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SimonaFrancese_2018-_你指纹透露的信息超乎你的想象_
Do you ever stop and think, during a romantic dinner, "I've just left my fingerprints all over my wine glass ." 在进行浪漫晚餐的时候, 你们有没有停下来想想, “我刚在红酒杯上留满了指纹”。
romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人; fingerprints:n.[法][特医]指纹(fingerprint的复数); v.取…的指印(fingerprint的三单形式); wine glass:酒杯;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Or do you ever worry, when you visit a friend, about leaving a little piece of you behind on every surface that you touch? 或者你有没有担心,当你拜访朋友时, 在每一个触碰中留下的那一丝痕迹？
And even this evening, have you paid any attention to sit without touching anything? 即便今天晚上, 你们坐下时有没有留意不触碰任何东西？
Well, you're not alone. 好吧,并不只是你们如此。
Thankfully , criminals underestimate the power of fingerprints, too. 谢天谢地,犯罪分子也低估了指纹的力量。
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; underestimate:v.低估;看轻;n.低估;
And I'm not just talking about the twisted parting of lines that make our fingerprint unique . 我说的可不只是那一条条让我们的指纹 独一无二的扭曲线条。
twisted:adj.扭曲的; v.使弯曲,使扭曲; (twist的过去分词和过去式) unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
I'm talking about an entire world of information hiding in a small, often invisible thing. 我谈论的是整个隐藏在 微小,常常不可见的物体中的信息世界。
invisible:adj.看不见的;n.看不见的人或物;
In fact, fingerprints are made up of molecules that belong to three classes: sweat molecules that we all produce in very different amounts ... 事实上,组成指纹的分子 可以分为三大类: 我们产生的数量非常不同的汗液分子…
made up of:由…组成,由…构成; molecules:n.[化学]分子,微粒;[化学]摩尔(molecule的复数);
molecules that we introduce into our body and then we sweat out and molecules that we may contaminate our fingertips with when we come across substances like blood, paint, grease , but also invisible substances. 进入我们体内然后排出去的分子 和污染我们指尖的分子, 在我们遇到像血液,油漆,油脂那样的物质时, 但也有不可见的物质。
contaminate:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德); fingertips:n.指尖;(fingertip的复数) come across:偶然遇见;给人以…的印象; substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数); grease:v.涂脂于;贿赂;n.油脂;贿赂;
And molecules are the storytellers of who we are and what we've been up to. 分子是我们是谁 和我们一直所从事的事的说书人。
storytellers:n.说故事的人(storyteller的复数);
We just need to have the right technology to make them talk. 我们只是需要有合适技术让它们开口说话。
So let me take you on a journey of unthinkable capabilities. 所以,让我带你们踏上这段 不可思议的能力之旅。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; unthinkable:adj.不能想象的;过分的;
Katie has been raped and her lifeless body has been found in the woods three days later, after her disappearance . 凯蒂被强奸了, 她的尸体在她失踪后的三天 在树林里被发现。
raped:v.强奸;强暴(rape的过去分词和过去式) lifeless:adj.无生命的;死气沉沉的;无趣味的; disappearance:n.消失;不见;
The police is targeting three suspects , having narrowed down the search from over 20 men who had been seen in that area on the same day. 警方锁定了三个嫌疑人, 已从案发当天被目击路过那片区域的 超过20人中缩减而来。
suspects:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的第三人称单数)
The only piece of evidence is two very faint , overlapping fingerprints on the tape that was found wrapped around Katie's neck. 唯一的证据 是缠在凯蒂脖子的带子上面 发现的两个非常模糊的、重叠的指纹。
evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; faint:n.昏厥;v.昏厥;adj.昏眩;(光,声,味)微弱的;微小的;可能性不大的; overlapping:v.(物体)部分重叠,交叠;使部分重叠;(overlap的现在分词) wrapped:adj.极高兴的;十分满意的;v.用…包裹;用…缠绕;(wrap的过去分词和过去式)
Often, faint and overlapping fingerprints cannot help the police to make an identification . 通常情况下,模糊和重叠的指纹对警方鉴定 没有帮助。
identification:n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明;
And until recently , this might have been the end of the road, but this is where we can make the difference. 直至最近,这可能还是走不通, 但这是我们可以发挥作用的地方。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
The tape is sent to our labs , where we're asked to use our cutting-edge technology to help with the investigation. 带子送到了我们实验室, 我们被要求使用最尖端技术 来帮助调查。
labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数) cutting-edge technology:尖端技术;前沿的技术;
And here, we use an existing form of mass spectrometry imaging technology that we have further developed and adapted specifically for the molecular and imaging analysis of fingerprints. 在这里,我们使用了一种 现成的质谱成像技术, 我们已经专门针对指纹的 分子和成像分析做了进一步的开发和适配。
mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; spectrometry:n.[光][分化][物]光谱测定法,[光]度谱术; imaging:n.[物]成像;造像;v.反映;想像;作…的像;象征;(image的现在分词形式) adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; molecular:adj.[化学]分子的;由分子组成的; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定;
In essence , we fire a UV laser at the print, and we cause the desorption of the molecules from the print, ready to be captured by the mass spectrometer . 原理上,我们朝指纹发射一束紫外激光, 去引发指纹上的分子解吸, 为被质谱仪捕获做好准备。
In essence:本质上;其实;大体上; desorption:n.解吸;释放;[化]脱附;脱附作用; captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) spectrometer:n.[光]分光仪;
Mass spectrometry measures the weight of the molecules -- or as we say, the mass -- and those numbers that you see there, they indicate that mass. 质谱法测量分子的重量—— 或者如我们所说,质量—— 你看到的这些数字,它们表示质量。
indicate:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示;
But more crucially , they indicate who those molecules are -- whether I'm seeing paracetamol or something more sinister , forensically speaking. 但更关键的是, 它们表示这些分子是谁—— 我看到的是对乙酰氨基酚 或是从法医证物角度来说更罪恶的东西。
crucially:adv.关键地;至关重要地; paracetamol:n.[药]扑热息痛; sinister:adj.阴险的;凶兆的;灾难性的;左边的;
We applied this technology to the evidence that we have and we found the presence of condom lubricants . 我们对证物采用这个技术 并从中发现了避孕套的润滑剂。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; condom:n.避孕套;阴茎套; lubricants:n.润滑油(lubricant的复数);[机]润滑剂;
In fact, we've developed protocols that enable us to even suggest what brand of condom might have been used. 事实上,我们开发了一套流程让我们甚至可以知道 使用什么牌子的避孕套。
protocols:n.协议; v.拟定议定书; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印;
So we pass this information to the police, who, meanwhile , have obtained a search warrant and they found the same brand of condom in Dalton 's premises . 于是我们把这个信息传达给警方, 警方,同时已经取得了搜查证 并在道尔顿的房子里发现了 同样牌子的避孕套。
meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; obtained:v.获得(obtain的过去分词); search warrant:n.搜查证;搜查令; Dalton:n.道尔顿(英国化学家,物理学家); premises:n.营业场所;(企业的)房屋建筑及附属场地;(premise的复数)
And with Dalton and Thomson also having records for sexual assaults , then it is Chapman that may become the less likely suspect. 鉴于道尔顿和汤姆森也有性侵犯的记录, 那么,查普曼就不太可能成为嫌疑人。
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; assaults:n.攻击(assault的复数);vt.攻击;袭击(assault的第三人称单数); Chapman:n.叫卖小贩;商人;
But is this information enough to make an arrest? 但这个信息足够去逮捕人了吗？
Of course not, and we are asked to delve deeper with our investigation. 当然不够, 我们被要求深入我们的调查。
delve:vi.钻研;探究;挖;vt.钻研;探究;挖;n.穴;洞;
So we found out, also, the presence of other two very interesting molecules. 于是我们也发现了另外两个 非常有趣的分子的存在。
One is an antidepressant , and one is a very special molecule. 一种是抗抑郁药, 另一种是非常特殊的分子。
antidepressant:n.抗抑郁剂;adj.抗抑郁的(等于antidepressive);
It only forms in your body if you drink alcohol and consume cocaine at the same time . 如果你同时喝酒和吸食可卡因, 只会在你的身体中形成。
alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁; cocaine:n.[药]可卡因; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
And alcohol is known to potentiate the effects of cocaine, so here, we now have a hint on the state of mind of the individual whilst perpetrating the crime. 众所周知,酒精会增强可卡因的作用, 所以在这,我们现在有了一个 关于个人心理状态的提示。
potentiate:vt.加强;赋与力量;n.统治者; hint:n.提示;暗示;迹象;窍门;v.暗示;透露;示意; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; whilst:conj.同时;时时,有时;当…的时候; perpetrating:vt.犯(罪);做(恶);
We passed this information to the police, and they found out that, actually, Thomson is a drug addict , and he also has a medical record for psychotic episodes , for which presumably the antidepressant was prescribed . 我们把信息传递给警方, 他们发现,事实上汤姆森是个瘾君子, 而且他也有精神病发的医疗记录, 大概是用抗抑郁药开的处方。
addict:n.有瘾的人;入迷的人;v.使沉溺;使上瘾; psychotic:adj.精神病的;n.精神病患者;疯子; episodes:n.一段经历;片段,插曲;一集;(episode的复数) presumably:adv.大概;推测起来;可假定; prescribed:v.给…开(药); (prescribe的过去式和过去分词)
So now Thomson becomes the more likely suspect. 所以现在汤姆森成为了更有可能的嫌疑人。
But the reality is that I still don't know where these molecules are coming from, from which fingerprint, and who those two fingerprints belong to. 但事实是,我仍然不知道 这些分子是从哪里来的, 来自谁的指纹, 这两个指纹属于谁的。
Fear not. 不要害怕。
Mass spectrometry imaging can help us further. 质谱成像可以帮助我们更进一步。
In fact, the technology is so powerful that we can see where these molecules are on a fingerprint. 事实上,这个技术是如此强大 我们可以看到这些分子在指纹上的位置。
Like you see in this video, every single one of those peaks corresponds to a mass, every mass to a molecule, and we can interrogate the software, by selecting each of those molecules, as to where they are present on a fingermark . 如这个视频中所看到, 每一个波峰都对应一个质量, 每一个质量对应一个分子, 我们可以通过选择每一个分子,并查询这个软件, 来了解它们在一个手指上的位置。
peaks:n.山顶;峰巅(peak的复数); corresponds:v.相一致;符合;类似于;相当于;通信;(correspond的第三人称单数) interrogate:v.讯问;审问;盘问;查询; fingermark:n.指痕;指迹;
And some images are not very revealing , some are better, some are really good. 有些照片不能说明问题, 有些更好些, 有些真的很好。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) revealing:adj.暴露的;发人深省的;v.揭示;露出;显示;展示;(reveal的现在分词)
And we can create multiple images of the same mark -- in theory, hundreds of images of the same fingerprint -- for as many of the molecules that we have detected . 我们可以创建相同标记的多个图像—— 理论上,对于我们检测到的很多分子, 可以创建同个指纹的上百张图像。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; detected:v.发现;查明;侦察出;(detect的过去分词和过去式)
So step one ... 所以步骤1…
for overlapping fingerprints, chances are, especially if they come from different individuals , that the molecular composition is not identical , so let's ask the software to visualize those unique molecules just present in one fingermark and not in the other one. 对于重叠的指纹,很大可能性是, 特别是如果它们来自不同的个体, 分子组成是不一样的, 让我们让软件来可视化这些 只在一个手指上,而不在 另一个手指上的独特分子。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); composition:n.成分;作文;构成;创作; identical:adj.同一的;完全相同的;n.完全相同的事物; visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
By doing so, that's how we can separate the two ridge patterns. 这样做, 这就是我们如何分离这两种嵴线类型的方法。
ridge:n.山脊;山脉;屋脊;vt.使成脊状;作垄;vi.成脊状;
And this is really important because the police now are able to identify one of the two fingerprints, which actually corresponds to Katie. 这真是非常重要, 因为警察现在就可以鉴定两个指纹中的一个, 其中正好和凯蒂的是相对应的。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
And they've been able to say so because they've compared the two separate images with one taken posthumously from Katie. 他们现在可以这样说 是因为他们把这两张分开的图片 跟死后的凯蒂上拍到的做了对比。
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) posthumously:adv.于死后,于身后;于著作者死后出版地;
So now, we can concentrate on one fingerprint only -- that of the killer's. 所以现在,我们可以聚焦在只有一个指纹上了—— 属于凶手的。
concentrate on:集中精力于;全神贯注于;
So then, step two ... 然后,步骤2…
where are these three molecules that I've seen? 我所见过的这三个分子在哪里？
Well, let's interrogate the software -- show me where they are. 好吧,让我们来查一下软件—— 告诉我它们在哪里。
And by doing this, only portions of the image of the killer's fingerprint show up. 通过这样做, 只有凶手的部分指纹出现了。
portions:n.部分; v.把…分成若干份(或部分); (portion的第三人称单数和复数)
In other words, those substances are only present in the killer's print. 换句话说, 这些物质只存在于凶手的指纹中。
So now our molecular findings start matching very nicely the police intelligence about Thomson, should that fingerprint belong to him. 所以现在我们的分子发现开始很好地匹配 警察掌握的关于汤姆森的情报, 那指纹应该属于他。
findings:n.调查发现;判决;裁决;(finding的复数) nicely:adv.细致地;有吸引力;令人满意;令人愉快;adj.强健的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
But the reality is that that print is still not good enough to make an identification. 但事实是这个指纹仍然不够好 去做鉴定。
Step three: since we can generate hundreds of images of the same fingerprint, why don't we superimpose them, and by doing so, try to improve the rich pattern of continuity and clarity ? 步骤3: 既然我们可以生成数百张相同指纹的图像, 我们为什么不把它们叠加起来呢, 通过这样做, 试着改善连续性和清晰性的丰富模式。
generate:v.产生;引起; superimpose:vt.添加;重叠;附加;安装; improve:v.改进;改善; continuity:n.连续性;一连串;分镜头剧本; clarity:n.清楚,明晰;透明;
That's the result. 这就是结果。
Striking. 非常惊人。
We now have a very clear image of the fingerprint and the police can run it through the database. 我们现在有了指纹的清晰图像, 警察已经可以在数据库中检索了。
The match comes out to Thomson. 匹配结果显示是汤姆森。
Thomson is our killer. 汤姆森就是凶手。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Katie, the suspects and the circumstances of the crime aren't real, but the story contains elements of the real police casework we've been confronted with, 凯蒂、犯罪嫌疑人和犯罪现场都不是真实的, 但这个故事包含了 我们所遇到的真正的警察案件的元素,
circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数) elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) casework:n.社会福利机构的调查;生活环境调查; confronted:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的过去分词和过去式)
and is a composite of the intelligence that we can provide -- that we have been able to provide the police. 而这也包含了我们所能提供给警察的 情报信息的组合。
composite:n.复合材料;合成物;菊科;adj.复合的;合成的;菊科的;vt.使合成;使混合;
And I'm really, really thrilled that after nine years of intense research, as of 2017, we are able to contribute to police investigations . 在9年的深入研究后,我真的真的非常激动, 在2017年, 我们能够对警方的调查做出贡献。
thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的; contribute to:有助于;捐献; investigations:n.调查(investigation的复数);
Mine is no longer a dream; it's a goal. 我的梦想不再是梦想; 它是个目标。
We're going to do this wider and wider, bigger and bigger, and we're going to know more about the suspect, and we're going to build an identikit . 我们要做得越来越广, 越来越大, 我们要了解更多嫌疑人的信息, 我们要建立一个身份证明。
identikit:n.(供证人辨认罪犯的)人象拼片; adj.(用旧材料)拼凑成的;
I believe this is also a new era for criminal profiling . 我相信这也是犯罪档案的新时代。
profiling:n.资料搜集;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;(profile的现在分词)
The work of the criminologist draws on the expert recognition of behavioral patterns that have been observed before to belong to a certain type, to a certain profile . 犯罪学家的工作 利用了将过去观察过的行为模式 归属于特定类型和画像 的专家认可。
criminologist:n.犯罪学者;刑事学家; recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; behavioral:adj.行为的; observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); profile:n.轮廓;简介;形象;外形;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;
As opposed to this expert but subjective evaluation , we're trying to do the same thing, but from the molecular makeup of the fingerprint, and the two can work together. 相对于专家这种主观评估, 我们在试图做同样的事情, 但从指纹的分子结构去看, 这两者可以一起工作。
opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) subjective:adj.主观的;个人的;自觉的; evaluation:n.评价;[审计]评估;估价;求值; makeup:n.化妆品;组成;补充;补考;
I did say that molecules are storytellers, so information on your health, your actions, your lifestyle, your routines, they're all there, accessible in a fingerprint. 我说过分子是讲故事的, 所以关于你的健康信息, 你的行为,你的生活形态,你的日常生活, 它们全在那里, 可通过指纹获取。
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
And molecules are the storytellers of our secrets in just a touch. 只需轻轻触碰,分子是 我们秘密的说书人。
Thank you. 谢谢
(Audience) Wow. （观众）哇。
(Applause) （掌声）