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SiegfriedWoldhek_2008-_找寻达_芬奇的真实面孔_
Good morning. 早上好。
Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci. 让我们先花一分钟的时间来看看伟大的传奇人物列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
for a minute:一会儿;
We're all familiar with his fantastic work -- his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings . 我们对他的杰作是再熟悉不过了── 他的画作、他的发明、他的写作。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; fantastic:奇异的,空想的 writings:n.作品,篇章(writing的复数形式);
But we do not know his face. 但我们却不知道他长什么样。
Thousands of books have been written about him, but there's controversy , and it remains, about his looks. 虽然关于他的著作成百上千, 但对于他的样貌,人们仍旧是充满分歧。
controversy:n.争论;论战;辩论;
Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians. 即使是这幅著名的肖像画,也无法得到很多艺术史学家的认可。
well-known:adj.著名的;众所周知的;清楚明白的; portrait:n.肖像;描写;半身雕塑像;
So what do you think? 你们觉得呢？
Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it? 这到底是不是列奥纳多·达·芬奇的面孔呢？
Let's find out. 让我们一同寻找答案。
Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him. 达·芬奇是一个会画身边各种事物的人。
He drew people, anatomy , plants, animals, landscapes , buildings, water, everything. 他画过人物、人体结构、动植物、风景、建筑、江河湖海、各种事物。
anatomy:n.解剖;解剖学;剖析;解析; landscapes:n.风景; v.从事庭园设计;
But no faces? 但却从来没有画过脸？
I find that hard to believe. 我觉得这有点让人难以置信。
His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here. 他同时代的画家都画过自画像,就好比你们现在看到的这些。
contemporaries:n.同龄,同辈人(contemporary复数形式);
En face or three quarters . 正面或者是四分之三的侧面像。
three quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三;
So surely a passionate drawer like Leonardo must have made self-portraits from time to time . 所以像达·芬奇这样充满热情的画家 也一定会时不时地画些自画像。
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; drawer:n.抽屉;内裤;出票人;起草者;酒馆侍者; self-portraits:n.自画像; from time to time:不时,有时;
So let's try to find them. 就让我们试着把他们给找出来。
I think that if we were to scan all of his work and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us. 我认为如果我们仔细查阅他所有的作品, 并从中寻找自画像,我们就可以发现他的面孔。
So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700, and looked for male portraits. 于是我认真查看了他所有的画,700多幅, 从中寻找男士的画像。
There are about 120, you see them here. 这里所看到的,就是我找到的120幅。
Which ones of these could be self-portraits? 这里面有哪些有可能是自画像呢？
Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters . 就如我们前面所看到的,自画像一定要是正面或者四分之三侧面的才可以。
three-quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三;
So we can eliminate all the profiles . 所以我们排除所有的侧面画像。
eliminate:v.消除;排除; profiles:n.配置文件; v.扼要描述;
It also has to be sufficiently detailed. 自画像也应该有充分的细节。
sufficiently:adv.充分地;足够地;
So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized . 所以我们也可以排除那些模糊不清的或者是过于风格化的画像。
vague:adj.模糊的;含糊的;不明确的;暧昧的; stylized:adj.程式化的; v.风格化;
And we know from his contemporaries that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man. 同时我们从达·芬奇同时代的人中也了解到 达·芬奇长得非常帅气,甚至可以说是美男子。
So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures . 这样一来,我们又排除了那些长得丑的以及那些漫画像。
ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的; caricatures:n.漫画;讽刺画;漫画手法;vt.画成漫画讽刺;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill. 现在再来看一看──只剩下三个符合条件的候选画像了。
And here they are. 就是这三张
Yes indeed, the old man is there, as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianos. 的确,老人画像是其中之一, 这幅著名的铅笔画《维特鲁威人》也在其中。
Homo:n.人,人类;同性恋者;
And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician." 最后一幅就是达·芬奇所画的唯一一幅男性肖像油画《音乐家肖像》。
Before we go into these faces, 在我们开始研究这些面孔之前,
I should explain why I have some right to talk about them. 我应该解释一下我有什么资格在这里发表关于他们的评论。
I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only. 我画过超过1100张的人物画像, 为各类报纸所做,历时300多──30多年,不好意思,只有30多年。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces. 但还是画了1100张。很少有画家画过这么多张脸。
So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces. 所以我对绘画和分析脸孔还是略知一二的。
analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词);
OK, now let's look at these three portraits. 好了,现在让我们来看看这三幅画像。
And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces, remark how they have the same broad forehead , the horizontal eyebrows , the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin . 你们可要坐好了,因为如果我们将这些脸孔放大的话, 我们就会发现他们都有着同样宽广的额头、平直的眉毛、 高长的鼻子、弯曲的嘴唇、小而丰满的下颚。
hold onto:抓紧 remark:v.评论;谈论;说起;n.评述;言论;谈论;引人注目; forehead:n.前额; horizontal:n.水平线;水平面;横线;水平位置;adj.水平的;与地面平行的;横的; eyebrows:n.眉;眉毛;(eyebrow的复数) curved:adj.呈弯曲状的; v.(使)沿曲线运动; well-developed:adj.发达的;发育良好的; chin:n.下巴;颏;v.(口)用下巴夹住(提琴等);(单杠)引体向上使下巴高过横杠;谈话;
I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that. 当我第一次注意到这一切的时候,我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。
There is no reason why these portraits should look alike. 这些画像怎么可能如此相像。
All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait, and look, they are very similar. 我们只是搜寻有自画像特色的肖像, 但找到的画像却是如此得相像。
characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数)
Now, are they made in the right order? 问题是,他们是不是依照正确的时间顺序绘制的呢？
The young man should be made first. 年轻人的画像应该是最先绘制的。
And as you see here from the years that they were created, it is indeed the case. 而如果你们看看这些画像创作的年份, 就会发现事实的确如此。
They are made in the right order. 他们是按照正确的时间顺序绘制的。
What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit? 而达·芬奇在创作这些画像的时候的年龄又是多大呢？和画中人的年龄相符吗？
Yes it does. He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made. 是的,完全相符。他在创作这些画像的时候分别是33岁、38岁和63岁。
So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person of the same age as Leonardo at the time. 也就是说,我们现在这里的三幅画像,有可能是同一个人的画像, 平且画中人和达·芬奇创作这些画像时的年龄是一致的。
potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
But how do we know it's him, and not someone else? 但我们如何知道这画中之人是达·芬奇而不是别人呢？
Well, we need a reference . 我们需要一个可供参考的标准。
reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用;
And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted. 这里是唯一一幅被广泛接受的达·芬奇的照片,
It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David, for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15. 是韦罗基奥创作的大卫雕像, 由15岁的达·芬奇当作人体模特。
statue:n.雕像;塑像;铸像;v.用雕像装饰; posed:v.造成;引起;产生;提问;质询;摆好姿势;(pose的过去分词和过去式)
And if we now compare the face of the statue, with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again. 如果我们把这个雕塑的脸 和之前那个音乐家的脸相比较的话,我们就会再次发现之前那些相同的特征。
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较;
The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo to those three faces. 这个雕像就是参考物,将达·芬奇的身份 同那三张脸联系起来。
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published. 女士们、先生们,这个故事暂未发表,
It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first. 由在座的TED观众们对之先睹为快是再为合适不过了。
The icon of icons finally has a face. 伟人中的伟人终于有了脸孔。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Here he is -- Leonardo da Vinci. 他就是──列奥纳多·达·芬奇。
(Applause) （掌声）