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SirKenRobinson_2006-_学校扼杀创造力_
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| Good morning. How are you? |
[00:12] |
| (Laughter) |
[00:16] |
| It's been great, hasn't it? |
[00:17] |
| I've been blown away by the whole thing. |
[00:20] |
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blown away:轻轻吹走(歌曲名);零点爆破(电影名);
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| In fact, I'm leaving. |
[00:22] |
| (Laughter) |
[00:24] |
| There have been three themes running through the conference which are relevant to what I want to talk about. |
[00:30] |
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conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
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| One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity in all of the presentations that we've had and in all of the people here. |
[00:35] |
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extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; presentations:n.展示;自我介绍;业务陈述(presentation的复数形式);
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| Just the variety of it and the range of it. |
[00:44] |
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variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化;
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| The second is that it's put us in a place where we have no idea what's going to happen, in terms of the future. |
[00:48] |
| No idea how this may play out. |
[00:54] |
| I have an interest in education. |
[00:57] |
| Actually, what I find is everybody has an interest in education. |
[00:58] |
| Don't you? |
[01:03] |
| I find this very interesting. |
[01:04] |
| If you're at a dinner party , and you say you work in education -- |
[01:05] |
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dinner party:晚宴;
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| Actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly. |
[01:09] |
| (Laughter) |
[01:12] |
| If you work in education, you're not asked. |
[01:16] |
| (Laughter) |
[01:19] |
| And you're never asked back, curiously . That's strange to me. |
[01:22] |
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curiously:adv.好奇地;奇妙地;
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| But if you are, and you say to somebody, you know, they say, "What do you do?" |
[01:26] |
| and you say you work in education, you can see the blood run from their face. |
[01:30] |
| They're like, "Oh my God," you know, "Why me?" |
[01:34] |
| (Laughter) |
[01:36] |
| '"My one night out all week." |
[01:38] |
| (Laughter) |
[01:39] |
| But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall. |
[01:42] |
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pin:n.大头针;饰针;旗杆;胸针;v.别上;使不能动弹;按住;钳住;
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| Because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right? |
[01:45] |
| Like religion, and money and other things. |
[01:49] |
| So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do. |
[01:52] |
| We have a huge vested interest in it, partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future that we can't grasp . |
[01:56] |
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vested interest:n.既得利益; grasp:n.抓住;理解;控制;v.抓住;领会;
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| If you think of it, children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065. |
[02:03] |
| Nobody has a clue , despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days, what the world will look like in five years' time. |
[02:12] |
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clue:n.提示;迹象;(纵横填字谜、游戏或问题的)提示词语;v.提示;为…提供线索; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; parade:n.阅兵;游行;炫耀;检阅;v.游行;展览;游行庆祝;游行示威;
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| And yet we're meant to be educating them for it. |
[02:20] |
| So the unpredictability , I think, is extraordinary. |
[02:22] |
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unpredictability:n.不可预测性,不可预知性;不可预见性;
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| And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless , on the really extraordinary capacities that children have -- their capacities for innovation . |
[02:24] |
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nonetheless:adv.尽管如此,但是; capacities:n.能力;容量;性能;生产量(capacity的复数); innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
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| I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel , wasn't she? |
[02:36] |
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marvel:n.奇迹;vt.对…感到惊异;vi.感到惊讶;
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| Just seeing what she could do. |
[02:38] |
| And she's exceptional , but I think she's not, so to speak , exceptional in the whole of childhood. |
[02:40] |
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exceptional:adj.异常的,例外的;n.超常的学生; so to speak:可以说;打个譬喻说;
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| What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication who found a talent. |
[02:48] |
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dedication:n.奉献;献身;(建筑物等的)落成典礼;(书、音乐或演出前部的)献词;
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| And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents. |
[02:53] |
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contention:n.争论,争辩;争夺;论点; tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的;
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| And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly . |
[02:55] |
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squander:vt.浪费;vi.浪费;漂泊;n.浪费; ruthlessly:adv.无情地;残忍地;冷酷地;
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| So I want to talk about education and I want to talk about creativity. |
[02:57] |
| My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy , and we should treat it with the same status . |
[03:01] |
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literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
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| (Applause) Thank you. |
[03:10] |
| (Applause) |
[03:12] |
| That was it, by the way . |
[03:17] |
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by the way:顺便说一下;
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| Thank you very much. |
[03:18] |
| (Laughter) |
[03:19] |
| So, 15 minutes left. |
[03:21] |
| (Laughter) |
[03:23] |
| Well, I was born... no. |
[03:26] |
| (Laughter) |
[03:28] |
| I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it -- of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson. |
[03:31] |
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recently:adv.最近;新近;
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| She was six, and she was at the back, drawing, and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention, and in this drawing lesson, she did. |
[03:37] |
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hardly ever:几乎不;几乎从来不;
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| The teacher was fascinated. |
[03:43] |
| She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?" |
[03:45] |
| And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God." |
[03:48] |
| And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like." |
[03:51] |
| And the girl said, "They will, in a minute." |
[03:54] |
| (Laughter) |
[03:57] |
| When my son was four in England -- |
[04:08] |
| Actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest. |
[04:11] |
| (Laughter) |
[04:13] |
| If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year. |
[04:15] |
| He was in the Nativity play . Do you remember the story? |
[04:18] |
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Nativity play:n.圣诞剧(通常由儿童于圣诞节时演出);
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| (Laughter) |
[04:21] |
| No, it was big, it was a big story. |
[04:22] |
| Mel Gibson did the sequel , you may have seen it. |
[04:24] |
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Gibson:n.吉布森鸡尾酒; sequel:n.续集;结局;继续;后果;
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| (Laughter) |
[04:26] |
| '"Nativity II." |
[04:28] |
| But James got the part of Joseph , which we were thrilled about. |
[04:29] |
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Joseph:n.连帽大氅; thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式)
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| We considered this to be one of the lead parts. |
[04:33] |
| We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts: "James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter) |
[04:36] |
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crammed:adj.塞满的;挤满的;v.把…塞进;挤满;塞满;(cram的过去分词和过去式) agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数)
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| He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in? |
[04:41] |
| They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh . |
[04:45] |
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bearing:n.关系;影响;姿态;举止v.承受;忍受;承担责任;(bear的现在分词) frankincense:n.乳香; myrrh:n.没药(热带树脂,可作香料,药材);[植]没药树;
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| This really happened. |
[04:47] |
| We were sitting there and I think they just went out of sequence , because we talked to the little boy afterward and we said, "You OK with that?" And he said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?" |
[04:48] |
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sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列; afterward:adv.以后,后来;
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| They just switched. |
[04:57] |
| The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads, and they put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold." |
[04:58] |
| And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh." |
[05:05] |
| And the third boy said, "Frank sent this." |
[05:08] |
| (Laughter) |
[05:10] |
| What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance . |
[05:22] |
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take a chance:vt.冒险;
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| If they don't know, they'll have a go. |
[05:25] |
| Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong. |
[05:28] |
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frightened:adj.害怕的;受惊的;惊吓的;v.使惊吓;使惊恐;(frighten的过去分词和过去式)
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| I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative . |
[05:32] |
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creative:adj.创造性的;
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| What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong, you'll never come up with anything original -- if you're not prepared to be wrong. |
[05:36] |
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come up with:提出;想出;赶上; original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
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| And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity . |
[05:44] |
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capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
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| They have become frightened of being wrong. |
[05:49] |
| And we run our companies like this. |
[05:51] |
| We stigmatize mistakes. |
[05:53] |
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stigmatize:vt.诬蔑;玷污;给…打上烙印;
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| And we're now running national education systems where mistakes are the worst thing you can make. |
[05:55] |
| And the result is that we are educating people out of their creative capacities. |
[06:00] |
| Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists. |
[06:06] |
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Picasso:n.毕加索(西班牙画家);
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| The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up. |
[06:10] |
| I believe this passionately , that we don't grow into creativity, we grow out of it. |
[06:13] |
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passionately:adv.热情地;强烈地;激昂地; grow out of:产生于;因长大而丢弃;长得太高大;
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| Or rather, we get educated out of it. |
[06:18] |
| So why is this? |
[06:21] |
| I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago. |
[06:22] |
| In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles. |
[06:26] |
| So you can imagine what a seamless transition that was. |
[06:29] |
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seamless:adj.无缝的;无缝合线的;无伤痕的; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
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| (Laughter) |
[06:32] |
| Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield, just outside Stratford, which is where Shakespeare 's father was born. |
[06:34] |
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Shakespeare:n.莎士比亚(英国剧作家);
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| Are you struck by a new thought? I was. |
[06:40] |
| You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you? |
[06:42] |
| Do you? Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you? |
[06:45] |
| Shakespeare being seven? |
[06:49] |
| I never thought of it. |
[06:50] |
| I mean, he was seven at some point. |
[06:51] |
| He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he? |
[06:53] |
| (Laughter) |
[06:55] |
| How annoying would that be? |
[07:02] |
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annoying:adj.烦人的;使生气的;使烦恼的;v.使生气;打扰;骚扰;(annoy的现在分词)
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| (Laughter) |
[07:04] |
| '"Must try harder." |
[07:11] |
| (Laughter) |
[07:12] |
| Being sent to bed by his dad, you know, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now! |
[07:16] |
| And put the pencil down." |
[07:20] |
| (Laughter) |
[07:22] |
| '"And stop speaking like that." |
[07:23] |
| (Laughter) |
[07:25] |
| '"It's confusing everybody." |
[07:29] |
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confusing:adj.令人困惑; v.使糊涂; (confuse的现在分词)
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| (Laughter) |
[07:30] |
| Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles, and I just want to say a word about the transition. |
[07:35] |
| My son didn't want to come. |
[07:43] |
| I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16. |
[07:45] |
| He didn't want to come to Los Angeles. |
[07:48] |
| He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England. |
[07:50] |
| This was the love of his life, Sarah. |
[07:53] |
| He'd known her for a month. |
[07:56] |
| (Laughter) |
[07:58] |
| Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary, because it's a long time when you're 16. |
[07:59] |
| He was really upset on the plane, he said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah." |
[08:04] |
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upset:adj.沮丧; v.打乱; n.苦恼; (意外的)混乱;
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| And we were rather pleased about that, frankly -- |
[08:08] |
| (Laughter) |
[08:11] |
| Because she was the main reason we were leaving the country. |
[08:19] |
| (Laughter) |
[08:22] |
| But something strikes you when you move to America and travel around the world: |
[08:28] |
| Every education system on Earth has the same hierarchy of subjects. |
[08:31] |
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hierarchy:n.层级;等级制度;
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| Every one. Doesn't matter where you go. |
[08:35] |
| You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't. |
[08:37] |
| At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities , and at the bottom are the arts. |
[08:39] |
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mathematics:n.数学;数学运算; humanities:n.人文学科(humanity的复数);
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| Everywhere on Earth. |
[08:44] |
| And in pretty much every system too, there's a hierarchy within the arts. |
[08:45] |
| Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools than drama and dance. |
[08:49] |
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normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; drama:n.戏剧;戏剧艺术;戏剧文学;戏剧性事件;
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| There isn't an education system on the planet that teaches dance everyday to children the way we teach them mathematics. Why? |
[08:53] |
| Why not? I think this is rather important. |
[09:00] |
| I think math is very important, but so is dance. |
[09:03] |
| Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do. |
[09:05] |
| We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting? |
[09:08] |
| (Laughter) |
[09:11] |
| Truthfully , what happens is, as children grow up, we start to educate them progressively from the waist up. |
[09:14] |
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Truthfully:adv.诚实地;深信不疑地; progressively:adv.渐进地;日益增多地; waist:n.腰;腰部;(衣服的)腰部;有…腰身的;
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| And then we focus on their heads. |
[09:19] |
| And slightly to one side. |
[09:21] |
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slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
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| If you were to visit education, as an alien, and say "What's it for, public education?" |
[09:23] |
| I think you'd have to conclude , if you look at the output , who really succeeds by this, who does everything that they should, who gets all the brownie points , who are the winners -- |
[09:29] |
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conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定) output:n.(人、机器、机构的)产量;输出;输出功率;输出量;v.输出; brownie points:(美国7至9岁)幼年女童子军积分;(成绩和善行的)品行奖分;
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| I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education throughout the world is to produce university professors. |
[09:37] |
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throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
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| Isn't it? |
[09:44] |
| They're the people who come out the top. |
[09:45] |
| And I used to be one, so there. |
[09:47] |
| (Laughter) |
[09:49] |
| And I like university professors, but you know, we shouldn't hold them up as the high-water mark of all human achievement. |
[09:52] |
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high-water mark:n.高水位线(海水或洪水所达到的最高水位);
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| They're just a form of life, another form of life. |
[10:00] |
| But they're rather curious, and I say this out of affection for them. |
[10:03] |
| There's something curious about professors in my experience -- not all of them, but typically , they live in their heads. |
[10:06] |
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typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
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| They live up there, and slightly to one side. |
[10:12] |
| They're disembodied , you know, in a kind of literal way. |
[10:15] |
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disembodied:adj.空洞的;无实质的;无实体的; literal:adj.文字的;逐字的;无夸张的;
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| They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads. |
[10:18] |
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transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放;
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| (Laughter) |
[10:22] |
| Don't they? |
[10:28] |
| It's a way of getting their head to meetings. |
[10:29] |
| (Laughter) |
[10:31] |
| If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics , and pop into the discotheque on the final night. |
[10:37] |
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out-of-body:adj.体外的;亲身的; residential:adj.住宅的;与居住有关的; senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; academics:n.学术水平;学术知识;专业学者; discotheque:n.迪斯科舞厅;
|
| (Laughter) |
[10:46] |
| And there, you will see it. |
[10:49] |
| Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably , off the beat. |
[10:50] |
|
writhing:v.(常指因剧痛不停地)扭动,翻滚;(writhe的现在分词) uncontrollably:adv.控制不住地;
|
| (Laughter) |
[10:55] |
| Waiting until it ends so they can go home and write a paper about it. |
[10:57] |
| (Laughter) |
[11:01] |
| Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability. |
[11:03] |
|
predicated:adj.断言的,断定的;v.断言;断定(predicate的过去式);
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| And there's a reason. |
[11:07] |
| Around the world, there were no public systems of education, really, before the 19th century. |
[11:08] |
| They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism . |
[11:14] |
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industrialism:n.产业主义,工业主义;工业制度;
|
| So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas. |
[11:17] |
| Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top. |
[11:19] |
| So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school when you were a kid, things you liked, on the grounds that you would never get a job doing that. Is that right? |
[11:24] |
|
steered:v.驾驶(船、汽车等);操纵;控制;引导;(steer的过去分词和过去式) benignly:adv.亲切地;仁慈地;
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| Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician; don't do art, you won't be an artist. |
[11:32] |
| Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken . |
[11:36] |
|
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; mistaken:adj.错误;不正确;被误解的;v.弄错;误解;误会;(mistake的过去分词)
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| The whole world is engulfed in a revolution . |
[11:40] |
|
engulfed:vt.吞没;吞食,狼吞虎咽; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
|
| And the second is academic ability, which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence , because the universities designed the system in their image. |
[11:42] |
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dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
|
| If you think of it, the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process of university entrance. |
[11:50] |
|
protracted:adj.拖延的;v.拖延;绘制;伸展(protract的过去分词); process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
|
| And the consequence is that many highly-talented, brilliant, creative people think they're not, because the thing they were good at at school wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized . |
[11:56] |
|
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; stigmatized:adj.受非难的;被污名化的;v.污辱;指责(stigmatize的过去分词);
|
| And I think we can't afford to go on that way. |
[12:05] |
|
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
|
| In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO, more people worldwide will be graduating through education than since the beginning of history. |
[12:07] |
|
according to:根据,据说; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
|
| More people, and it's the combination of all the things we've talked about -- technology and its transformation effect on work, and demography and the huge explosion in population. |
[12:15] |
|
combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; demography:n.人口统计学; explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增;
|
| Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything. |
[12:24] |
| Isn't that true? |
[12:27] |
| When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job. |
[12:28] |
| If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one. |
[12:31] |
| And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter) |
[12:34] |
| But now kids with degrees are often heading home to carry on playing video games, because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA, and now you need a PhD for the other. |
[12:37] |
|
previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
|
| It's a process of academic inflation . |
[12:49] |
|
inflation:n.膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡;
|
| And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet. |
[12:51] |
|
indicates:v.表明指示,显示;(indicate的第三人称单数) structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词) beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
|
| We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence. |
[12:54] |
|
radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; rethink:v.重新考虑;再想;n.重新考虑;反思;新想法;
|
| We know three things about intelligence. |
[12:57] |
| One, it's diverse . |
[12:59] |
|
diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的;
|
| We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it. |
[13:00] |
| We think visually , we think in sound, we think kinesthetically. |
[13:03] |
|
visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地;
|
| We think in abstract terms, we think in movement. |
[13:06] |
|
abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要;
|
| Secondly, intelligence is dynamic . |
[13:09] |
|
dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的;
|
| If you look at the interactions of a human brain, as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations, intelligence is wonderfully interactive . |
[13:11] |
|
interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) wonderfully:adv.精彩地;惊人地;极好地; interactive:adj.合作的;相互影响的;互相配合的;交互式的;n.交互式视频设备;
|
| The brain isn't divided into compartments . |
[13:19] |
|
compartments:n.隔间;分隔间,隔层;(compartment的复数)
|
| In fact, creativity -- which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value -- more often than not comes about through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things. |
[13:21] |
|
define:v.定义;使明确;规定; more often than not:通常;多半; disciplinary:adj.规律的;训练的;训诫的;
|
| By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain called the corpus callosum . |
[13:34] |
|
shaft:n.拍杆;[机]轴;箭杆;杆状物;v.利用;在…上装杆; nerves:n.神经;神经紧张;勇气;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神;(nerve的第三人称单数和复数) corpus:n.[计]语料库;文集;本金; callosum:n.胼底体;条叶百合;胼胝质;
|
| It's thicker in women. |
[13:39] |
| Following off from Helen yesterday, this is probably why women are better at multi-tasking . |
[13:41] |
|
multi-tasking:n.具有多任务同时处理功能;
|
| Because you are, aren't you? |
[13:46] |
| There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life. |
[13:47] |
|
raft:n.筏;救生艇;(美)大量;vt.筏运;制成筏;vi.乘筏; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
|
| If my wife is cooking a meal at home -- which is not often, thankfully . |
[13:51] |
|
thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地;
|
| (Laughter) |
[13:57] |
| No, she's good at some things, but if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone, she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling, she's doing open-heart surgery over here. |
[13:59] |
|
open-heart surgery:n.体外循环心脏手术;心脏直视手术;开心术;
|
| If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out, the phone's on the hook , if she comes in I get annoyed . |
[14:10] |
|
hook:n.钩;挂钩;鱼钩;钓钩;v.挂住;箍住;钓(鱼);打曲线球; annoyed:adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;v.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰(annoy的过去分词和过去式)
|
| I say, " Terry , please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here." |
[14:16] |
|
Terry:n.厚绒布;毛毛圈;adj.起毛毛圈的;
|
| (Laughter) |
[14:19] |
| '"Give me a break." |
[14:26] |
| (Laughter) |
[14:27] |
| Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing, if a tree falls in a forest and nobody hears it, did it happen? |
[14:29] |
|
philosophical:adj.哲学的(等于philosophic);冷静的;
|
| Remember that old chestnut ? |
[14:35] |
|
chestnut:n.栗树;栗子;板栗;深红棕色;adj.栗色的;红棕色的;
|
| I saw a great t-shirt recently, which said, "If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him, is he still wrong?" |
[14:36] |
| (Laughter) |
[14:44] |
| And the third thing about intelligence is, it's distinct . |
[14:51] |
|
distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
|
| I'm doing a new book at the moment called " Epiphany ," |
[14:55] |
|
Epiphany:对事物真谛的顿悟;
|
| which is based on a series of interviews with people about how they discovered their talent. |
[14:58] |
|
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; interviews:n.面试; v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈);
|
| I'm fascinated by how people got to be there. |
[15:02] |
| It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne. |
[15:04] |
|
prompted:v.促使;导致;提示;给(演员)提词;(prompt的过去分词和过去式)
|
| Have you heard of her? Some have. |
[15:10] |
| She's a choreographer , and everybody knows her work. |
[15:12] |
|
choreographer:n.编舞者,舞蹈指导;
|
| She did "Cats" and " Phantom of the Opera ." |
[15:15] |
|
Phantom:n.幽灵;幻影;虚位;adj.幽灵的;幻觉的;有名无实的; Opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本;
|
| She's wonderful. |
[15:17] |
| I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet , as you can see . |
[15:18] |
|
on the board:在董事会,将在会上讨论;在那块木板上; Royal:adj.国王的;女王的;皇家的;n.王室成员; Ballet:n.芭蕾舞;芭蕾舞团;芭蕾舞剧; as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
|
| Anyway, Gillian and I had lunch one day and I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?" |
[15:21] |
| It was interesting. |
[15:25] |
| When she was at school, she was really hopeless. |
[15:27] |
| And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said, "We think Gillian has a learning disorder ." |
[15:29] |
|
disorder:n.混乱;骚乱;vt.使失调;扰乱;
|
| She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting . |
[15:35] |
|
fidgeting:vi.烦躁;坐立不安;玩弄;n.烦躁;坐立不安;烦躁不安的人;vt.使不安;使烦乱;
|
| I think now they'd say she had ADHD. Wouldn't you? |
[15:37] |
| But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point. |
[15:40] |
| It wasn't an available condition. |
[15:44] |
| (Laughter) |
[15:47] |
| People weren't aware they could have that. |
[15:49] |
| (Laughter) |
[15:51] |
| Anyway, she went to see this specialist. |
[15:54] |
| So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother, and she was led and sat on this chair at the end, and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes while this man talked to her mother about the problems Gillian was having at school. |
[15:58] |
| Because she was disturbing people; her homework was always late; and so on, little kid of eight. |
[16:10] |
|
disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
|
| In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian, and said, "I've listened to all these things your mother's told me, |
[16:15] |
| I need to speak to her privately . |
[16:21] |
|
privately:adv.私下地;秘密地;
|
| Wait here. We'll be back; we won't be very long," |
[16:22] |
| and they went and left her. |
[16:25] |
| But as they went out of the room, he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk. |
[16:27] |
| And when they got out, he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her." |
[16:32] |
| And the minute they left the room, she was on her feet, moving to the music. |
[16:36] |
| And they watched for a few minutes and he turned to her mother and said, "Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick; she's a dancer. |
[16:41] |
| Take her to a dance school." |
[16:49] |
| I said, "What happened?" |
[16:51] |
| She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was. |
[16:53] |
| We walked in this room and it was full of people like me. |
[16:56] |
| People who couldn't sit still. |
[16:58] |
| People who had to move to think." Who had to move to think. |
[17:01] |
| They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary . |
[17:05] |
|
contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的;
|
| She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School; she became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet. |
[17:09] |
|
eventually:adv.最后,终于; auditioned:v.试演; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
|
| She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School, founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company, met Andrew Lloyd Webber . |
[17:15] |
|
Webber:n.网客;活跃在网络上的人;
|
| She's been responsible for some of the most successful musical theater productions in history, she's given pleasure to millions, and she's a multi-millionaire . |
[17:21] |
|
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; multi-millionaire:n.千万富翁;
|
| Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down. |
[17:29] |
|
medication:n.药;药物;
|
| (Applause) |
[17:33] |
| What I think it comes to is this: |
[17:40] |
| Al Gore spoke the other night about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson. |
[17:42] |
|
triggered:v.发动;引起;触发;开动;起动;(trigger的过去分词和过去式)
|
| I believe our only hope for the future is to adopt a new conception of human ecology, one in which we start to reconstitute our conception of the richness of human capacity. |
[17:49] |
|
adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始; reconstitute:v.重组;重新设立;使(脱水食物等)恢复原状;使还原; richness:n.丰富;富裕;肥沃;华美;
|
| Our education system has mined our minds in the way that we strip-mine the earth: for a particular commodity . |
[18:00] |
|
in the way:妨碍;挡道; strip-mine:vt.露天开采; commodity:n.商品,货物;日用品;
|
| And for the future, it won't serve us. |
[18:07] |
| We have to rethink the fundamental principles on which we're educating our children. |
[18:09] |
|
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
|
| There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said, "If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth, within 50 years all life on Earth would end. |
[18:14] |
|
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在;
|
| If all human beings disappeared from the Earth, within 50 years all forms of life would flourish ." |
[18:25] |
|
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词) flourish:n.兴旺; vt.夸耀; vi.繁荣,兴旺;
|
| And he's right. |
[18:32] |
| What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination . |
[18:34] |
|
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
|
| We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about. |
[18:38] |
|
avert:vt.避免,防止;转移; scenarios:n.情节;脚本;情景介绍(scenario的复数);
|
| And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities for the richness they are and seeing our children for the hope that they are. |
[18:46] |
| And our task is to educate their whole being, so they can face this future. |
[18:54] |
| By the way -- we may not see this future, but they will. |
[18:58] |
| And our job is to help them make something of it. |
[19:02] |
| Thank you very much. |
[19:05] |
| (Applause) |
[19:06] |