work silently in hotels, restaurants, as laborers , babysitters , house helps and countless other jobs that we need for cities to function without a glitch ? 那么,那些默默无闻地 在酒店、餐厅工作, 从事着劳工、保姆、家庭帮手 以及数不清的其他工作, 确保城市顺利运作的人, 他们是谁？
laborers:n.劳动者(laborer的复数);工人; babysitters:n.临时照顾幼儿者; countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; glitch:n.小故障;失灵;[电子]短时脉冲波干扰;
And where do they live? 他们住在哪里？
In most cities, they live in slums. 在大多数城市中,他们住在贫民窟。
So let us think again. 那么让我们再思考一下,
Do we want poor people to stop migrating in our cities? 我们想要穷人 停止迁入我们的城市吗？
migrating:v.迁移;迁徙;移居(migrate的现在分词);
What if they had a choice of not to? 如果他们可以选择是否迁入, 那会怎么样？
The second myth is my personal experience. 第二个迷思来自我的个人经历。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
It's this attitude that we professionals know better. 也就是专业人士 懂得更多的这种态度。
attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势; professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数);
We professionals love to make choices for others, especially for the poor. 我们专业人士喜欢为他人做选择, 特别是对穷人。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Let me share an experience. 以我的个人经历为例,
In a workshop that looked at designing 250 new houses for poor families from a slum nearby , there were different building materials that were presented, 在一个为周边贫民窟的贫困家庭 设计 250 座新房的工作坊上, 人们展示了不同的建筑材料,
workshop:n.车间;研讨会;讲习班;工场;v.学习; nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近;
ranging from papier-maché, cardboard , honeycomb , etc., simply because they were affordable . 包括混凝纸浆、纸板、蜂巢等等, 仅仅因为这些材料更廉价。
cardboard:n.[纸]硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板;adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的; honeycomb:n.蜂巢,蜂巢状之物; vt.使成蜂巢状; adj.似蜂巢的; vi.变成蜂巢状; affordable:adj.负担得起的;
But there was this one idea that was of shipping containers. 但有一个主意是使用集装箱。
Now we immediately approved of it, because we thought it was sustainable , scalable , affordable. 我们立刻就同意了这个想法, 因为我们觉得这是可持续、 可以扩大规模且可负担的。
approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的; scalable:adj.可攀登的;可去鳞的;可称量的;
But during this presentation , a lady from the slum humbly spoke up. 但是在展示过程中, 一位来自贫民窟的女士 谦虚地发声了。
presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; humbly:adv.谦逊地;卑贱地;低声下气地;
And she asked the presenter , "Would you choose to live in it?" 她问了展示人, “你会选择住在里面吗？”
presenter:主持人
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"If not, then why did you think we would?" “如果你不会,你为什么觉得我们会？”
Now this was a personal unlearning moment for me, where I realized that poverty only changes affordability -- it does not change aspirations . 那一刻让我意识到要忘记所学, 我发现,贫困只改变了 人能负担什么—— 贫困没有改变人的志向。
affordability:n.支付能力;负担能力;可购性; aspirations:n.愿望;
Now poor people have lived in temporary structures all their life. 穷人的一生都生活在临时建筑中。
temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
They go from wall to wall, moving from bricks to tin. 他们从一面墙换到另一面, 从砖块房屋换到铁桶搭成的屋子。
They move from building from bamboo, tarpaulin sheets , plastic, to cardboard, to tin, to bricks and cement , just like the way we do. 他们从用竹子、 防水布、塑料搭建房屋, 最后改进到用砖块和水泥, 就像我们一样。
tarpaulin:n.柏油帆布;防水帽;防水衣;涂焦油防水布; sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数) cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合;
So somewhere here, we were forcing our choices on them. 某种程度上,我们把 我们的选择强加给了他们。
So should we force our choices on them, or should we broaden their choices? 那么,我们是应该 把自己的选择强加给他们, 还是应该拓宽他们选择的余地呢？
broaden:v.加宽;变宽;(broaden的现在分词)
Now what if the opportunity to choose was given to people? 如果人们被赋予了选择的机会, 那会怎么样？
These are women who lived on the pavements of a neighborhood in Mumbai. 这些是生活在孟买一个社区的 人行道上的女人。
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
Now they faced constant evictions , and in response to it, they organized a women's network called Mahila Milan. 为了应对她们所面临的 无休止的驱逐, 她们创立了一个女性组织,叫做 “团结的女性”（Mahila Milan）。
evictions:n.逐出;赶出;收回; in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
Not only did they fight against evictions with those in power, saved money and bought land, but they also designed and helped construct their own houses. 她们不仅与权势的驱逐作斗争、 存钱并买地, 还设计并协助搭建 她们自己的房子。
construct:v.建造;创建;建筑;修建;n.概念;构筑物;结构体;建造物;
Well, these were illiterate women, so how did they do that? 这些都是不识字的女人, 她们是如何做到的？
illiterate:adj.文盲的;不识字的;没受教育的;n.文盲;
They used floor mats and saris to understand measurements . 她们把地板垫 和莎丽服当作量尺。
saris:n.(印度妇女的)[服装]莎丽服; measurements:n.测量值,尺寸(measurement的复数);
A sari is four meters in length and 1.5 meters in width . 一件莎丽服长 4 米,宽 1.5 米。
width:n.宽度;广度;某一宽度的材料;(游泳池两长边之间的)池宽;
They used these simple day-to-day items to demonstrate house models. 她们使用这些简单的日常物件 来展示房屋模型。
day-to-day:adj.日常的;逐日的; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数) demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威;
And even they made three options to choose from and invited all their fellow residents to come and have a look. 她们甚至设计了三种格局以供选择, 并邀请邻居来参观。
options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
And everybody loved this option that had a loft in it, simply because it did two things. 每个人都喜欢这个有阁楼的布局, 仅因为它有两个特点。
loft:n.阁楼;顶楼;鸽房;v.把…储放在阁楼内;将球高击;
One is that it accommodated larger families to sleep in. 一是,它能容纳下更大的家庭。
accommodated:v.使适应(accommodate的过去式及过去分词形式);安置;为…提供住宿;
And two, it allowed home-based work, such as bangle-making, jewelry-designing, embroidery-stitching, packaging items, etc. 二是,它允许家庭作坊式的工作, 比如手镯制作、珠宝设计、 刺绣、包装物件等等。
home-based:以家庭为基础;家庭为主;
Now they also decided to not have a toilet inside, but instead have it outside in the corridors , simply because it gave them more space and it was cheaper. 他们还决定不在里面安置厕所, 而是把厕所设在外面的走廊, 因为这样会有更多的空间, 还更便宜。
corridors:n.廊道,[建]走廊(corridor的复数形式);
Now, professionals could have never thought of something like that. 专业人员根本不可能有 这样的考量。
A formal design would have necessitated to have a toilet inside. 正式的设计一定会把厕所放在屋内。
necessitated:vt.使成为必需,需要;迫使;
Now these are smaller examples -- let me share some larger context : 881,000,000 people -- that's about one sixth of this world, as we talk here -- are living in slums and informal settlements. 这些是较小的例子—— 还有更大规模的情形: 8 亿 8100 万人—— 我们说的是全世界 将近六分之一的人口—— 居住在贫民窟或是非正式居民区。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
Almost every city in the global south has large slums in the size of townships . 几乎南半球的每个城市, 都有市镇规模的大型贫民窟。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; townships:镇区;小镇;六英里见方的地区(township的名词复数);
Kibera, in Nairobi, 内罗毕的基贝拉,
Dharavi, in Mumbai, 孟买的达拉维,
Khayelitsha in South Africa, just a few. 南非的卡亚利沙, 这只是其中几个例子。
Now initially , they were all on waste and abandoned lands that cities were never interested in. 一开始,它们都位于被废弃的土地上, 城市对这些土地一直没什么兴趣。
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式)
As cities grew, poor people started building on these lands and brought value to this over time. 随着城市规模的扩大, 穷人开始在这些土地上建设, 逐渐给这些土地带来了价值。
And today, these lands have become real estate hot spots that everybody wants a piece of. 而今天,这些土地变成了 炙手可热的房地产资源, 每个人都想分一杯羹。
real estate:n.房地产;不动产;
So how do cities and those in power choose to deal with them? 那么,城市和有权势的人 选择怎么处理它们呢？
They demolish them and evict them and move them away from their cities and economies in order to build a new infrastructure . 他们拆除建筑,驱逐居民, 把穷人从他们的城市和经济体中赶走, 以建筑新的基础设施。
demolish:v.拆毁;(意外)毁坏;推翻;轻易而彻底地打败; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
They move them into vertical housing, which in reality looks like this. 他们让穷人搬进垂直型建筑, 现实中看上去是这样。
vertical:n.垂直线;垂直位置;adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的;
Now when built in high densities , they lack natural light and ventilation , and it often leads to unhealthy conditions. 高密度的建筑 缺乏良好的采光和通风条件, 通常会损害健康。
densities:n.密度(density的复数); ventilation:n.通风设备;空气流通; unhealthy:不健康的
Now, on one hand , poor people are not involved in the participation of design, and there is poor quality of construction . 一方面, 穷人没有参与到设计之中, 建筑的质量也不好。
on one hand:一方面; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) participation:n.参与;分享;参股; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
And on the other hand , they do not understand how to do maintenance , you know, keeping bills, keeping records, forming societies -- this is always difficult for them. 另一方面, 他们不懂得如何维护保养, 比如保留账单、 保持记录、形成社区—— 这些对他们来说总是很难。
on the other hand:另一方面; maintenance:n.维护,维修;保持;生活费用;
And being forced to move into this formal society, they end up looking like this in a few years. 他们被迫搬入这种正式的社区, 在几年后便会成为这样。
Because formalization is not a product, it's a process . 因为正式化并不是一种产物, 而是一个过程。
formalization:n.形式化;成为正式; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Moving from informal to formal for poor people is a journey . 对穷人来说,从非正式 移入正式是一个旅程,
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
It takes time to accept and adapt . 需要时间去接受和适应。
adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
And when that choice is not given, it becomes like this, which I'm afraid, in future, these would become the slums. 而当没有选择时, 便会成为这样, 恐怕将来这些地方会变成贫民窟。
Now instead of doing this, what if we accommodated poor people and gave them a choice to be a part of our cities and develop them where they are, giving them basic services, like in this picture? 但我们还有别的选择, 如果我们给穷人提供住房, 给予他们成为 我们城市一部分的选择, 开发他们所在的地区, 为他们提供像图中这样的基础设施, 那会怎么样呢？
Now what happens if cities and governments could work together, if governments acknowledge poor people, and they could build it together? 如果城市和政府可以合作, 如果政府认可穷人, 穷人可以参与建设,会发生什么？
This is Mukuru. 这是穆库鲁。
It's a large informal settlement in Nairobi. 内罗毕的一个大型非正式居民区,
informal settlement:n.非正式居所区;临时棚屋区;
It's one of the largest settlements in Africa. 也是非洲最大的居民区之一。
It's home to 300,000 people living over 650 acres of land. 这是 30 万人的家园, 他们在 263 公顷的土地上生活。
To help us understand that scale , it's like squeezing the population of Pittsburgh into the New York Central Park. 为了帮助大家理解这一规模, 这相当于把匹兹堡的人口 挤到纽约的中央公园里面。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; squeezing:v.挤压;捏;榨出,挤出,拧出;(squeeze的现在分词) Pittsburgh:n.匹兹堡(美国一座城市);
That's Mukuru. 这就是穆库鲁。
So to give us a glimpse , this is the condition of housing. 我们看看, 这就是当地的住房条件,
glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹;
And this is what it is in between them. 以及房屋之间的样子。
So what is life in Mukuru like, just talking briefly ? 那么简单来说,穆库鲁的生活 是怎么样的呢？
briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地;
Five hundred and fifty people use one single water tap and pay nine times more than what anybody else in the city could pay, simply because there is no water infrastructure and water is sold. 550 个人共用一个水龙头, 而且相比城市中的人, 要付九倍的价钱, 仅是因为那里没有水利基础设施, 水是用来卖的。
Many come back from work to find out that their houses do not exist, because they have either been bulldozed , or they have been burned down. 许多人下班回来, 发现他们的房子不见了, 因为这些房子要么被推倒了, 要么被烧掉了。
bulldozed:v.(用推土机)推倒,铲平;强行通过;强迫(bulldoze的过去分词和过去式)
So, tired of this situation, a local slum dwellers' federation called Muungano decided to do something about it. 所以,在厌倦了这样的情形之后, 一个名为“穆加农”（Muungano）的 当地贫民窟居民联盟 决定行动起来改变现状。
federation:n.联合;联邦;联盟;联邦政府;
In four years, they organized 20,000 residents to collect data, map structures and put it together. 四年间, 他们组织了两万居民收集数据、 绘制设施图并把它们整合起来。
And the plan was very simple -- they only needed four things. 方案非常简单—— 他们只要四样东西——
They wanted clean water, toilets, decent roads and, most importantly, not to be evicted . 清洁的用水、 厕所、像样的道路, 以及最重要的,不被驱逐。
decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的; evicted:v.驱逐,赶出,逐出;(evict的过去分词和过去式)
So they presented this with the government of Nairobi. 他们向内罗毕政府 展示了这个方案。
And for the first time in history ever, a city has agreed to do it. 有史以来第一次, 城市同意了这个方案。
The city of Nairobi, the government of Kenya, declared Mukuru to be a special planning area, which means that people could come up with their own plan. 内罗毕市和肯尼亚政府 宣布穆库鲁成为特别规划区域, 这意味着人们可以提出 他们自己的方案。
come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
People could decide to come up with their own norms and standards , because the standards that work for the formal citizens do not work in informal settings. 人们可以制定出 他们自己的规范和标准, 因为适用于正规居民的标准 并不适用于非正式社区。
norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式); standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
So what does that mean, to give us an instance ? 那么这意味着什么？ 举个例子来看。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
If these are roads in Mukuru, you can see that there are houses along both sides of the road. 如果这些是穆库鲁的道路, 你可以看到在道路的两旁都有房屋。
Now in order to bring in a city bus, as per the standards, planners would have gone for a luxurious 25-meter-wide road. 为了引入城市公交, 根据标准, 规划者会选择很奢侈的 25 米宽的道路。
planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员; luxurious:adj.奢侈的;丰富的;放纵的;特级的;
Now that would mean displacing [25] percent of the structures -- that's a lot of people. 这意味着会占去 25% 的建筑—— 很多人会失去房子。
displacing:adj.置换的;v.置换(displace的过去式和过去分词);
So instead of doing that, we came up with a 12-meter-wide road, which had the structures intact and brought the city bus without compromising on much services. 所以我们不这么修路, 而是选择了 12 米宽的道路, 这保持了建筑的完整, 同时引入了城市公交, 而没有牺牲掉过多的服务。
intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的; compromising:adj.有失体面的; v.妥协; (compromise的现在分词)
In another instance, let's talk about community toilets. 再来看看社区厕所,
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
You know, in high-density areas, where there is no scope for individual toilets, like the public toilets that we have here. 你们知道, 在人口密度高的地方, 厕所没有办法设置独立隔间, 像我们这里的公共厕所那样。
high-density:adj.高密度的; scope:n.能力; v.仔细看; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
So we would go for a male section and a female section. 我们考虑分为男厕所和女厕所。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
But imagine this situation. 但是思考下这个情形。
In the morning rush hours to the toilet, when everybody is in intense pressure to relieve themselves, and if you're standing in a queue of 50 people, and there is a child standing behind an adult, who wins? 在早晨上厕所的高峰时刻, 每个人都着急的要“解压”, 如果你站在 50 人的队伍里, 有个孩子站在成人后面, 谁会获胜？
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; relieve:v.减轻;缓解;缓和;接替; queue:n.行列;(存储的数据)队列;v.(人、车等)排队等候;(使)排队;列队等待;
Children end up squatting outside. 孩子最终会在外面蹲着上厕所。
squatting:v.蹲坐;蹲;偷住,擅自占用(房子或地方);(squat的现在分词)
And that's why women decided to come up with a separate squatting area for children. 这就是为什么女性决定 给孩子设置专门分开的蹲厕区。
Now, who could have thought of something like that? 有谁会想到这些呢？
The idea here is that when poor people choose, they choose better. 这里的关键在于,当穷人做选择时, 他们能做出更好的选择。
They choose what works for them. 他们的选择对他们更适用。
So choice is everything. 所以选择权就是全部,
And power decides choice. 而权力决定选择权。
And we need those in power -- politicians , leaders, governments, architects , planners, institutions , researchers -- and all of us in our everyday lives to respect choices. 我们需要那些掌权的人—— 政客、领导、政府、 建筑师、规划者、机构和研究人员—— 以及我们生活中的 所有人去尊重选择。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
Instead of choosing what is right for people, for the poor, let's acknowledge and empower their choices. 不要为穷人选择什么是对的, 而是承认并赋予他们选择的权利。
empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够;
And that is how we can build better and inclusive cities for tomorrow, completing the imagery of cities built by the choices of its own people. 这样,我们才能为将来 建造出更好、更包容、 构建在城市自身居民 选择之上的城市, 让城市的形象变得更加完整。
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）