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ShivaniSiroya_2016U-_向没有信用历史的人提供的智能贷款_
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| How much do you need to know about a person before you'd feel comfortable making a loan? |
你需要多了解一个人 才能放心地借钱给他？ |
| Suppose you wanted to lend 1,000 dollars to the person sitting two rows behind you. |
假设你想借出1000美金 给那个和你坐着隔着两行的人 |
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Suppose:v.推断:假定:假设:设想:
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| What would you need to know about that person before you'd feel comfortable? |
你需要知道这个人的哪些信息 你才能感到放心呢？ |
| My mom came to the US from India in her late thirties. |
我妈妈在她三十多岁的时候从印度来到美国 |
| She's a doctor in Brooklyn, and she often lets friends and neighbors come to see her for health services, whether they can pay right away or not. |
她是布鲁克林的一名医生 她也经常为她的朋友和邻居提供健康服务 不管他们能不能立刻付款 |
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right away:立刻;
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| I remember running into her patients with her at the grocery store or on the sidewalk , and sometimes they would come and pay her right on the spot for previous appointments . |
我记得有一次和她在食品杂货店或者是在人行道上 遇到她的病人 有时他们会立刻向她付款 而且预约 |
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patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货; sidewalk:n.人行道; on the spot:adj.现场的; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; appointments:n.约会;预约;约定;任命;委任;职位;(appointment的复数)
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| She would thank them, and ask them about their families and their health. |
她会向他们表示感谢 还问他们家庭和健康的情况 |
| She gave them credit because she trusted them. |
她借钱给他们是因为她相信他们 |
| Most of us are like my mom. |
我们中的大多数就像我的妈妈 |
| We would give credit to someone we know or that we live next to. |
我们会借钱给我们认识的人 或是住在我们附近的人 |
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give credit to:赞许;相信;
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| But most of us are probably not going to lend to a stranger unless we know a little something about them. |
但是我们中的多数人不会借钱给陌生人 除非我们对他们有一定的了解 |
| Banks, credit card companies and other financial institutions don't know us on a personal level, but they do have a way of trusting us, and that's through our credit scores. |
银行、信用卡公司和其它金融机构 不是在个人的层面了解我们 但他们有信任我们的一套方法 就是通过我们的信用评分 |
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credit card:n.[经]信用卡; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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| Our credit scores have been created through an aggregation and analysis of our public consumer credit data. |
我们的信用评分 从对我们的消费者信贷资料的整合和分析中产生 |
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aggregation:n.[地质][数]聚合,聚集;聚集体,集合体; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者;
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| And because of them, we have pretty much easy access to all of the goods and services that we need, from getting electricity to buying a home, or taking a risk and starting a business. |
而且因为它,我们能更容易 获得我们需要的商品和服务 从用电到买房 到承担风险去开办公司 |
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electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
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| But ... |
但是 |
| there are 2.5 billion people around the world that don't have a credit score. |
世界上有25亿的人 没有信用评分 |
| That's a third of the world's population. |
这就相当于世界人口的1/3 |
| They don't have a score because there are no formal public records on them -- no bank accounts, no credit histories and no social security numbers. |
他们没有评分 是因为他们没有正式的公共记录 ——没有银行账号 没有信用记录 没有社保账号 |
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formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服; social security:n.社会保障金(政府定期向贫穷、失业、患病等人发放);
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| And because they don't have a score, they don't have access to the credit or financial products that can improve their lives. |
而且因为他们没有信用评分 他们不能获得 可以提高他们生活品质的贷款和金融产品 |
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improve:v.改进;改善;
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| They are not trusted. |
他们不被信任 |
| So we wanted to find a way to build trust and to open up financial access for these 2.5 billion. |
所以我们想要探索方法去建立信用 让这25亿人获得各种金融产品 |
| So we created a mobile application that builds credit scores for them using mobile data. |
所以我们创造了一个手机应用 可以帮他们通过移动数据建立信用评分 |
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mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
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| There are currently over one billion smartphones in emerging markets. |
目前在新兴市场上有超过10亿的智能手机 |
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currently:adv.当前;一般地; smartphones:智能手机(smartphone的复数); emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词)
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| And people are using them the same way that we do. |
人们和我们一样在使用他们 |
| They're texting their friends, they're looking up directions, they're browsing the Internet and they're even making financial transactions . |
他们也给朋友发短信也看地图查方向 他们也浏览互联网 他们甚至进行金融转账 |
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browsing:v.随便看看;浏览;翻阅;浏览信息;(browse的现在分词) transactions:n.处理,[图情]会报;汇报(transaction复数);
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| Over time, this data is getting captured on our phones, and it provides a really rich picture of a person's life. |
长久以来,这些数据都存在我们的手机里 它能提供关于一个人生活的全面的图景 |
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captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
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| Our customers give us access to this data and we capture it through our mobile application. |
我们的顾客允许我们获得这些信息 我们通过手机应用获得它 |
| It helps us understand the creditworthiness of people like Jenipher, a small-business owner in Nairobi, Kenya. |
它帮助我们了解 像肯尼亚内罗毕的小生意人—詹妮弗的信誉度 |
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creditworthiness:n.好信誉;有资格接受信用贷款;
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| Jenipher is 65 years old, and for decades has been running a food stall in the central business district . |
詹妮弗现在65岁 经营一个在中心商业区的食品摊位数十年 |
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stall:n.摊位;牲畜棚;小隔间,淋浴室,洗手间;v.(使)熄火,抛锚;故意拖延; central business district:中央商务区;
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| She has three sons who she put through vocational school , and she's also the leader of her local chama, or savings group. |
她把她的三个儿子都送到了职业学校 她也是当地协会和节能团队 的负责人 |
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put through:v.接通;完成;使穿过;使从事,使经受; vocational school:n.(美国)职业学校; savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数)
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| Jenipher's food stall does well. |
詹妮弗的食品摊位生意红火 |
| She makes just enough every day to cover her expenses . |
她每天能赚足够一天开销的钱 |
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expenses:n.费用;价钱;开销;开支;花费;(expense的复数)
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| But she's not financially secure. |
但是她没有经济的保障 |
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financially:adv.财政上;金融上;
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| Any emergency could force her into debt . |
任何紧急情况的发生都会让她陷入债务 |
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emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; debt:n.债务;借款;罪过;
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| And she has no discretionary income to improve her family's way of living, for emergencies , or for investing into growing her business. |
而且她没有可以自由支配的收入 去提高她的家庭的生活水平 应对紧急状况 或者投资去扩展她的生意 |
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discretionary:adj.任意的;自由决定的; emergencies:n.突发事件;紧急情况;(emergency的复数) investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
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| If Jenipher wants credit, her options are limited . |
假如詹妮弗想要贷款她的选择也很有限 |
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options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式) limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
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| She could get a microloan, but she'd have to form a group that could help vouch for her credibility . |
她可以申请微贷款 但是她一定要组织一个团队来帮助保证她的可信度 |
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vouch:v.担保;证明;传出庭作证;保证;证明;确定; credibility:n.可信性;确实性;
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| And even then, the loan sizes would be way too small to really have an impact on her business, averaging around 150 dollars. |
而且即使如此,她能贷款的额度也非常小 以至于不能真正改善她的生意 ——只有平均150美元 |
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impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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| Loan sharks are always an option, but with interest rates that are well above 300 percent, they're financially risky. |
高利贷总是一个选择 但是他们的利息率在300%以上 这是经济上的冒险 |
| And because Jenipher doesn't have collateral or a credit history, she can't walk into a bank and ask for a business loan. |
而且因为詹妮弗没有抵押或者信用记录 她不能到银行去申请商业贷款 |
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collateral:adj.并行的;旁系的;附属的;n.抵押品;[法]担保品;旁系亲属;
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| But one day, |
但是一天 |
| Jenipher's son convinced her to download our application and apply for a loan. |
詹妮弗的儿子说服她下载了我们的应用 并申请了一笔贷款 |
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convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
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| Jenipher answered a few questions on her phone and she gave us access to a few key data points on her device . |
詹妮弗用她的手机回答了几个问题 并给了我们使用她手机上几个关键数据的权限 |
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device:n.装置;策略;图案;
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| And here's what we saw. |
这就是我们看到的 |
| So, bad news first. |
那么,先说坏消息 |
| Jenipher had a low savings balance and no previous loan history. |
詹妮弗储蓄余额低之前也没有贷款历史 |
| These are factors that would have thrown up a red flag to a traditional bank. |
他们是 传统银行拒绝贷款的原因 |
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factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; traditional:传统的,惯例的,
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| But there were other points in her history that showed us a much richer picture of her potential . |
但是她的历史中有几点 向我们更全面地展示了她的潜能 |
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potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
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| So for one, we saw that she made regular phone calls to her family in Uganda . |
第一点 我们看到她定期给乌干达的家人打电话 |
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Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家);
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| Well, it turns out that the data shows a four percent increase in repayment among people who consistently communicate with a few close contacts . |
数据显示 那些经常和亲密的联系人联系的人 偿还贷款的可能性要高4% |
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repayment:n.偿还;[金融]付还; consistently:adv.一贯地;一致地;坚实地; contacts:v.联系,联络;(contact的第三人称单数)
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| We could also see that though she traveled around a lot throughout the day, she actually had pretty regular travel patterns, and she was either at home or at her food stall. |
我们同时也能看到 虽然她一天会去到很多地方 她实际上有相对固定的路线 不是在家里就是在食品摊位 |
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throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
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| And the data shows a six percent increase in repayment among customers who are consistent with where they spend most of their time. |
数据显示 生活路线规律的人 偿还贷款的可能性要高6% |
| We could also see that she communicated a lot with many different people throughout the day and that she had a strong support network. |
我们也能看到 她一天和很多不同的人交流 也就是她有很强的支持网络 |
| Our data shows that people who communicate with more than 58 different contacts tend to be more likely to be good borrowers . |
我们的数据显示 和超过58个不同的人联系的人 更容易是及时还款的贷款者 |
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borrowers:n.[金融]借款人(borrower的复数);剽窃者;
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| In Jenipher's case, she communicated with 89 different individuals , which showed a nine percent increase in her repayment. |
在詹妮弗的情况中 她和89个不同的联系人交流 她的偿还可能性又提高了9% |
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individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
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| These are just some of the thousands of different data points that we look at to understand a person's creditworthiness. |
这只是上千个我们用来 了解一个人的信誉度的不同数据中的一部分 |
| And after analyzing all of these different data points, we took the first risk and gave Jenipher a loan. |
在分析所有的数据之后 我们走出了第一步 向詹妮弗提供了贷款 |
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analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词);
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| This is data that would not be found on a paper trail or in any formal financial record. |
这些数据不会体现在书面记录 或者其他形式的经济记录中 |
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paper trail:n.(揭示来龙去脉的)系列文件;
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| But it proves trust. |
但它证明了信任 |
| By looking beyond income, we can see that people in emerging markets that may seem risky and unpredictable on the surface are actually willing and have the capacity to repay. |
通过看收入以外的方面 我们发现在新兴市场中的人们 表面上看来有风险、不可预测 但实际上愿意而且有能力去偿还贷款 |
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unpredictable:adj.不可预知的;不定的;出乎意料的;n.不可预言的事; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
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| Our credit scores have helped us deliver over 200,000 loans in Kenya in just the past year. |
我们的信用评分帮助我们仅仅在去年一年 在肯尼亚借出超过二十万笔贷款 |
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deliver over:交付;移交;
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| And our repayment rates are above 90 percent -- which, by the way , is in line with traditional bank repayment rates. |
我们的偿还贷款的比率在90%以上 ——也就是传统银行的偿还率 |
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by the way:顺便说一下; in line with:符合;与…一致;
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| With something as simple as a credit score, we're giving people the power to build their own futures. |
通过一些像信用评分一样简单的东西 我们给人们建设自己未来的能力 |
| Our customers have used their loans for family expenses, emergencies, travel and for investing back into growing their businesses. |
我们的顾客用贷款支付家庭开支、 紧急情况、旅游、 投资扩展自己的生意 |
| They're now building better economies and communities where more people can succeed. |
他们正在建设更加繁荣的经济和社会 在这个社会中更多的人能取得成功 |
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economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
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| Over the past two years of using our product, |
通过过去两年使用我们的产品 |
| Jenipher has increased her savings by 60 percent. |
詹妮弗的存款增加了60% |
| She's also started two additional food stalls and is now making plans for her own restaurant. |
她也开始了两个额外的食品摊位 而且正在计划开自己的餐馆 |
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additional:adj.附加的,额外的; stalls:n.摊位; v.(使)熄火,抛锚; (stall的第三人称单数和复数)
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| She's applying for a small-business loan from a commercial bank, because she now has the credit history to prove she deserves it. |
她正在从商业银行申请小企业贷款 因为她现在有了能够证明自己的资格的信用历史 |
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applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词) commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; deserves:v.值得;应得;应受;(deserve的第三人称单数)
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| I saw Jenipher in Nairobi just last week, and she told me how excited she was to get started. |
我上星期在内罗毕见到了詹妮弗 她告诉我她能着手准备有多激动 |
| She said, "Only my son believed I could do this. I didn't think this was for me." |
她说: “只有我儿子相信我能做到这些,我都不相信这些都是为我准备的。” |
| She's lived her whole life believing that there was a part of the world that was closed off to her. |
她曾经以为一部分世界的大门 已经向她关闭了 |
| Our job now is to open the world to Jenipher and the billions like her that deserve to be trusted. |
我们的工作就是向詹妮弗以及像她一样的 值得被信任的几十亿人口打开世界的大门 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |