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SiamakHariri_2017S-_如何建筑神圣空间？_
The school of architecture that I studied at some 30 years ago happened to be across the street from the wonderful art gallery designed by the great architect Louis Kahn. 我在三十年前就读的建筑学院 对面是一座令人惊艳的美术馆 是由名建筑师路易斯．康设计
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; art gallery:[建]美术馆;画廊;
I love the building,and I used to visit it quite often. 我很爱这栋建筑,也经常造访
One day, 有一天
I saw the security guard run his hand across the concrete wall. 我看见警卫用手轻轻划过水泥墙
security guard:保安人员; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
And it was the way he did it, the expression on his face — something touched me. 而看着他这样的举动 还有脸上的神情 某种东西触动了我
expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
I could see that the security guard was moved by the building and that architecture has that capacity to move you. 我可以看出警卫也深受那栋建筑感动 建筑就是有这样的魔力 足以感动人心
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
I could see it, and I remember thinking, "Wow. How does architecture do that?" 这个场景仍历历在目,我当时想着 哇,建筑要怎么拥有这种力量
At school, I was learning to design, but here — here was a reaction of the heart. 我在学校里学的是设计 但在这里的—却是心灵的真实反映
reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
And it touched me to the core . 那深深触动了我
to the core:到心;彻底;彻底地;透顶的;
You know, you aspire for beauty, for sensuousness , for atmosphere , the emotional response . 我们知道,人们追寻美丽的事物 是为了感官愉悦或气氛 这类情感上的需求
aspire:v.渴望(成就);有志(成为); sensuousness:n.知觉;敏感; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; response:n.响应;反应;回答;
That's the realm of the ineffable and the immeasurable . 这是个无法言喻 也不可丈量的领域
realm:n.领域,范围;王国; ineffable:adj.不可言喻的;不应说出的;难以形容的; immeasurable:adj.无限的;[数]不可计量的;不能测量的;
And that's what you live for: a chance to try. 这就是我们生活的目的: 拥有尝试的机会
So in 2003, there was an open call for designs for the Bahá'í Temple for South America . 2003年时有场公开征选 征的是南美洲巴哈伊灵曦堂的设计图
South America:n.南美洲;
This was the first temple in all of South America. 这在当时是全南美第一间灵曦堂
It's a continental temple, a hugely important milestone for the Bahá'í community , because this would be the last of the continental temples and would open the door for national and local temples to be built around the world. 且是间洲际性的灵曦堂 是巴哈伊信仰的重大里程碑 这是最后一座洲际性神庙 也促使地区灵曦堂遍布于 世界各地
continental:adj.大陆的;大陆性的;n.欧洲人; milestone:n.里程碑,划时代的事件; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And the brief was deceptively simple and unique in the annals of religion: a circular room, nine sides, nine entrances, nine paths, allowing you to come to the temple from all directions, nine symbolizing completeness , perfection . 它的结构看似简单 在宗教史上却是独一无二 它是由一个圆厅 九面墙、九个入口及九条小径组成 让民众能够从各个方向进入灵曦堂 「九」这个数字象征完整 以及完美
deceptively:adv.迷惑地,骗人地;虚伪地; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; annals:n.年报;编年史;年鉴; circular:adj.圆形的; n.(同时送达很多人的)印刷信函(或通知、广告); symbolizing:象征,作为…的象征;用符号表示(symbolize的现在分词); completeness:n.完整;完全;完成;圆满;结束; perfection:n.完善;完美;
No pulpit , no sermons ,as there are no clergy in the Bahá'í faith . 建筑中没有讲道坛、没有布道
pulpit:n.讲道坛;高架操纵台;神职人员; sermons:n.布道;讲道;冗长的说教;(sermon的复数) clergy:n.神职人员;牧师;僧侣; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰;
And in a world which is putting up walls, the design needed to express in form the very opposite. 因为巴哈伊信仰中没有神职人员 在这个充斥隔阂的世界
It had to be open, welcoming to people of all faiths, walks of life, backgrounds, or no faith at all; a new form of sacred space with no pattern or models to draw from. 设计必须藉由形式上表达 一个完全相反的概念 也就是开放与包容各种信仰、阶级、背景 或是没有任何信仰的人 这是神圣空间的全新形式 别出心裁不落窠臼
It was like designing one of the first churches for Christianity or one of the first mosques for Islam. 就像在设计第一座基督教教堂 或第一座伊斯兰教清真寺
Christianity:n.基督教;基督教精神,基督教教义; mosques:n.清真寺(mosque的复数形式);
So we live in a secular world. 既然我们身处在世俗的世界
secular:adj.世俗的; n.修道院外的教士,(对宗教家而言的)俗人;
How do you design sacred space today? 当今的我们该如何建筑神圣空间
And how do you even define what's sacred today? 更甚者,我们该如何定义「神圣」
define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
I stumbled across this beautiful quote and it speaks to prayer. 我曾偶然发现一句优美的巴哈伊祷文 它说,若你诚心祈祷
stumbled:v.绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走;蹒跚而行;(stumble的过去分词和过去式) quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用;
It says that if you reach out in prayer,and if your prayer is answered — which is already very interesting — that the pillars of your heart will become ashine. 并真的得到回应-这本身就够神奇了 那就会点亮你的心房 我很喜欢这个内在与外在的概念 就像是你看到一个人时
pillars:n.柱子;柱状物;台柱(pillar的复数);v.用柱支持(pillar的第三人称单数);
And I loved this idea of the inner and the outer , like when you see someone and you say, "That person is radiant ." And I was thinking, "My gosh, how could we make something architectural out of that, where you create a building and it becomes alive with light? 你说,这人真是容光焕发 我就心想: 天啊,我该怎么把这运用到建筑上？ 要怎么让一个建筑物 因为光而生动呢 就像是雪花石膏
inner:n.内部;射中接近靶心部分的一发;adj.里面的;向内的;内部的;接近中心的; outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中; radiant:adj.辐射的;容光焕发的;光芒四射的;n.光点;发光的物体; architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的;
Like alabaster , if you kiss it with light,it becomes alive. 它会因光的衬托而有了生命
alabaster:adj.雪花石膏制的;光洁雪白的;n.雪花石膏;
And I drew this sketch , something with two layers , translucent with structure in between capturing light. 于是我就画了这张图 它有两层,而且半透明 中间的结构能捕捉光影
sketch:n.素描;草图;速写;概述;v.概述;简述;画素描;画速写; layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数) translucent:adj.透明的;半透明的; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; capturing:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;(capture的现在分词)
Maybe a pure form,a single form of emanation that you could imagine would be all dome and everything we kept making was looking too much like an egg. 若提到发散光芒最简单的形式 我们都会直接联想到 圆顶的样式 我们所建筑的一切都长得太像蛋了
emanation:n.发出,散发; dome:n.圆屋顶;vi.成圆顶状;vt.加圆屋顶于…上;
(Laughter) （观众笑声）
A blob . 或是水滴
blob:n.一滴;一抹;v.弄脏;把…做错;得零分;
So you search. 所以我们追寻
You all know this crazy search,letting the process take you, and you live for the surprises. 我们都知道这段疯狂的探寻 会带给我们无限惊奇
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
And I remember quite by accident 而我恰巧记得
I saw this little video of a plant moving in light, and it made me think of movement, reach, this idea that the temple could have reach, like this reach for the divine . 曾经看过一部植物趋光性的短片 这让我想到了动态 与追寻 这都可以应用在灵曦堂上 就像是对神圣的追寻
divine:adj.神圣的;非凡的;天赐的;极好的;v.占卜;预言;用占卜勘探;n.牧师;神学家;
You can imagine also that movement within a circle could mean movement and stillness , like the cosmos , something you see in many places. 我们也能想像 在圆圈内的移动能同时展现动与静 和宇宙的旋一样 随处可见
stillness:n.静止;沉静; cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊;
(Laughter) （观众笑声）
But rotation was not enough, because we needed a form. 但这样的旋还不够 因为我们需要一种形式
rotation:n.旋转;循环,轮流;
the temples being as perfect as is humanly possible, and we kept thinking,well, what is perfection? 灵曦堂应尽可能地完美 而我们所要思考的就是:什么是完美？
humanly:adv.以人力;像人地;在人力所能及的范围;
And I remember I stumbled into this image of this Japanese basket and thinking our Western notions of perfection need to be challenged, that this wonderful silhouette of this basket, this wonkiness , 我记得当时无意间瞧见这张日本篮子的图片 就觉得西方对于完美的观念必须被挑战 这篮子的轮廓奇妙,外观有些歪斜
notions:n.观念(notion的复数);小商品; silhouette:n.轮廓,剪影;v.使…照出影子来;使…仅仅显出轮廓; wonkiness:摇晃;
and that it has the kind of dimple of what you might imagine a shoulder or the cheekbone , and that kind of organic form. 表面的凹陷或许会让人联想到肩窝 或酒窝 这类有生命的形式
dimple:vt.使起涟漪;使现酒窝;n.酒窝;涟漪;浅凹;vi.出现酒窝;起涟漪; cheekbone:n.颧骨;颊骨; organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体;
And so we drew and made models, these lines that merge at the top, soft lines, which became like drapery and translucent veils and folding, and the idea of not only folding but torquing — you remember the plant and the way it was reaching. 所以我们设计、制作出模型 也就是这些在上端汇合的线条 这些柔软的线条 像是垂坠的帐帘 与半透明的面纱及褶层 不只是折迭的概念,还有扭转的形式 还记得刚刚那株植物伸展的方式吧
merge:vt.合并;使合并;吞没;vi.合并;融合; drapery:n.布料;帏帐;打褶的帐幔; veils:n.面纱(veil的复数);层式法; torquing:扭转;
And this started to become an interesting form, carving the base, making the entrances. 这开始成为一种引人入胜的形式了 挖掘基地,建置入口
carving:n.雕刻品;雕刻图案;雕像;雕刻术;v.雕刻;把(熟肉)切成块;(carve的现在分词)
And then we ended up with this. 我们最终得到这个结果
This is this temple with two layers, nine luminous veils, embodied light, soft-flowing lines like luminescent drapery. 这就是那间双层灵曦堂 九道发光的纱帐 蕴含其中的光源 柔美流动的线条 就像是透着光的帷幕
luminous:adj.发光的;明亮的;清楚的; embodied:v.呈现(embody的过去式及过去分词形式);具体表达; luminescent:adj.发冷光的,冷光的;
and this was selected. 最后这份雀屏中选
So we went to the next stage of how to build it. 接下来就要思考如何建造
We had submitted alabaster. 我们原先想用雪花石膏
submitted:v.提交;顺从;投降;表示;认为;建议;(submit的过去分词和过去式)
But alabaster was too soft, and we were experimenting,many experiments with materials, trying to think how we could have this kind of shimmer , and we ended up with borosilicate . 但那太软了 所以我们又用其他材料做了实验 试图让它产生这样的微光 最后我们决定用硼硅酸玻璃
shimmer:n.微光;闪光;vi.闪烁;发闪烁的微光;vt.使闪烁; borosilicate:n.硼硅酸盐;
And borosilicate glass,as you know, is very strong, and if you break borosilicate rods just so and melt them at just the right temperature, we ended up with this new material, this new cast glass which took us about two years to make. 硼硅酸玻璃很强韧 若要重塑玻璃得先把它融化 还必须在特定温度 我们最后选用这种新材料 这个新铸造的玻璃花了我们两年的时间
rods:n.鱼竿(rod的复数);棒条体;v.装避雷针;用杆捅清(rod的单三形式); melt:v.融化;(使)软化;
And it had this quality that we loved, this idea of the embodied light, but on the inside, we wanted something with a soft light, like the inner lining of a jacket. 我们很喜欢这种玻璃的特质 因为它能够透光 但也希望内部有个柔和的光源 像是外套的内衬一样
On the outside you have protection,but on the inside you touch it. 外层提供保护,内层则会实际接触到肌肤
So we found this tiny vein in a huge quarry in Portugal with this beautiful stone, which the owner had kept for seven generations in his family, waiting for the right project,if you can believe it. 我们在葡萄牙发现一条小矿脉 矿脉中富含这种美丽的石头 这些石头在矿主家传了七代 只为等待合适的计画,信不信由你
vein:n.血管;叶脉;[地质]岩脉;纹理;翅脉;性情;vt.使成脉络;象脉络般分布于; quarry:n.采石场;猎物;来源;vi.费力地找;vt.挖出;努力挖掘;
Look at this material, it's beautiful. 看看这个石材,多么美丽
And the way it lights up;it has that translucent quality. 点亮它后,会呈现半透明的状态
So here you see the structure. 这边可以看到建筑架构
It lets the light through. 光线能够透过去
And looking down, the nine wings are bound , structurally but symbolically strong, a great symbol of unity: pure geometry , a perfect circle, 30 meters in section and in plan,perfectly symmetrical , like the idea of sacredness and geometry. 而往下俯瞰 九面侧翼一同汇聚 结构坚固且意义重大 那是合一的象征 也是纯粹的几何与完美的圆 每部分高达30公尺,就跟设计图上的一样完美的对称 就像是神圣与几何的概念
bound:n.跳跃:v.跳跃着跑:形成…的边界(或界限)adj.一定会:很可能会: structurally:adv.在结构上; symbolically:adv.象征性地;象征意义地; geometry:n.几何学;几何结构; symmetrical:adj.匀称的,对称的; sacredness:n.神圣;尊崇为神物;受人尊敬;
And here you see the building going up, 2,000 steel nodes , 9,000 pieces of steel, 7,800 stone pieces, 10,000 cast glass pieces,all individual shapes, the entire superstructure all described , engineered, fabricated with aerospace technology , prefabricated machine to machine,robotically, a huge team effort, you can imagine, of literally hundreds,and within three percent of our $30 million budget set in 2006. 我们一路看着建筑向上兴建 2000个钢骨节点 9000片建筑钢 7800片石材 一万片铸造玻璃,每片独立成形刚提到的整个上层建筑 是以航太技术设计、打造 以多台机器预先制造 过程精密准确 这是大规模的团队合作 由数百人组成 只用了三千万预算中的3% 这是在2006年订下的
nodes:n.茎节;(根或枝上的)瘤,节,结;节点;(node的复数) individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; superstructure:n.上层建筑;上部构造; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) aerospace:n.航空宇宙;[航]航空航天空间; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; prefabricated:adj.预制构件的;v.预先建造组合(prefabricate的过去分词); literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
(Applause) （观众掌声）
Nine wings bound together forming a nine-pointed star, and the star shape moving in space, tracking the sun. 九面侧翼汇聚 形成一颗九芒星 这颗星星会随着时空移动 追随着阳光
tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
So here it is. 这就是最终样貌！
Audience: Wow! （观众惊呼）
(Applause) （观众掌声）
Hopefully, a befitting response to that beautiful quote, "a prayer answered," 我们希望这能呼应那句优美的祷文 「蒙应允的祈祷」
befitting:adj.相宜的;v.适合;对…相称;(befit的现在分词)
open in all directions, capturing the blue light of dawn , tent-like white light of day, the gold light of the afternoon, and of course, at night, the reversal : sensuous, catching the light in all kinds of mysterious ways. 向四面八方开展 捕捉破晓时的蓝光 白晝时有着帷幕状的白光 午后则有金黄色的光芒 当然,到了晚上,一切翻转: 这是感性的 以各种神秘的方式捕捉光
dawn:n.黎明;开端;vt.破晓;出现;被领悟; tent-like:幕状的; white light:n.白光; reversal:n.逆转;[摄]反转;[法]撤销; mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的;
And the site : it's interesting;14 years ago when we made the submission , we showed the temple set against the Andes . 有趣的是,我们14年前提交建案时 是把灵曦堂设立在与安第斯山相对的位置
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; submission:n.投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭; set against:反对;使对立;使平衡; Andes:n.安第斯山脉;
We didn't have the Andes as our site, but after nine years, that's exactly where we ended up,the lines of the temple set against nothing but pure nature, 我们没有要将安第斯山当作灵曦堂的位址 但9年之后,却真的建在安第斯山旁 灵曦堂的轮廓与纯粹的自然相映
and you turn around and you get nothing but the city below you, and inside, a view in all directions, radiating gardens from each of the alcoves , radiating paths. 转过身便能俯瞰整座城市 室内则有360度美景 放射状的花园 从各壁龛外旋 形成辐射状的步道
radiating:adj. v.发射出(光,热等)(radiate的现在分词); alcoves:n.凹室;壁龛;
Last October, the opening ceremonies — a beautiful, sacred event, a continuous river of visitors, indigenous people from all over South America, some who had never left their villages. 去年十月的开幕仪式 既美丽又神圣 接踵而至 包含许多南美洲原住民 当中有些甚至不曾离开自己的村庄
continuous:adj.连续的,持续的;继续的;连绵不断的; indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的;
And of course, that this temple belongs to people, the collective , of many cultures and walks of life, many beliefs, and for me, what's most important is what it feels like on the inside; that it feel intimate , sacred, and that everyone is welcome. 而这座神庙当然属于人民 这些人民来自不同文化背景及各行各業 拥有不同信仰 对我来说,最重要的是内在的感觉 那是种亲密的感觉 神圣的感觉 我们欢迎所有的人
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; intimate:n.知己; v.暗示; adj.亲密的;
And if even a few who come have the same reaction as that security guard, then it truly would be their temple. 而要是真的有些人 有和警卫相同的反应 那就真的是属于他们的神庙
And I would love that. 我也会很高兴
Thank you. 谢谢各位
(Applause) （观众掌声）