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SiddharthaRoy_2016X-_科学服务公益_
Fresh out of college, 我一从大学毕業,
I went to work for a consulting firm. 就到一间顾问公司做事。
consulting:adj.咨询的,商议的;v.咨询,请教;商议;(consult的现在分词形式)
During orientation , the leaders dished out advice. 新人训练期间, 培训员给了很多建议。
orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方;
Amongst them was one pithy counsel 其中一项很精简,
Amongst:prep.在…之中;在…当中(等于among); pithy:adj.有髓的,多髓的;精练的;简洁有力的; counsel:n.劝告,忠告,建议;法律顾问;律师;vt.提供专业咨询;建议,劝告(做某事)
I will never forget. 我永远都不会忘记。
He told us, "Be easy to manage." 他说:「当个好管的人。」
Considering how navie 想一想我当时有多天真,
I really was at the time,I took his advice to heart. 我把他的话深印心中。
I told myself, "Yes, I will be the ultimate team player . 我对自己说: 「是的,我要当一个终极合作者,
ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; team player:n.善于与团队合作的成员;
I will do everything I'm told. 他们说的我都做,
I will be easy to manage." 我要当个好管的人。」
It wasn't until I arrived in graduate school and witnessed firsthand the criminal actions of scientists and engineers in the water crisis in Flint , Michigan that I realized how dangerous and yet surprisingly common this line of thinking really is. 直到我进入研究所,一切都变了, 我亲眼见证科学家与工程师联手, 犯下密西根州弗林特市的 自来水汙染危机, 使我明白这样的思路 有多危险却又意外的常见。
graduate school:研究所,研究院; witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词) firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; Flint:n.燧石;火石;打火石; Michigan:n.密歇根;美国密歇根州; surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地
Make no mistake: the Flint water crisis is one of the most egregious environmental injustices of our time. 一点都没错, 弗林特市自来水汙染事件 是我们这个时代 极严重的环境不正义。
egregious:adj.惊人的;过分的;恶名昭彰的; injustices:n.不公正;不讲道义;
For over 18 months, 100,000 residents ,including thousands of young children, were exposed to contaminated drinking water with high levels of lead. 超过 18 个月, 十万居民,包括数千孩童, 接触到受高铅量汙染的饮用水。
residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数) exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式) drinking water:n.饮用水;
Lead is a potent neurotoxin which causes cognitive and developmental disabilities and is especially harmful to growing fetuses and young children. 铅是一种强度高的神经毒, 会造成智能及发展障碍, 对生长中的胎儿及幼儿特别有害。
potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的; neurotoxin:n.[生化]神经毒素; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; developmental:adj.发展的;启发的; disabilities:n.残疾(disability的复数);身心障碍者; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; fetuses:胎;胎儿(fetus的复数);
We've known about its dangers since the Roman Empire. 自罗马帝国时代 我们就知道其危险性。
Roman:n.罗马人;古罗马语;adj.罗马的;罗马人的;
Amongst a whole host of health issues , 12 people died by contracting Legionnaires' disease. 在一大串的健康问题中, 十二人死于退伍军人症。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) contracting:adj.缔约的;承包的;收缩的;
Flint's water infrastructure — the complex network of underground pipes — has been severely damaged. 弗林特市的水基础建设, 即在地面下错综复杂的水管线, 早就受到严重破坏。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; severely:adv.严重地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地;
And while the water quality is slowly improving and the pipes are being replaced now, more than two years later, the water is still not safe to drink. 即使水质已慢慢变好, 现在也换了管线, 事件发生两年以后, 水依然不能安全饮用。
improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词)
So, people are still in shock. 所以,大家还是很惊讶。
They ask themselves, "How could this have happened?" 他们问自己: 「怎么会发生这种事？」
The short answer is: the crisis began when an emergency manager, appointed by Michigan's governor, decided to switch their water source to a local river to save money. 长话短说就是: 危机始于一位紧急应变管理师, 任命于密西根州州长, 决定把水源换到 一条当地河川以省钱。
emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; appointed:adj.(时间)指定的,约定的; v.任命; (appoint的过去分词和过去式) source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
But it continued for so long because scientists and engineers at government agencies in the state of Michigan and in the federal government did not follow federal regulations for treating the water right. 但这情况持续太久, 因为受雇于政府机构的 科学家及工程师, 无论是密西根或是联邦政府, 都没有遵守联邦法规来处理水。
agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数); federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; regulations:n.章程;规则;法规;管理,控制;(regulation的复数) treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词)
What was more, they actively cheated on the law and orchestrated cover-ups . 更惨的是, 他们还主动违法并集体包庇。
orchestrated:v.编配(或创作管弦乐曲); (orchestrate的过去分词和过去式) cover-ups:掩饰;隐蔽(cover-up的名词复数);
They ridiculed residents asking for help, while publicly insisting that the brown, smelly water coming out of the tap was safe to drink. 他们嘲讽上门求助的居民, 公开坚称从水龙头流出的褐色臭水 是安全的饮用水。
ridiculed:v.嘲笑;奚落;讥笑;(ridicule的过去分词和过去式) smelly:adj.有臭味的,发臭的;
The system at the local, state and federal levels completely failed to protect our most vulnerable , and an entire population was left to fend for itself. 地方、州政府与联邦系统, 完全没有保护最脆弱的人, 使得整群人必须自立救济。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; fend:vt.谋生;保护;挡开;供养;vi.照料;供养;力争;
Now, amidst this injustice, 在这样的不公正下,
amidst:prep.在…当中;
Flint residents were rallying together. 弗林特市居民团结起来。
rallying:n.公路汽车拉力赛;v.召集;集合;复原;恢复健康;(rally的现在分词)
Amongst them were some amazing women of Flint — mothers concerned about their kids — who came together forming many grassroots coalitions , and these groups started protesting and demanding change. 其中有超棒的弗林特市妇女── 担忧孩子的母亲── 合作组成各式基层联盟, 开始抗议并要求改变。
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) grassroots:adj.基层的;草根的;乡村的;n.草根;基础; coalitions:n.联合;结盟(coalition的复数); protesting:v.(公开)反对;抗议;坚决地表示;申辩;(protest的现在分词)
The group also reached out to outside scientists for help, and a few responded . 他们还向外面的科学家求助, 并得到几个回应。
responded:v.回答,回应;作出反应;响应;反应灵敏;(respond的过去式和过去分词)
Amongst them was a guy named Miguel Del Toral, a water expert at the US EPA — the Environmental Protection Agency — who actually wrote this scientific memo and sent it to the state of Michigan and the federal government to bring their attention to this problem. 其中一位是叫米格的人, 美国环保署的水专家, 他实际写下这段科学备忘录, 送给密西根州政府及联邦政府, 让他们注意这个问题。
Agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; memo:n.备忘录;
He was characterized a " rogue employee," 他被归类为「不听话的员工」,
characterized:adj.以…为特点的; rogue:n.流氓; v.游手好闲; adj.(野兽)凶猛的;
and silenced. 并被要求闭上嘴巴。
In collaboration with Flint residents, our research team here at Tech, of students and scientists led by professor Marc Edwards, conducted citywide testing 与弗特林市居民合作, 我们在维吉尼亚理工的研究团队, 包含学生及科学家, 在爱德华教授的领导下, 进行全市檢验,
collaboration:n.合作;勾结;通敌; Marc:n.机读目录;(水果,种子等经压榨后的)榨渣; conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式) citywide:adj.全市的,全市性的;
to prove that Flint's water was indeed contaminated, even toxic in some homes. 证明弗特林市的水确实受到汙染, 在某些住家甚至有毒。
toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的;
We substantiated what Flint had been screaming for months, and put it on the Internet for the world to see. 我们证实了弗特林市数月的呼喊, 并放到网路上让全世界的人都看到。
substantiated:adj.实体化的;被证实了的;v.证明;充实(substantiate的过去分词);使具体化;
Now, when I was getting involved , when I said yes to this, 我参与的时候, 我答应做这件事的时候,
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
I had no idea what I was getting into. 根本不知道自己会陷入什么情况。
But every second of this journey has been totally worth it. 但是一路走来每一秒都很值得。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
This was science in service to the public. 这就是科学为人民服务。
This is what I came to graduate school for, and this is how I would rather spend my life. 这也是我为什么要念研究所, 也是我宁可过的生活。
would rather:宁愿,宁可;
And so this coalition — this unlikely coalition of citizens, pastors , journalists and scientists — came together to uncover the truth using science, advocacy and activism . 所以这样的联盟── 这不寻常的联盟,结合了公民、 牧师、记者及科学家── 一同以科学、宣传及行动揭发真相。
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的; pastors:n.(尤指非英国国教的)牧师;(pastor的复数) journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数); uncover:v.揭开盖子;发现;揭露;揭发; advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护; activism:n.行动主义;激进主义;
A local pediatrician figured out that the instances of childhood lead poisoning had indeed doubled in Flint during the crisis. 一名当地小儿科医师发现, 孩童铅中毒的案例 在弗林特水危机期间整整多了一倍。
pediatrician:n.儿科医师(等于pediatrist); instances:n.相依物体,例子; v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式); childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期
And the state of Michigan was forced to acknowledge the problem and take steps to correct it. 密西根州政府被迫承认这个问题, 并为了改正采取几个步骤。
take steps:采取措施;采取步骤;
This group and many others got Flint's kids protected. 这个团体和其他许多团体 保护了弗林特市的小孩。
A few months later, 几个月之后,
President Obama came in and declared a federal emergency, and now Flint is getting more than 600 million dollars in healthcare , nutrition , education and overhauling their water infrastructure. 欧巴马总统介入并宣布此为 联邦紧急救援案件, 现在弗林特市得到六亿多美金, 用来补助健保、营养、教育 及彻底檢修水基础设施。
healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健; nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; overhauling:n.大修;翻修;拆检;卸修;v.翻修;精细检查(overhaul的ing形式);
However, the arrogance and the callous disregard for public health shown by scientists and engineers at these government agencies is beyond belief. 然而,这些政府单位的 科学家及工程师 对公共卫生表现出的傲慢与冷漠, 令人无法置信。
arrogance:n.自大;傲慢态度; callous:adj.冷酷无情的;无同情心的;冷漠的;v.使硬结;使无感觉;使无情 disregard:vt.忽视;不理;漠视;不顾;n.忽视;不尊重;
These unhealthy cultures that are festering in these groups, where the focus is on meeting regulations and checking boxes as opposed to protecting public health, is just appalling . 这种不健康的文化 正严重腐化这些单位, 他们只顾着符合法规, 勾了该做的事项, 而不是保护公共卫生, 实在很可恶。
unhealthy:不健康的 festering:v.化脓;溃烂;更加苦恼;愈益恶化(fester的现在分词) opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式) appalling:adj.可怕的;令人震惊的;v.使惊愕;惊吓;(appal的现在分词)
Just consider this email that an EPA employee wrote, where she goes, "I'm not so sure Flint is a community we want to go out on a limb for." 就想一下这封环保署员工发的电邮, 她这么写: 「我不太确定弗林特 这个社区值得我们冒险。」
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; go out on a limb:爬高枝;担风险;冒险;
The dehumanization of an entire population could not be more obvious . 太明显把整群人妖魔化！
dehumanization:n.非人化;灭绝人性;人性丧失; obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
Now, contrast that to the first canon of engineering , which, in my opinion , should be the first law of humanity : "To hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the public," 相较于工程伦理第一条, 在我看应该也是人性伦理的第一条: 「视大众健康、安全及福祉 为至高无上。」
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; canon:n.标准;教规;正典圣经;教士; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) in my opinion:在我看来;我认为; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; paramount:adj.最重要的,主要的;至高无上的;n.最高统治者; welfare:n.福祉;(政府给予的)福利;
above all else. 超越一切。
This is the Hippocratic Oath we've rarely acknowledged, let alone embraced . 我们连这样的「医师誓词」 都很少提了, 更别说信奉了。
Hippocratic Oath:n.希波克拉底誓言(医生保证遵守医生职业道德的誓言); rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; let alone:更不必说;听任;不打扰; embraced:v.拥抱;欣然接受,乐意采纳;信奉;包含;(embrace的过去分词和过去式)
And so when scientists and engineers, very much like medical doctors, screw up, people can get hurt — even die. 所以科学家及工程师就像医师一样, 如果把事情搞砸了, 大众会受到危害, 甚至死亡。
screw:v.旋,拧;压榨;强迫;n.螺旋;螺丝钉;吝啬鬼;
If our professionals and even students fail to get that, society pays a huge price. 如果我们的专家 甚至学生没有了解这点, 社会就要付出很大的代价。
professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数);
Buried deep in history lies a character I deeply admire — an engineer named Peter Palchinsky. 我深深仰慕一位鲜为人知的古人── 他是工程师,名叫彼得·帕尔钦思基。
He lived in the time of the Soviet Union. 他活在苏联时代。
Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人;
And Palchinsky repeatedly got in trouble for his radical honesty and willingness to point out major flaws in the Soviets ' mindless pursuit of rapid industrialization . 帕尔钦思基常常惹祸上身, 因为他的刚正不阿、 并愿意指出苏联 一昧追求快速工業化的重大错误。
repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地; radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; willingness:n.乐意;心甘情愿;自动自发; flaws:n.[材]缺陷;[力]裂缝(flaw的复数);v.有裂纹;使有裂缝(flaw的单三形式); Soviets:n.苏联人(soviet的复数);苏联政府; mindless:adj.愚蠢的;不小心的;不需要动脑筋的;不顾虑的; pursuit:n.追求;追赶;追捕;跟踪; industrialization:n.工业化;
Everyone was expected to follow orders coming from the top. 大家都被期望 要遵守从上面来的命令。
Anyone asking questions or offering feedback was unwelcome . 问问题或提意见的人都不受欢迎。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; unwelcome:adj.不受欢迎的;讨厌的;不被接受的;vt.冷淡地对待;n.冷淡;
The Soviets had created the largest army of engineers the world had ever seen, and yet most of them were mere cogs in a gigantic machine heading for doom . 苏联组织了一支世界 前所未见的工程师大军, 然而其中大部分的人都只是 巨大机器中的小齿轮,朝着败亡迈进。
mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘; cogs:n.轮齿; v.(在…上)装齿轮; (cog的复数) gigantic:adj.巨大的,庞大的; doom:n.厄运;毁灭;劫数;死亡;v.使…注定失败(或遭殃、死亡等);
Palchinsky, on the other hand , implored engineers to look at the economic , political and social consequences of their actions; in other words, be more public-focused. 然而帕尔钦思基却恳求工程师 去看他们的行为会对经济、 政治及社会产生什么后果; 换句话说,要更关注大众。
on the other hand:另一方面; implored:vt.恳求或乞求;vi.恳求或乞求; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
His fearless voice of reason was seen as a threat to the political establishment , and Joseph Stalin had him executed in 1929. 他大无畏的理性声音被视为 政治机构的威胁, 史达林于 1929 年处决了他。
fearless:adj.无畏的;大胆的; establishment:n.大型组织;企业;旅馆;权威人士;建立; Joseph:n.连帽大氅; Stalin:n.斯大林(前苏联领导人); executed:v.(尤指依法)处决,处死;实行;执行;实施;(execute的过去分词和过去式)
Palchinsky's view on technocrats is very different from one that is still very popular, that of a dispassionate researcher working in his ivory tower lab, or a nerdy engineer working in his cubicle . 帕尔钦思基对技术官僚的观点 跟现在仍然很盛行、 就是没有热情的研究人员,在自己的象牙塔实验室里工作, 或是一个宅工程师,窝在自己的办公隔间里。
technocrats:n.技术专家(technocrat的复数);科技主义者; dispassionate:adj.不带感情的;平心静气的;公平的; ivory tower:n.象牙塔(指远离问题、脱离现实的小天地); nerdy:adj.书呆子式的;n.令人厌烦的人; cubicle:n.小卧室;小隔间;
Brilliant, no doubt, yet somehow cut off from the world, shows little emotion — kind of like Spock from "Star Trek ," you know? 当然,他们都很聪明, 但是似乎与世界隔绝, 没有什么感情, 有点像《星际争霸战》 里的史巴克,对吧？
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; Trek:v.长途跋涉;远足,徒步旅行;n.长途跋涉(尤指在山区);
This guy. 这家伙。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Let's try and do the Spock salute . 来试试史巴克式敬礼。
salute:n.致敬,欢迎;敬礼;v.行礼致敬,欢迎;致意,打招呼;行礼;
I don't think I'll succeed ... 我大概做不来......
See, I can't be Spock. 看吧？我不能当史巴克。
Thank goodness I can't be Spock. 谢天谢地我当不了史巴克。
(Laughter) （笑声）
I was reminded of this distinction because a recent article came out in a very reputed scientific journal, which kind of characterized our Flint work as driven by " youthful idealism ," 近期有篇文章 提醒我这两者的差异, 这篇文章发表在一本很着名的科学期刊上, 有一点把我们的弗林特工作 归类为受「青年人的理想主义」
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) distinction:n.区别;区分;差别;卓越; reputed:adj.名誉好的;被普遍认为…的;v.认为(repute的过去式和过去分词); youthful:adj.年轻的; idealism:n.唯心主义,理想主义;理念论;
and "Hollywood's dramatic sensibilities ." 及「好莱坞的戏剧性感受」所驱使。
dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; sensibilities:n.感情;感受能力;鉴赏力;(sensibility的复数)
It asks scientists to protect their research funding and institutions at all costs , no matter how just the cause. 它要求科学家要不惜一切 保护他们的研究经费及机构, 无论理由有多充分。
funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) at all costs:无论如何,不惜任何代价;
And if you think you have to get involved in something, even if it's an emergency, try finding an activist group or an NGO, and obtain the full support of the academic community — whatever that means — before you get involved. 就想一下如果你要参与某件事, 即使是紧急事件, 你要努力找行动组织或民间团体, 还要获得学界的全力支持, 不管这是什么意思── 才能参与。
activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子; obtain:vi.获得;流行;vt.获得; academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者;
Not one mention of our moral and professional obligation of preventing harm to the public, or the fact that we have all this expertise , resources and, for some, even tenure to, you know, accomplish this task. 没有人提到我们的职業道德及伦理 要避免对大众造成伤害, 或事实是我们的确有专门知识、 资源,甚至还有终生职教授 来完成这件任务,你知道的。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; obligation:n.义务;责任;职责;(已承诺的或法律等规定的)义务; expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); tenure:n.任期;占有;vt.授予…终身职位; accomplish:v.完成;实现;达到;
I'm not saying every scientist should be an activist. 我不是说每个科学家 都应该当行动分子。
There are real and sometimes very painful consequences of speaking up. 大胆说真话有时候的确要 付上相当痛苦的代价。
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
But to denounce this idea, this possibility so completely so that you can protect research funding, simply screams of self-serving cowardice , and these are not the ideals we would want to pass to our students. 然而全面谴责 这个想法、这个可能性, 只为了保护研究经费, 只不过突显出自私自利的懦弱, 这也不是我们想传承给学生的理想。
denounce:vt.谴责;告发;公然抨击;通告废除; self-serving:adj.自私自利的,自私的; cowardice:n.怯懦;胆小;
And so you may think, "OK, all this sounds great, but you'll never completely change organizational cultures, or imbibe mindsets in students and professionals to look at their work as a public good — science in service to the public." 你可能会想: 「是,这些听起来都很棒, 但是你永远不能完全改变组织文化, 或改变学生和教授的心态, 让他们视自己的工作为公益── 科学服务大众。」
organizational:adj.组织的;编制的; imbibe:vt.吸收,接受;喝;吸入; mindsets:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态;
Maybe so. 大概吧！
But could a big reason for that be that we are not training our students right? 但是会不会有很大的原因是 我们没有教好学生？
Because if you look closely, our education system today is focused more on creating what ex-Yale professor Bill Deresiewicz calls "excellent sheep" — young people who are smart and ambitious , and yet somehow risk-averse , timid , directionless and, sometimes, full of themselves. 因为如果你仔细观察, 今天的教育体系专注在生产 前耶鲁教授威廉·德雷西维兹 所谓的「优秀的绵羊」── 聪明有抱负的年轻人, 却不知怎的胆小怕事,没有方向, 有时候还很自以为是。
ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; risk-averse:adj.风险规避的;不愿承担风险的; timid:adj.胆小的;羞怯的; directionless:adj.没有方向的;没有目标的;
Now, kids ... you know, we fell in love with science when we were kids, and yet we somehow spend most of our time during high school and college just jumping through hoops and doing things instead of sitting down and reflecting on what we want to do and who we want to be. 孩子……你知道 我们在还是个孩子时 爱上科学, 却不知为何在高中和大学, 把大部分时间花在 忙里忙外百依百顺, 而不是坐下来 思考我们想做什么, 想成为什么样的人。
hoops:n.箍;环;圈;(篮球)篮圈,篮框;(hoop的复数) reflecting:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;显示,表明,表达;(reflect的现在分词)
And so, the markers of empathy in our college graduates have been dropping dramatically in the past two decades, while those of narcissism are on the rise. 所以, 我们大学毕業生的同理心 在过去二十年急遽下降, 而自恋的情况却节节高升。
markers:n.(表示方位的)标记,记号;标识;表示;记号笔;(marker的复数) empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地; narcissism:n.[心理]自恋,自我陶醉;
There is also a growing culture of disengagement between engineering students and the public. 还有一种文化也在高升, 就是工学院学生与公众脱离。
disengagement:n.脱离;分开;
We are trained to build bridges and solve complex problems but not how to think or live or be a citizen of this world. 我们受训练要造桥铺路, 并解决复杂的问题, 却没有受训要如何思考、 生活,或当个世界公民。
build bridges:建立桥梁;构建桥梁;建立纽带;
My undergraduate years were explicit job preparation, and I cannot tell you how suffocating and painful it was at times. 我的大学生涯完全就是职前教育, 我真的无法形容有时候这有多苦闷。
undergraduate:n.本科生; explicit:adj.明确的;清楚的;直率的;详述的; suffocating:adj.令人呼吸困难的; v.(使)窒息而死; (suffocate的现在分词)
And so, some people think the solution to great engineers, to great scientists, is more technical training. 所以, 有人认为要成就 伟大的工程师、科学家, 就是要给予更多的技术训练。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
Maybe so. 或许吧！
But where are the discussions on ethical decision-making , or building character,or discerning right from wrong? 但是决策伦理在哪里？高风亮节的情操在哪里？ 分辨善恶又在哪里？
ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; decision-making:n.决策; discerning:adj.敏锐的;有识别力的;v.识别;觉察出;了解;(discern的现在分词)
Consider this project that I deeply love and admire. 想一下我很喜爱 也很欣赏的这个计画,
It's called, " Heroic Imagination Project." 叫做「英雄的想像力」。
Heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为; Imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
A brainchild of Dr. Phil Zimbardo, famous for the Stanford Prison Experiment, this program seeks to train school-going children around the world to look at themselves as heroes-in-waiting, or heroes-in-training. 它是菲利普·津巴多博士的创见, 他以斯坦福监狱实验着称, 这个计画试图训练全世界学童 视自己为英雄候选人, 或是英雄受训人。
brainchild:n.脑力劳动的产物; seeks:v.寻求;寻找;探索;搜索;
So, these young minds work over time to develop skills and virtues so that when the opportunity comes, no matter what that opportunity be, to stand up and do the right thing. 所以这些年轻人随着时间 发展技能和美德, 所以在机会来临时, 无论是什么机会, 都能挺身做对的事。
work over:研究;检查;重做;殴打; virtues:n.优点,贞操;美德; no matter what:不管什么…;
In other words, anyone can be a hero. 换句话说, 每个人都能成为英雄。
Think about that idea for a second. 稍微思考一下这个想法。
Why don't we teach science and engineering like that — where heroism and public service are seen as key values, because indeed, it's often heroism that is not only the antidote to public indifference , but also to systemic evil like we saw in Flint. 为什么我们不能 用那种方式教理工科？ 把英雄主义及公众服务 视为关键价值, 因为的确如此,英雄主义常常 不仅是对公众漠不关心的唯一解药, 也能对抗系统性的邪恶, 就像我们在弗林特看到的一样。
heroism:n.英勇,英雄气概;英雄行为;勇敢的事迹; public service:n.公共事业;公营事业;公益事业(或服务);政府; antidote:n.[药]解毒剂;解药;矫正方法; indifference:n.漠不关心;冷淡;不重视;中立; systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的; evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸;
And so, dream with me what a 21st-century scientist slash engineer could look like: individuals who are driven to master the sciences so that they can serve society, and are also aware 所以,跟我一起梦想, 21 世纪科学家及工程师 应该是这样的: 身为受驱策精通科学 以服务社会的个体, 并意识到
slash:n.斜线;伤口;切口;斜线号;撒尿;vt.劈;大幅度削减;大大降低 individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
of the tremendous power their knowledge and decisions have; folks who are developing their moral courage at all times, and who realize that conflict and controversy are not necessarily bad things if our ultimate loyalty is to the public and the planet. 他们的知识及决策握有极大的力量; 他们随时都在培养自己的道德勇气, 并了解冲突与争论 并不尽然都是坏事, 只要我们最终是忠于大众及地球。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; controversy:n.争论;论战;辩论; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情;
These are the people who will stand up like we did in Flint — not to be saviors or heroes in the media , but altruistic and fundamentally good actors that you and I can trust. 这些人会挺身而出, 就像我们在弗林特一样, 不是为了在媒体上当救世主或英雄, 而是利他主义, 是你我都能信任的好角色。
saviors:n.救世主(电视剧名); media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; altruistic:adj.利他的;无私心的; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
Imagine fostering such a public-focused mindset in classes, on service trips and during activities during college or even high school, so that these young minds will hold onto those ideals when they actually enter the real world, 想像一下 在大学甚至高中课堂上、 在社区服务、 在活动里培养这种大众至上的心态, 如此一来这些年轻的心 会牢牢抓住这些理想, 伴随他们进入真实的世界,
fostering:v.促进;助长;培养;鼓励;抚育;(foster的现在分词) hold onto:抓紧
whether that be consulting, academia , policy making — or even becoming the president of a country. 无论是顾问業、学界还是政界, 甚至是成为一国的总统。
academia:n.学术界;学术生涯; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
Some of mankind's greatest challenges lie ahead of us; contaminated drinking water is just one example. 横在我们面前的 是人类极困难的挑战; 汙染的饮用水只是其中之一。
We could definitely use more — nay, we desperately need more — compassionate upstanders and public-focused scientists and engineers who will strive to the do right thing, and not be easy to manage. 我们一定可以使用更多── 不对,我们亟需更多── 充满同情心而见义勇为的人, 以及服务大众的科学家及工程师, 他们会努力做正确的事, 而且不会很好管！
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地; compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的;vt.同情;怜悯; strive:v.力求;斗争;反抗;(strive的第三人称单数)
Thank you. 谢谢！
(Applause) （掌声）