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SimonAnholt_2014S-_哪个国家对世界最有益_
I've been thinking a lot about the world recently and how it's changed over the last 20, 30, 40 years. 最近我常常思考我们的世界 以及它在过去的20,30,40年里经历了何等的转变
recently:adv.最近;新近;
Twenty or 30 years ago, if a chicken caught a cold and sneezed and died in a remote village in East Asia, it would have been a tragedy for the chicken and its closest relatives , but I don't think there was much possibility of us fearing a global pandemic and the deaths of millions. 20或30年前, 如果在东亚一个遥远村落里,一只鸡 患了感冒,打个喷嚏然后死了, 对那只鸡和它的近亲来说 可能是个灾难, 但我想我们不太可能会 因此而担心全球流行病 和数百万人的死亡。
sneezed:v.打喷嚏;(sneeze的过去分词和过去式) remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品; relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数) global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病;
Twenty or 30 years ago, if a bank in North America lent too much money to some people who couldn't afford to pay it back and the bank went bust , that was bad for the lender and bad for the borrower , but we didn't imagine it would bring the global economic system to its knees for nearly a decade. 20或30年前,如果北美的一家银行 借出了太多钱 给那些无力偿还的人 并因此而倒闭了, 只是借贷双方 运气不好而已, 但我们不会想到 这会给全球经济系统带来 将近10年的瘫痪期。
North America:n.北美洲; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; bust:n.(石或金属的)半身像; v.打破; adj.破碎; lender:n.贷方;[金融]出借人; borrower:n.剽窃者,借用人; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
This is globalization . 这就是全球化。
globalization:n.全球化;
This is the miracle that has enabled us to transship our bodies and our minds and our words and our pictures and our ideas and our teaching and our learning around the planet ever faster and ever cheaper. 这就是奇迹,它已经让 我们的身体,我们的头脑、 我们的语言、图像以及我们的思想、 还有我们的教育和学习都围绕这个星球 运转得更快、成本更低。
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例; enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式) transship:vt.转运,转送;把…转载他船;vi.换船;
It's brought a lot of bad stuff , like the stuff that I just described , but it's also brought a lot of good stuff. 它带来很多坏事, 比如我刚才举的例子。 但它也带来许多好事。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
A lot of us are not aware of the extraordinary successes of the Millennium Development Goals, several of which have achieved their targets long before the due date. 我们当中很多人并不了解 千禧年发展目标取得了非凡的成就, 有几个远在截止日期之前 就完成了预定目标。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; Millennium:n.千年期,千禧年;一千年,千年纪念;太平盛世,黄金时代;
That proves that this species of humanity is capable of achieving extraordinary progress if it really acts together and it really tries hard. 这证明了人类这个物种 能够取得超凡的进展, 如果我们真正地一起合作并努力的话。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
But if I had to put it in a nutshell these days, 但如果我简明扼要地说,
in a nutshell:极简单地;简言之;简而言之;总而言之;
I sort of feel that globalization has taken us by surprise, and we've been slow to respond to it. 我觉得全球化有点儿 让我们措手不及, 我们对它的回应太慢了。
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
If you look at the downside of globalization, it really does seem to be sometimes overwhelming . 如果你看看全球化的负面影响, 有时候的确有点儿难以应付。
downside:n.下降趋势;底侧;adj.底侧的; overwhelming:adj.势不可挡的; v.压倒; (overwhelm的现在分词)
All of the grand challenges that we face today, like climate change and human rights and demographics and terrorism and pandemics and narco-trafficking and human slavery and species loss, I could go on, we're not making an awful lot of progress against an awful lot of those challenges. 今天我们面对的所有重大挑战, 像气候变化或人权问题 还有人口问题、恐怖主义和流行病 还有毒品走私和奴隶贩卖 以及物种灭绝,我可以一直说下去, 我们在这么多可怕的挑战面前 并没有取得多么重大进展。
demographics:n.人口统计资料; terrorism:n.恐怖主义; pandemics:大流行;流行病; slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的;
So in a nutshell, that's the challenge that we all face today at this interesting point in history. 所以简单来说, 这就是我们所有人今天面临的挑战, 在这个有意思的历史时期。
That's clearly what we've got to do next. 这很明显是我们接下来要做的。
We've somehow got to get our act together and we've got to figure out how to globalize the solutions better so that we don't simply become a species which is the victim of the globalization of problems. 我们要设法共同行动起来 我们要想办法如何更好的 解决全球化的问题 以至于我们不会沦为 全球化问题中受害的一个种群。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; globalize:vt.使全球化; victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者;
Why are we so slow at achieving these advances? 为什么我们取得进展的速度如此缓慢？
What's the reason for it? 原因是什么？
Well, there are, of course, a number of reasons, but perhaps the primary reason is because we're still organized as a species in the same way that we were organized 200 or 300 years ago. 当然,这有许多原因。 但也许最首要的原因 是我们这个物种的机构组成 与200或300年前的 还是一样。
organized:adj.有组织的; v.组织; (organize的过去分词和过去式)
There's one superpower left on the planet and that is the seven billion people, the seven billion of us who cause all these problems, the same seven billion, by the way , who will resolve them all. 目前世界上只有一个超能力 那就是这7亿人口, 我们这7亿人,造成了所有这些问题, 但同样的7亿人, 也要解决这些问题。
superpower:n.超级大国;超级强权; by the way:顺便说一下; resolve:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决;
But how are those seven billion organized? 但这7亿人是怎么组织起来的呢？
They're still organized in 200 or so nation-states , and the nations have governments that make rules and cause us to behave in certain ways. 他们还是由200多个国家或者多民族国家组成, 国家都有政府 颁布法律 并要求我们遵守一定的准则。
nation-states:n.民族国家;单一民族国家(nation-state的复数形式); behave:v.表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用;
And that's a pretty efficient system, but the problem is that the way that those laws are made and the way those governments think is absolutely wrong for the solution of global problems, because it all looks inwards . 这是一个相当有效的体制, 但问题是这些法律的形成 以及政府思考问题的方式 在解决全球问题上是完全错误的, 因为它只看到国内。
efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; inwards:adv.向内地;向中心地;
The politicians that we elect and the politicians we don't elect, on the whole , have minds that microscope . 我们选举出来的政治家 还有我们没选的政治家,总体来说, 他们的思维方式都是显微镜式的。
politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) on the whole:基本上,大体上;就全体而论; microscope:n.显微镜;
They don't have minds that telescope . 他们没有望远镜式的思维。
telescope:n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短;精简;
They look in. They pretend, they behave, as if they believed that every country was an island that existed quite happily, independently of all the others on its own little planet in its own little solar system . 他们只看国内。当他们行作起来的时候就假装 他们在相信好像每个国家都是一座岛屿 独立而快乐地 存在于自己的小星球 于他国不无相干, 而是在自己的太阳系里。
independently:adv.独立地;自立地; solar system:[天]太阳系;
This is the problem: countries competing against each other, countries fighting against each other. 这就是问题所在: 国家间互相竞争, 国家间互相征战,
competing:adj.相互冲突的;相互矛盾的;v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛;(compete的现在分词)
This week, as any week you care to look at, you'll find people actually trying to kill each other from country to country, but even when that's not going on, there's competition between countries, each one trying to shaft the next. 这周,或任何一周,如果你认真看的话, 你会发现一个国家和另一个国家的人民在互相残杀, 就算没有战争, 国家之间也在互相竞争, 每个国家都试图把别国挤下去。
competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; shaft:n.拍杆;[机]轴;箭杆;杆状物;v.利用;在…上装杆;
This is clearly not a good arrangement . 这明显不是个良好的形势。
arrangement:n.安排;筹备;布置;商定;约定;改编乐曲;
We clearly need to change it. 我们明显需要改变现状。
We clearly need to find ways of encouraging countries to start working together a little bit better. 我们明显需要找到一些方式 以鼓励国家之间可以 共同合作得更好。
And why won't they do that? 但他们为什么不这么做呢？
Why is it that our leaders still persist in looking inwards? 为什么我们的领袖还坚持只看着自己呢？
persist in:坚持;固执于;
Well, the first and most obvious reason is because that's what we ask them to do. 最主要和最明显的理由 就是因为那是我们要求他们这么做的。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
That's what we tell them to do. 这是我们叫他们做的。
When we elect governments or when we tolerate unelected governments, we're effectively telling them that what we want is for them to deliver us in our country a certain number of things. 当我们选举政府的时候 或当我们容忍我们没有选的政府的时候, 我们就是在告诉他们我们想要的 就是让他们在我们的国家 带来一系列的举措。
tolerate:v.容忍;忍受;容许;包容; unelected:adj.未经选举的;
We want them to deliver prosperity , growth, competitiveness , transparency , justice and all of those things. 我们希望他们带来繁荣、 发展、竞争力、透明度、正义, 和所有这些事情。
prosperity:n.繁荣,成功; competitiveness:n.竞争力,好竞争; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
So unless we start asking our governments to think outside a little bit, to consider the global problems that will finish us all if we don't start considering them, then we can hardly blame them if what they carry on doing is looking inwards, if they still have minds that microscope rather than minds that telescope. 所以除非我们要求政府 看远一点, 考虑一下那些会毁灭我们的全球问题, 如果我们不开始考虑这些事情的话, 那么我们难以指责他们 如果他们继续只是关注国家内部的话, 如果他们依然只有显微镜的头脑 而没有望远镜头脑的话。
That's the first reason why things tend not to change. 这是第一个为什么事情很难改变的原因。
The second reason is that these governments, just like all the rest of us, are cultural psychopaths . 第二个原因是这些政府 就像我们一样, 是文化精神变态。
all the rest:其他所有相关信息; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; psychopaths:n.心理病态性格;精神病者(psychopath的复数);
I don't mean to be rude, but you know what a psychopath is. 我并非要无礼, 但你知道精神变态是什么。
A psychopath is a person who, unfortunately for him or her, lacks the ability to really empathize with other human beings. 一个精神变态者 对他／她来说很不幸的, 是缺乏 对其他人类真正的同情能力。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; empathize:vt.移情;神会;
When they look around, they don't see other human beings with deep, rich, three-dimensional personal lives and aims and ambitions . 当他们四下环顾, 他们看到的不是 有深度的、内心丰富的、三维的人生 以及梦想和雄心。
three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; ambitions:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;(ambition的复数)
What they see is cardboard cutouts , and it's very sad and it's very lonely, and it's very rare, fortunately. 他们看到的是纸片人, 这其实是非常可悲及孤独的, 但可幸的是这种情况很少见。
cardboard:n.[纸]硬纸板;纸板箱;卡纸板;adj.不真实的;硬纸板制的; cutouts:n.布或纸上剪下的图案花样;排气阀;保险开关;
But actually, aren't most of us not really so very good at empathy ? 但事实上,我们大多数人 难道不是缺乏同情心吗？
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着;
Oh sure, we're very good at empathy when it's a question of dealing with people who kind of look like us and kind of walk and talk and eat and pray and wear like us, but when it comes to people who don't do that, who don't quite dress like us and don't quite pray like us and don't quite talk like us, do we not also have a tendency to see them ever so slightly as cardboard cutouts too? 当然,我们非常有同情心 当问题出在那些 跟我们长得差不多 走路、说话和祈祷的方式差不多 衣着也差不多的人, 但当问题出在那些不那样做的人, 那些跟我们衣着不同的人, 祈祷方式不同的人, 说话方式不同的人, 我们岂不是倾向于 把他们当成纸片人吗？
tendency:n.倾向,趋势;癖好; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
And this is a question we need to ask ourselves. 这是我们需要问自己的问题。
I think constantly we have to monitor it. 我认为我们需要不断地监督自己。
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地;
Are we and our politicians to a degree cultural psychopaths? 我们和我们的政党某个程度上 是不是文化精神变态？
The third reason is hardly worth mentioning because it's so silly, but there's a belief amongst governments that the domestic agenda and the international agenda are incompatible and always will be. 第三个原因都不值一提 因为它太白痴了, 但政府间有一种想法, 那就是国内事务 和国际事务 是不兼容的,并会一直如此。
amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among); domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; agenda:n.议事日程; incompatible:adj.不相容的;矛盾的;不能同时成立的;n.互不相容的人或事物;
This is just nonsense . 这是无稽之谈。
nonsense:n.胡说;废话;adj.荒谬的;int.胡说;
In my day job, I'm a policy adviser . 我的工作是政策顾问。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; adviser:n.顾问;劝告者;指导教师(等于advisor);
I've spent the last 15 years or so advising governments around the world, and in all of that time I have never once seen a single domestic policy issue that could not be more imaginatively , effectively and rapidly resolved than by treating it as an international problem, looking at the international context , comparing what others have done, bringing in others, working externally instead of working internally . 我过去的15年左右 都在世界各国的政府里做顾问, 整个这段时间我从没见过 任何一个国家政策问题 会不比国际问题 能够更具想像力的、 高效并快捷的解决了。 看看国际大环境, 比较其他国家是怎么做的, 请别人进来,外部合作 而不只是内部工作。
advising:v.劝告;忠告;建议;通知;(advise的现在分词) issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; imaginatively:adv.想象上地; resolved:adj.下定决心; v.解决; (resolve的过去分词和过去式) treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词) context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) externally:adv.外部地;外表上,外形上; internally:adv.内部地;国内地;内在地;
And so you may say, well, given all of that, why then doesn't it work? 你可能说,就算这样, 为什么不奏效呢？
Why can we not make our politicians change? 为什么我们无法让政党改变？
Why can't we demand them? 为什么我们无法要求他们？
Well I, like a lot of us, spend a lot of time complaining about how hard it is to make people change, and I don't think we should fuss about it. 我,就像我们中间许多人,花很多时间抱怨 让人改变有多困难。 我不认为我们应该对此小题大作。
complaining:adj.抱怨的;v.抱怨;控诉;(complain的现在分词) fuss:n.大惊小怪; v.瞎忙一气; (为小事)烦恼;
I think we should just accept that we are an inherently conservative species. 我觉得我们应该接受 我们是天生非常保守的种类。
inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地; conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者;
We don't like to change. 我们不喜欢改变。
It exists for very sensible evolutionary reasons. 这种现状的存在是因为非常合理的进化原因
sensible:adj.明智的; n.可感觉到的东西; evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的;
We probably wouldn't still be here today if we weren't so resistant to change. 如果我们不是如此顽固执守的话, 我们今天很可能不会在这里。
resistant:adj.抵抗的,反抗的;顽固的;n.抵抗者;
It's very simple: Many thousands of years ago, we discovered that if we carried on doing the same things, we wouldn't die, because the things that we've done before by definition didn't kill us, and therefore as long as we carry on doing them, we'll be okay, and it's very sensible not to do anything new, because it might kill you. 很简单:几千年前, 我们发现如果我们继续 做同样的事情,我们就死不了。 因为我们以前所做的, 肯定让我们生存下去, 所以只要我们继续这么做, 我们就没事, 不去尝试新事物是很合理的, 因为新事物可能会杀了你。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
But of course, there are exceptions to that. 但当然,也有例外。
Otherwise, we'd never get anywhere. 不然我们就无法前进。
And one of the exceptions, the interesting exception , is when you can show to people that there might be some self-interest in them making that leap of faith and changing a little bit. 一个有趣的例外 是当你告诉别人 满怀信心 并做出一些改变 是对他们自身有利的时候。
exception:n.例外;异议; self-interest:n.私利;利己主义; leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
So I've spent a lot of the last 10 or 15 years trying to find out what could be that self-interest that would encourage not just politicians but also businesses and general populations, 所以我在过去的10到15年里 试图找到那个 可以鼓励不仅是政治家 也包括商家和大众的自身利益是什么,
all of us, to start to think a little more outwardly , to think in a bigger picture, not always to look inwards, sometimes to look outwards . 我们所有人,开始一点点往远看, 想想大局, 不要总是只顾自己,偶尔也向外（世界）看看。
outwardly:adv.表面上;向外;外观上地; outwards:adv.向外地;
And this is where I discovered something quite important. 这时我发现了 一件相当重要的事。
In 2005, I launched a study called the Nation Brands Index . 2005年,我展开了一项研究 称为“国家品牌指数”。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) Brands:n.品牌;烙印(brand的复数);v.加商标于;铭刻于(brand的第三人称单数); Index:n.指标;指数;索引;指针;v.做索引;指出;编入索引中;
What it is, it's a very large-scale study that polls a very large sample of the world's population, a sample that represents about 70 percent of the planet's population, and I started asking them a series of questions about how they perceive other countries. 这是一个非常庞大的调查 它从世界人口范围取出庞大样品数据 这个样本代表了 地球人口的70%, 我开始问他们一系列的问题 关于他们是如何看待自己国家的。
large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式); represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为;
And the Nation Brands Index over the years has grown to be a very, very large database. 多年来国家品牌指数 变成了一个非常非常庞大的数据库。
It's about 200 billion data points tracking what ordinary people think about other countries and why. 它具有大概两千亿数据点 记载了常人是如何看待他们国家的 以及为什么。
tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
Why did I do this? Well, because the governments that I advise are very, very keen on knowing how they are regarded. 为什么我要做这件事呢？因为我做顾问的政府 非常非常想要知道 他们是如何被看待的。
keen:adj.敏锐的,敏捷的;渴望的;强烈的;热心的;锐利的;n.痛哭,挽歌;
They've known, partly because 他们已经了解到,一半是出于
I've encouraged them to realize it, that countries depend enormously on their reputations in order to survive and prosper in the world. 我鼓励他们来意识到 国家很大程度上 取决于他们的声誉 来决定他们在世界中的生存及繁荣。
enormously:adv.巨大地,庞大地;非常地,在极大程度上;
If a country has a great, positive image, like Germany has or Sweden or Switzerland, everything is easy and everything is cheap. 如果一个国家有很伟大很正面的形象, 像德国、瑞典或瑞士, 所有事情就很容易而东西也会很便宜。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
You get more tourists. You get more investors. 你能得到游客,你能得到投资商。
You sell your products more expensively . 你可以高价卖出你的商品。
expensively:adv.昂贵地;乱花钱地;
If, on the other hand , you have a country with a very weak or a very negative image, everything is difficult and everything is expensive. 另一方面,如果你的国家 有一个非常弱或负面的形象, 所有事情就变得困难而且东西昂贵。
on the other hand:另一方面; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
So governments care desperately about the image of their country, because it makes a direct difference to how much money they can make, and that's what they've promised their populations they're going to deliver. 所以政府极度关注 国家的形象。 因为它直接影响到 他们能挣多少钱, 这也是他们向国民所承诺的 他们将给予的。
desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
So a couple of years ago, I thought I would take some time out and speak to that gigantic database and ask it, why do some people prefer one country more than another? 所以几年以后,我认为我可以 抽出些时间来跟那个庞大的数据库聊聊 问问它, 为什么有些人更喜欢一个国家 相比于另一个国家？
gigantic:adj.巨大的,庞大的; prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
And the answer that the database gave me completely staggered me. 数据库给我的答案 完全出乎我的意料。
staggered:adj.错列的;吃惊的;v.蹒跚(stagger的过去式和过去分词);
It was 6.8. 答案是6.8。
I haven't got time to explain in detail. 我没时间解释详情。
Basically what it told me was — 基本上它告诉我的是——
Basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
(Laughter) (Applause) — the kinds of countries we prefer are good countries. （笑声）（掌声）—— 我们喜欢的国家是好国家。
We don't admire countries primarily because they're rich, because they're powerful, because they're successful, because they're modern, because they're technologically advanced . 我们不会因为有些国家富有而爱慕它们, 或因为它们有权势,因为它们成功, 因为他们现代化,因为他们有先进的科技。
primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上; technologically:adv.科技地;技术上地; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式)
We primarily admire countries that are good. 我们爱慕一个国家因为它们好。
What do we mean by good? “好”是什么意思？
We mean countries that seem to contribute something to the world in which we live, countries that actually make the world safer or better or richer or fairer. 我们指的是那些国家 对我们所居住的世界作出了贡献。 那些让世界更安全 或更好或富有或更公平的国家。
contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;
Those are the countries we like. 这些是我们喜欢的国家。
This is a discovery of significant importance — you see where I'm going — because it squares the circle. 这是一个有重大意义的发现—— 你知道我要说什么了—— 因为它解释了一切。
significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物;
I can now say, and often do, to any government, in order to do well, you need to do good. 我现在可以说,而且经常说,对任何政府, 想要做得好,就要做好事。
If you want to sell more products, if you want to get more investment , if you want to become more competitive, then you need to start behaving , because that's why people will respect you and do business with you, and therefore, the more you collaborate , the more competitive you become. 如果你想卖更多产品, 如果你想得到更多投资, 如果你想变得更有竞争力, 那你就得开始好好表现, 这样人们才会尊重你 与你展开商务往来, 因此,你合作得越多, 你就越有竞争力。
investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; behaving:v.表现:表现得体:有礼貌:(behave的现在分词) collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌;
This is quite an important discovery, and as soon as I discovered this, 这是一个相当重要的发现。 我一发现这一点,
as soon as:一…就;
I felt another index coming on. 我感到另一个指数的必要性。
I swear that as I get older, my ideas become simpler and more and more childish . 我发誓我年龄越大,我的想法就越简单 也会越孩子气。
childish:adj.幼稚的,孩子气的;
This one is called the Good Country Index, and it does exactly what it says on the tin. 这个指数叫好国家指数。 它所做的完全是它的字面意思。
It measures, or at least it tries to measure, exactly how much each country on Earth contributes not to its own population but to the rest of humanity. 它衡量,起码试图衡量, 地球上每个国家到底贡献了多少 不是对它本身的国民而是其余的人类。
contributes:[图情]投稿;[经]捐助;[经]捐献(contribute的第三人称单数);
Bizarrely , nobody had ever thought of measuring this before. 奇怪的是,从来没有人想过 要来衡量这个。
Bizarrely:adv.奇形怪状地;怪诞地;
So my colleague Dr. Robert Govers and I have spent the best part of the last two years, with the help of a large number of very serious and clever people, 我的同事Robert Govers博士和我花了 过去两年的大部分时间, 在许多非常认真而聪明的人们的帮助下,
colleague:n.同事,同僚;
cramming together all the reliable data in the world we could find about what countries give to the world. 搜集了世界上所有 我们能找到的或国家愿意向世界提供 的数据。
cramming:v.把…塞进;塞满;(为应考)临时死记硬背;(cram的现在分词) reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的;
And you're waiting for me to tell you which one comes top. 你在等我告诉你哪个国家是第一名。
And I'm going to tell you, but first of all I want to tell you precisely what I mean when I say a good country. 我会告诉你, 但首先让我告诉你 我对于一个好国家 的精确定义是什么。
first of all:adv.首先;
I do not mean morally good. 我并不是说道德上的好。
morally:adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地;
When I say that Country X is the goodest country on Earth, and I mean goodest, I don't mean best. 当我说某国家 是世界上最好的国家, 而且我说的是最好(goodest),而不是最优秀的(best)。
Best is something different. 最优秀(best)是另一个意思。
When you're talking about a good country, you can be good, gooder and goodest. 当你说一个国家是好国家, 你可以是好的,更好的,和最好的。
gooder:n.受人尊敬的人(或事);
It's not the same thing as good, better and best. 它与优秀的,更优秀的,和最优秀的不同。
This is a country which simply gives more to humanity than any other country. 这是一个单纯贡献更多 为人类和其他国家的国家。
I don't talk about how they behave at home because that's measured elsewhere . 我不是说它们在家的行为如何, 因为那是用其他东西来衡量的。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式) elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
And the winner is 优胜者是
Ireland. 爱尔兰。
(Applause) （掌声）
According to the data here, no country on Earth, per head of population, per dollar of GDP, contributes more to the world that we live in than Ireland. 根据数据, 世界上没有任何一个国家,平均每个人, 国内生产总值的每块钱,比爱尔兰 给予世界的更多。
According to:根据,据说;
What does this mean? 这意味着什么？
This means that as we go to sleep at night, all of us in the last 15 seconds before we drift off to sleep, our final thought should be, godammit, I'm glad that Ireland exists. 这意味着每晚我们睡前, 我们所有人在睡前的15秒钟, 我们最后的一个想法应该是, 该死的,我真为爱尔兰的存在感到庆幸。
drift:v.漂移;漂流;飘;缓缓移动;n.趋势;大意;要点;流动;
(Laughter) （笑声）
In the depths of a very severe economic recession , 在每场剧烈的经济萧条期,
severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; recession:n.经济衰退;经济萎缩;退后;撤回;
I think that there's a really important lesson there, that if you can remember your international obligations whilst you are trying to rebuild your own economy , that's really something. 我想这都是一个重要的功课, 如果你能记得你的国际责任, 在你重建本国经济的同时, 那是件了不起的事。
obligations:n.[法]义务;债务;承付款项(obligation的复数); whilst:conj.同时;时时,有时;当…的时候; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
Finland ranks pretty much the same. 芬兰排名差不太多。
The only reason why it's below Ireland is because its lowest score is lower than Ireland's lowest score. 它之所以排在爱尔兰之后 是因为它的最低分比爱尔兰的最低分低。
Now the other thing you'll notice about the top 10 there is, of course, they're all, apart from New Zealand , 另外一件你注意到的前十名的事情是 当然,除了新西兰以外,它们都是
Zealand:西兰岛(丹麦最大的岛)
Western European nations. 欧州国家。
They're also all rich. 它们也很富有。
This depressed me, because one of the things that I did not want to discover with this index is that it's purely the province of rich countries to help poor countries. 这让我很沮丧, 因为我不想在这套数据中 发现 纯粹是富国 在帮助穷国。
depressed:adj.沮丧的; v.使抑郁; (depress的过去式和过去分词) purely:adv.完全;仅仅;
This is not what it's all about. 这不是这个指数的含义。
And indeed, if you look further down the list, 的确,如果你继续往下看名单,
I don't have the slide here, you will see something that made me very happy indeed, that Kenya is in the top 30, and that demonstrates one very, very important thing. 我并没有幻灯片,但你会发现 一些让我非常愉快但事情, 肯尼亚在前30名里, 这表明了一件非常非常重要但事情。
demonstrates:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;演示;(demonstrate的第三人称单数)
This is not about money. 这与钱无关。
This is about attitude . 这是态度问题。
attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
This is about culture. 这是文化问题。
This is about a government and a people that care about the rest of the world and have the imagination and the courage to think outwards instead of only thinking selfishly . 这是那些政府和人民 他们关注世界其他地区 并有想像力及勇气 去向外看而不只是自私的考虑自己。
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; selfishly:adv.自私地;
I'm going to whip through the other slides just so you can see some of the lower-lying countries. 我会很快的略过其他幻灯片 为了让你看到一些排在后面的国家。
whip:n.鞭子; v.鞭打; lower-lying:低洼土壤;
There's Germany at 13th, the U.S. comes 21st, 德国第13,美国第21,
Mexico comes 66th, and then we have some of the big developing countries, like Russia at 95th, China at 107th. 墨西哥第66, 然后我们看到一些发展中国家, 俄国第95,中国107。
Countries like China and Russia and India, which is down in the same part of the index, well, in some ways, it's not surprising. 像中国、俄国、印度这样的国家, 大概在排名在差不多的位置, 从某种意义上来说并不让人吃惊。
They've spent a great deal of time over the last decades building their own economy, building their own society and their own polity, but it is to be hoped that the second phase of their growth will be somewhat more outward-looking than the first phase has been so far. 他们花很多时间 在过去的几十年中建立自己的经济系统, 建立他们自己的社会和体系, 但我们希望是, 他们发展的第二个阶段 能够比第一阶段 更看得远。
a great deal of:大量; phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做; somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微;
And then you can break down each country in terms of the actual datasets that build into it. 然后你可以将每个国家 按实际多数据集分开看。
datasets:n.数据集;数据集集合;数据集对象(dataset的复数形式);
I'll allow you to do that. 我会让你这么做。
From midnight tonight it's going to be on goodcountry.org, and you can look at the country. 从今天半夜开始它会在goodcountry.org上, 你可以看看每个国家。
You can look right down to the level of the individual datasets. 你可以直接看到每个层次的单个数据集。
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
Now that's the Good Country Index. 这就是好国家指数。
What's it there for? 它有什么目的？
Well, it's there really because I want to try to introduce this word, or reintroduce this word, into the discourse . 它存在的目的是因为我想尝试 想介绍这个词, 或重新介绍这个词,在我们的语境中。
reintroduce:vt.再引入;再提出;再介绍; discourse:n.论述;谈话;演讲;vi.演说;谈论;讲述;vt.说出;演奏出;
I've had enough hearing about competitive countries. 我已经听够了有竞争力的国家。
I've had enough hearing about prosperous , wealthy, fast-growing countries. 我听够了 繁荣、富有、发展迅速的国家。
prosperous:adj.繁荣的;兴旺的; fast-growing:adj.生长迅速的;发育快的;
I've even had enough hearing about happy countries because in the end that's still selfish. 我甚至听够了快乐的国家 因为说到底这都是自私的。
That's still about us, and if we carry on thinking about us, we are in deep, deep trouble. 都是关乎我们自己。 如果我们继续地考虑自己, 我们就有大麻烦了。
I think we all know what it is that we want to hear about. 我想我们都知道 我们想听到什么。
We want to hear about good countries, and so I want to ask you all a favor. 我们想听到关于好国家, 所以我想请求你一件事。
I'm not asking a lot. 我所要求的不多。
It's something that you might find easy to do and you might even find enjoyable and even helpful to do, and that's simply to start using the word good in this context. 对你来说可能很容易 你可能也会觉得做这件事很高兴 甚至很有帮助, 那就是单纯地开始使用“好”这个词 在这个大环境中。
enjoyable:adj.快乐的;令人愉快的;
When you think about your own country, when you think about other people's countries, when you think about companies, when you talk about the world that we live in today, start using that word in the way that I've talked about this evening. 当你想到你自己的国家, 当你想到其他人的国家, 当你想到公司, 当你谈论我们如今所居住的世界, 开始用这个词 而且是用我们今晚谈论的方式使用。
in the way:妨碍;挡道;
Not good, the opposite of bad, because that's an argument that never finishes. 不是“坏”的反义词“好”, 因为这是一个永无完结的争论。
Good, the opposite of selfish, good being a country that thinks about all of us. 是“自私”的反义词“好”, 好的意思是这个国家为所有人考虑。
That's what I would like you to do, and I'd like you to use it as a stick with which to beat your politicians. 这是我希望你做的, 我希望你用它当一根棍子 来鞭策你的政党。
When you elect them, when you reelect them, when you vote for them, when you listen to what they're offering you, use that word, good, and ask yourself, 当你选举他们或重选他们的时候, 当你为他们投票,听他们说 他们能给你带来什么的时候, 用“好”这个词, 并问你自己,
reelect:v.[政]重选;改造;
Is that what a good country would do? “这是一个好国家会做的事吗？”
And if the answer is no, be very suspicious . 如果答案是不,那就要持怀疑态度。
suspicious:adj.可疑的;怀疑的;多疑的;
Ask yourself, is that the behavior of my country? 问你自己,这种行为 是我的国家该有的吗？
Do I want to come from a country where the government, in my name, is doing things like that? 我愿意来自于一个 政府以我的名义 做这种事情的国家吗？
Or do I, on the other hand, prefer the idea of walking around the world with my head held high thinking, Yeah, 或者我,从另一方面来说, 更喜欢在周游世界的时候 可以抬头挺胸的说,“是的,
I'm proud to come from a good country? 我很自豪的来自于一个好国家“？
And everybody will welcome you. 每个人都会欢迎你。
And everybody in the last 15 seconds before they drift off to sleep at night will say, 每个人都会在 他们睡前都15秒钟说,
Gosh, I'm glad that person's country exists. “我为这个国家都存在感到骄傲。”
Ultimately , that, I think, is what will make the change. 最终,我认为, 这是改变的原因。
Ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
That word, good, and the number 6.8 and the discovery that's behind it have changed my life. 这个词,“好”, 还有6.8这个数字 还有这背后的发现 改变了我的人生。
I think they can change your life, and I think we can use it to change the way that our politicians and our companies behave, and in doing so, we can change the world. 我想它们也能改变你的人生, 我认为我们能用它来改变 我们的政党和企业的行为, 这样,我们就可以改变世界。
I've started thinking very differently about my own country since I've been thinking about these things. 我开始以非常不同的方式考虑 我自己的国家,自从我开始思考这些事情。
I used to think that I wanted to live in a rich country, and then I started thinking I wanted to live in a happy country, but I began to realize, it's not enough. 我曾经想我会愿意住在一个富有的国家, 后来我想我会愿意住在一个快乐的国家, 但我开始意识到,这些都不够。
I don't want to live in a rich country. 我不想住在一个富有的国家。
I don't want to live in a fast-growing or competitive country. 我不想住在一个快速发展 或是竞争力强的国家。
I want to live in a good country, and I so, so hope that you do too. 我想住在一个好国家, 而且我十分、十分希望你也这么想。
Thank you. 多谢。
(Applause) （掌声）