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SherylWuDunn_2010G-_本世纪最大的不公_
The global challenge that I want to talk to you about today rarely makes the front pages. 我今天要跟大家谈的全球性挑战 很少出现在头版头条
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
It, however, is enormous in both scale and importance. 但是,它影响之广,之深, 都不可小视。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
Look, you all are very well traveled; this is TEDGlobal after all. 这里是TED全球论坛; 相信在座各位一定去过很多地方。
But I do hope to take you to some places you've never been to before. 但我仍希望带你们去一些地方, 那是你们一定从没有去过的
So, let's start off in China. 我们从中国出发
This photo was taken two weeks ago. 这张照片摄于两周前。
Actually, one indication is that little boy on my husband's shoulders is just graduated from high school. 这个骑在我丈夫肩膀上的小男孩 其实刚高中毕业。
indication:n.显示;表明;标示;象征;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But this in Tiananmen Square. 这是在天安门广场。
Many of you have been there. It's not the real China. 你们中很多人应该都去过那儿。但那并非真正的中国。
Let me take you to the real China. 我要带你们去看看真正的中国。
This is in the Dabian Mountains in the remote part of Hubei province in central China. 这是在大别山, 中国中部湖北省的偏远山区。
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的;
Dai Manju is 13 years-old at the time the story starts. 故事开始的时候,戴曼君（音译）才13岁。
She lives with her parents, her two brothers and her great-aunt . 她和父母一起生活, 还有她的两个弟弟,和她的大姨。
great-aunt:n.姑姥姥;伯祖母;
They have a hut that has no electricity , no running water, no wristwatch , no bicycle. 他们所住的茅屋没有电, 也没有自来水, 没有手表,没有自行车。
hut:n.小屋;木屋;[军事]临时营房;[美俚]牢房;v.(使)住临时营房[小屋]; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; wristwatch:n.手表;
And they share this great splendor with a very large pig. 他们和一头很壮实的猪, 一起住在这栋豪宅里。
splendor:n.光彩;壮丽;显赫;
Dai Manju was in sixth grade when her parents said, "We're going to pull you out of school because the 13-dollar school fees are too much for us. 戴曼君读六年级时,她父母说: “我们想让你退学, 学费要13块美金,对我们来说太贵了。
You're going to be spending the rest of your life in the rice paddies . 你反正要在稻田度过一生,
paddies:n.稻田(复数paddies);爱尔兰人;Patrick(男子名)和Patricia(女子名)的昵称;
Why would we waste this money on you?" 我们又何必在你身上浪费钱？”
This is what happens to girls in remote areas. 偏远山区的女孩子们处境都类似。
Turns out that Dai Manju was the best pupil in her grade. 事实是, 戴曼君是全年级最棒的学生。
She still made the two-hour trek to the schoolhouse and tried to catch every little bit of information that seeped out of the doors. 每一天,她跋涉两个小时去学校, 恨不得抓住每一点每一滴 从门缝里渗出的知识。
trek:v.长途跋涉;远足,徒步旅行;n.长途跋涉(尤指在山区); schoolhouse:n.校舍; seeped:vi.漏;渗出;n.小泉;水陆两用的吉普车;
We wrote about her in the New York Times. 我写了篇关于她的文章,刊登在纽约时报上。
We got a flood of donations -- mostly 13-dollar checks, because New York Times readers are very generous in tiny amounts. 捐款像洪水一般涌来-- 大部分是13美金的支票, 因为纽约时报的读者们 在小钱上特别慷慨。
donations:n.捐赠物;捐赠;赠送;(donation的复数) generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But then, we got a money transfer for $10,000 -- really nice guy. 但是有一天,我们收到了一笔 一万美金的转账-- 真是个善良的读者。
transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
We turned the money over to that man there, the principal of the school. 我们后来把钱给了那所学校的校长。
principal:adj.主要的;资本的;n.首长;校长;资本;当事人;
He was delighted . 他很高兴。
delighted:adj.高兴的; v.使高兴; (delight的过去分词和过去式)
He thought, "Oh, I can renovate the school. 他想,“我可以翻修学校了。
renovate:vt.更新;修复;革新;刷新;
I can give scholarships to all the girls." 我还可以给那些女孩子发奖学金。”
scholarships:n.奖学金;学问;学术;学术研究;(scholarship的复数)
You know, if they work hard and stay in school. 只要她们愿意继续努力读书。
So Dai Manju basically finished out middle school . 因此戴曼君 完成了初中学业。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; middle school:n.初中;(英国为9到13岁儿童所设的)中间学校;
She went to high school. 她接着读了高中。
She went to vocational school for accounting. 她利用假期学了会计。
vocational school:n.(美国)职业学校;
She scouted for jobs down in Guangdong province in the south. 她在中国南部的广州省求职。
scouted:n.搜索,侦察;侦察员;侦察机;vt.侦察;跟踪,监视;发现;vi.侦察;巡视;嘲笑;
She found a job, she scouted for jobs for her classmates and her friends. 她找到了工作, 也为她的同学和朋友找到了工作。
She sent money back to her family. 她寄钱回家。
They built a new house, this time with running water, electricity, a bicycle, no pig. 他们盖了新房子, 用上了自来水, 通了电,买了自行车, 不过没有猪了。
What we saw was a natural experiment. 这一切都是真实而自然地发生的。
It is rare to get an exogenous investment in girls' education. 很少女孩子 能得到一笔额外的教育投资。
exogenous:adj.外生的;外因的;外成的; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
And over the years, as we followed Dai Manju, we were able to see that she was able to move out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle. 这些年我们一直关注着戴曼君, 我们欣慰地看到她走出世代的恶循环 开创了自己的新生活。
vicious:adj.恶毒的;恶意的;堕落的;有错误的;品性不端的;剧烈的; virtuous:adj.善良的;有道德的;贞洁的;正直的;有效力的;
She not only changed her own dynamic , she changed her household , she changed her family, her village. 这远非是她一个人的改变, 整个家族,整个村庄都因她而改变了。
dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
The village became a real stand-out . 这个村子后来成为了远近闻名的模范村。
stand-out:突出;站出来;坚持到底;坚决反对;
Of course, most of China was flourishing at the time, but they were able to get a road built to link them up to the rest of China. 当然了,那段时间整个中国都是一派繁荣景象。 这个村子建了一条公路, 从此与外界相通。
flourishing:adj.繁荣的;繁茂的;v.繁荣;兴旺;茁壮成长;(flourish的现在分词)
And that brings me to my first major of two tenets of "Half the Sky." 我写《半边天》的两个信条之一 是从这里得到启发的。
tenets:n.原理,原则(tenet的复数);信条;
And that is that the central moral challenge of this century is gender inequity . 这一个信条就是 本世纪 最大的伦理道德挑战 是性别不公。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; gender:n.性别; inequity:n.不公平,不公正;
In the 19th century it was slavery . 在19世纪是奴隶制。
slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的;
In the 20th century it was totalitarianism . 在20世纪是极权主义。
totalitarianism:n.极权主义;
The cause of our time is the brutality that so many people face around the world because of their gender. 这两点直接导致 全世界这么多人因为性别 而受到不公正待遇的残酷现实。
brutality:n.无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式);
So some of you may be thinking, "Gosh, that's hyperbole . 你们中有些人可能在想, “天哪,这有点太夸张了。
hyperbole:n.夸张的语句;夸张法;
She's exaggerating ." 她是在夸大事实。”
exaggerating:v.夸张;夸大;言过其实(exaggerate的现在分词)
Well, let me ask you this question. 那么请让我提出这个问题。
How many of you think there are more males or more females in the world? 你们中多少人认为世界上的男性比较多,或者女性比较多？
Let me take a poll . How many of you think there are more males in the world? 我们来问卷调查吧。多少人认为世界上男性比较多？
poll:n.投票; v.获得(票数); adj.当事人一方作成的;
Hands up, please. 请举手。
How many of you think -- a few -- how many of you there are more females in the world? 多少人认为世界上女性比较多？
Okay, most of you. 好了,绝大多数。
Well, you know this latter group, you're wrong. 之后举手的,你们都错了。
latter:adj.后者的;近来的;后面的;较后的;
There are, true enough, in Europe and the West, when women and men have equal access to food and health care , there are more women, we live longer. 百分之一百的事实是, 在欧洲和西方国家, 女人和男人 在饮食和医疗享有同等待遇, 女性比男性多,因为女性寿命较长。
health care:n.卫生保健;
But in most of the rest of the world, that's not the case. 然而在其他地方,事实正相反。
In fact, demographers have shown that there are anywhere between 60 million and 100 million missing females in the current population. 人口统计显示, 目前人口中, 存在着 约6000万到1亿的女性人口缺口。
demographers:n.[统计]人口统计学家,人口学家;
And, you know, it happens for several reasons. 原因有几个。
For instance , in the last half-century, more girls were discriminated to death than all the people killed on all the battlefields in the 20th century. 比如,20世纪后50年内 死于歧视的女孩 比整个20世纪内死于战场的人 还要多。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; discriminated:辨别; battlefields:n.杀戮战场(BBC的纪录片);
Sometimes it's also because of the sonogram . 还有一个原因是超声波的使用。
sonogram:n.声波图;声谱记录;语图;
Girls get aborted before they're even born when there are scarce resources . 资源的稀缺 导致女孩甚至在出世前就被抛弃。
aborted:adj.流产的;夭折的;v.(使)流产;(使)夭折(abort的过去式及过去分词形式); scarce:adv.勉强;刚;几乎不;简直不;adj.缺乏的;不足的;稀少的; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
This girl here, for instance, is in a feeding center in Ethiopia . 比如,这个女孩, 当时在埃塞俄比亚的一个补给中心。
Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚;
The entire center was filled with girls like her. 整个中心都是和她一样的女童。
What's remarkable is that her brothers, in the same family, were totally fine. 值得注意的是,她的亲生兄弟们, 却全部安然无恙。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
In India, in the first year of life, from zero to one, boy and girl babies basically survive at the same rate because they depend upon the breast, and the breast shows no son preference . 在印度, 从零到一岁之间, 男婴和女婴的存活率相同, 因为都靠母乳喂养, 母亲的乳房不会多爱儿子一点。
depend upon:依赖;取决于; preference:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;
From one to five, girls die at a 50 percent higher mortality rate than boys, in all of India. 从一岁到五岁, 整个印度, 女孩的死亡率比男孩高50%。
mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
The second tenet of "Half the Sky" 《半边天》的第二个信条,
is that, let's put aside the morality of all the right and wrong of it all. 让我们暂且不去争论道德理论和对错,
morality:n.道德;品行,美德;
And just on a purely practical level, we think that one of the best ways to fight poverty and to fight terrorism is to educate girls and to bring women into the formal labor force. 在最现实的层面, 我们认为, 战胜贫困和恐怖主义的最佳途径 就是让女孩接受教育, 让女人成为正式劳动力。
purely:adv.完全;仅仅; practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; terrorism:n.恐怖主义; formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服;
Poverty, for instance. 拿贫困来说。
There are three reasons why this is the case. 我有三个原因。
For one, overpopulaton is one of the persistent causes of poverty. 第一,人口过剩 持续地导致了贫困的发生。
persistent:adj.固执的,坚持的;持久稳固的;
And you know, when you educate a boy, his family tends to have fewer kids, but only slightly . 一个接受了教育的男孩, 倾向于生更少的孩子, 不过这种倾向很弱。
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
When you educate a girl, she tends to have significantly fewer kids. 而一个接受了教育的女孩, 会强烈地倾向于少要孩子。
significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
The second reason is it has to do with spending. 第二个原因 与消费有关。
It's kind of like the dirty, little secret of poverty, which is that, not only do poor people take in very little income, but also, the income that they take in, they don't spend it very wisely. 某种意义上,可以说是贫困的 肮脏的小秘密, 穷人不仅仅 收入少得可怜, 而且,他们也不懂 如何理智地花钱。
And unfortunately , most of that spending is done by men. 很不幸,大部分消费都是由男人决定的。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
So research has shown, if you look at people who live under two dollars a day -- one metric of poverty -- two percent of that take-home pay goes to this basket here, in education. 有研究显示, 那些每天消费两美金以下的人-- 这绝对是标准的贫困人群-- 他们百分之二的收入 用于这个篮子,教育。
metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的; take-home pay:n.(扣除税项等之后的)实得工资;
20 percent goes to a basket that is is a combination of alcohol , tobacco, sugary drinks and prostitution and festivals. 百分之二十进了这个篮子, 酒精,烟草,含糖饮料 嫖妓,和节庆。
combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; alcohol:n.酒精;乙醇;含酒精饮料; sugary:adj.含糖的;甜的;糖状的;甜言蜜语的; prostitution:n.卖淫;滥用;出卖灵魂;
If you just take four percentage points and put it into this basket, you would have a transformative effect. 如果仅把百分之四 放在这个篮子里, 相信会是一次质变。
percentage:n.百分比;百分率;利润的分成;提成; transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的;
The last reason has to do with women being part of the solution , not the problem. 最后一个原因, 女性绝非社会问题,反而是解决方案的一部分。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
You need to use scarce resources. 你必须使用稀缺资源。
It's a waste of resources if you don't use someone like Dai Manju. 不给戴曼君这样的孩子机会,绝对是资源浪费。
Bill Gates put it very well when he was traveling through Saudi Arabia . 比尔盖茨有段话说的很好, 是关于他在沙地阿拉伯的穿越旅行。
Saudi:adj.沙乌地阿拉伯(人或语)的;n.沙乌地阿拉伯人; Arabia:n.阿拉伯半岛(亚洲西南部,等于ArabianPeninsula);
He was speaking to an audience much like yourselves. 他当时面对着和你们一样的观众。
However, two-thirds of the way there was a barrier . 不过,大概三分之二远处,有一排围栏。
two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
On this side was men, and then the barrier, and this side was women. 围栏这一边是男人, 围栏另一边是女人。
And someone from this side of the room got up and said, "Mr. Gates, we have here as our goal in Saudi Arabia to be one of the top 10 countries when it comes to technology . 然后这一边有人站起来说, “盖茨先生,我们沙地阿拉伯有个目标, 就是在科技领域, 成为世界上最棒的10个国家之一。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Do you think we'll make it?" 你认为我们能做到吗？”
So Bill gates, as he was staring out at the audience, he said, "If you're not fully utilizing half the resources in your country, there is no way you will get anywhere near the top 10." 比尔盖茨看着这位观众,说, “如果你们不充分利用这个国家的另一半资源, 前十对你们来说永远遥不可及。”
staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词) utilizing:v.利用(utilize的ing形式);
So here is Bill of Arabia. 这位就是阿拉伯比尔。
(Laughter) （笑声）
So what would some of the specific challenges look like? 那么具体来说 又有哪些挑战？
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
I would say, on the top of the agenda is sex trafficking. 我认为当前最首要的 是非法性交易。
agenda:n.议事日程;
And I'll just say two things about this. 这一点我只说两件事。
The slavery at the peak of the slave trade in the 1780s: there were about 80,000 slaves transported from Africa to the New World. 奴隶制的巅峰 是在18世纪80年代。 大约有8万名奴隶, 从非洲被运往新大陆。
peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的; slave trade:n.(尤指17–19世纪的)奴隶买卖; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式)
Now, modern slavery: according to State Department rough statistics , there are about 800,000 -- 10 times the number -- that are trafficked across international borders. 今天,现代化奴隶制: 美国国务院粗略统计, 大约有80万人--当时数字的10倍-- 被非法贩卖,穿越国境。
according to:根据,据说; State Department:n.(美国)国务院; statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
And that does not even include those that are trafficked within country borders, which is a substantial portion . 这甚至还不包括那些 在国境内非法穿越的 大量群体。
substantial:adj.大量的;实质的;内容充实的;n.本质;重要材料; portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分);
And if you look at another factor , another contrast , a slave back then is worth about $40,000 in today's money. 如果再看看 另一个要素, 过去一个奴隶的标价 换算到今天 约为4万美金。
factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入; contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
Today, you can buy a girl trafficked for few hundred dollars, which means she's actually more disposable . 今天,你可以只花几百美金 买到一个女孩, 这意味着她比奴隶更不值钱。
disposable:adj.可任意处理的;可自由使用的;用完即可丢弃的;
But you know, there is progress being made in places like Cambodia and Thailand . 不过在柬埔寨和泰国, 情况已有改进。
Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲); Thailand:n.泰国(东南亚国家名);
We don't have to expect a world where girls are bought and sold or killed. 这个世界, 不该有女孩被买卖或杀害。
The second item on the agenda is maternal mortality. 第二重要的事, 是母亲的死亡率。
item:n.条款,项目;一则;一件商品(或物品);adj.又,同上; maternal:adj.母亲的;母性的;母系的;母体遗传的;
You know, child birth in this part of the world is a wonderful event. 在美国,一个孩子的出世 是很美妙的事。
In Niger, one in seven women can expect to die during childbirth . 而在尼日尔（非洲中西部国家）,每7个妇女中 就有1个死于难产。
childbirth:n.分娩;
Around the world, one woman dies every minute and a half from childbirth. 在全世界, 每90秒就有一位准妈妈死于难产。
You know, it's not as though we don't have the technological solution, but these women have three strikes against them: they are poor, they are rural and they are female . 这并不只是 技术问题, 而是这些女性有三个致命弱点: 贫困,闭塞, 还有她们是女性。
technological:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
You know, for every woman who does die, there are 20 who survive but end up with an injury . 另外,每死去1名产妇, 有20位能幸运存活, 但她们多有后遗症。
injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处;
And the most devastating injury is obstetric fistula . 最残忍的后遗症 是阴道瘘管。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) obstetric:adj.产科的;生产的,分娩的; fistula:n.[医]瘘管;[昆]细管(尤指鳞翅目昆虫);
It's a tearing during obstructed labor that leaves a woman incontinent . 这是一种难产时发生的撕伤, 会导致失禁。
obstructed:adj.阻塞的;梗阻的,不通的;v.阻塞;妨碍;遮住(obstruct的过去分词形式); incontinent:adj.失禁的;不能自制的,无节制的;荒淫的;adv.立即,即刻;
Let me tell you about Mahabuba. 我要告诉你们马哈布巴的故事。
She lives in Ethiopia. 她住在埃塞俄比亚。
She was married against her will at age 13. 她13岁时被迫结婚。
She got pregnant , ran to the bush to have the baby, but you know, her body was very immature , and she ended up having obstructed labor. 她怀孕了,试图在灌木丛中生下孩子, 但她的身体还那么稚嫩, 她不幸发生了难产。
pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; immature:adj.不成熟的;未成熟的;粗糙的;
The baby died, and she ended up with a fistula. 孩子死了,她得了阴道瘘管。
So that meant she was incontinent; she couldn't control her wastes. 这意味着她会失禁。 她无法控制大小便。
In a word, she stank . 总之,她浑身发臭。
stank:n.池塘;水沟;小水坝;v.发出恶臭(stink的过去式);
The villagers thought she was cursed; they didn't know what to do with her. 村民认为她被诅咒了;他们也不知道如何对待她。
So finally , they put her at the edge of the village in a hut. 所以他们把她安置在村子边缘的小草屋内。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
They ripped off the door so that the the hyenas would get her at night. 并且把门卸掉, 好让土狼晚上进来吃她。
hyenas:n.土狼(hyena的复数形式);
That night, there was a stick in the hut. 那天晚上,草屋里只有一根棍子。
She fought off the hyenas with that stick. 她奋力用棍子赶跑了土狼。
And the next morning, she new if she could get to a nearby village where there was a foreign missionary , she would be saved. 第二天早上, 她决定去邻村找外国传教士, 她知道他们会救她。
nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近; missionary:adj.传教的;传教士的;n.传教士;
Because she had some damage to her nerves , she crawled all the way -- 30 miles -- to that doorstep , half dead. 因为神经受到创伤, 她一路是爬过去的--30里路-- 她爬到的时候,已经奄奄一息。
nerves:n.神经;神经紧张;勇气;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神;(nerve的第三人称单数和复数) crawled:v.爬;爬行;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进(crawl的过去分词和过去式) doorstep:n.门阶;
The foreign missionary opened the door, knew exactly what had happened, took her to a nearby fistula hospital in Addis Ababa, and she was repaired with a 350-dollar operation. 外国传教士打开门, 了解了一切, 带她去了亚的斯亚贝巴的一所瘘管医院, 她得到了治疗, 350美金的手术。
The doctors and nurses there noticed that she was not only a survivor, she was really clever, and they made her a nurse. 那里的医生和护士还注意到, 她不仅是个幸存者, 她还非常聪明,所以他们让她做了护士。
So now, Mahabuba, she is saving the lives of hundreds, thousands, of women. 现在的马哈布巴, 每天都在拯救生命, 上百上千的女人的生命。
She has become part of the solution, not the problem. 她已经成为了解决方案的一部分,而非问题。
She's moved out of a vicious cycle and into a virtuous cycle. 她也冲破诅咒 开始了全新的生命循环。
I've talked about some of the challenges, let me talk about some of the solutions, and there are predictable solutions. 我已经谈了一些挑战, 现在来说说解决办法, 有可预测的解决办法。
predictable:adj.可预言的;
I've hinted at them: education and also economic opportunity. 其实我已经暗示过了:教育, 以及经济机会。
hinted:v.暗示;透露;示意;(hint的过去分词和过去式) economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
So of course, when you educate a girl, she tends to get married later on in life, she tends to have kids later on in life, she tends to have fewer kids, and those kids that she does have, she educates them in a more enlightened fashion. 很显然,一个接受了教育的女孩, 倾向于更迟结婚, 更晚生孩子,生更少的孩子, 并且对于她的孩子, 她会给他们提供更好的启蒙教育。
enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式)
With economic opportunity, it can be transformative. 至于经济机会, 改变是革命性的。
Let me tell you about Saima. 我要告诉你们赛玛的故事。
She lives in a small village outside Lahore, Pakistan. 她住在拉合尔市外的一个小村子,在巴基斯坦。
And at the time, she was miserable . 她当时悲惨到家了。
miserable:adj.悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的;
She was beaten every single day by her husband, who was unemployed . 每一天 她都被她失业的丈夫殴打。
unemployed:adj.失业的;下岗的;n.(集合词)失业者;
He was kind of a gambler type -- and unemployable , therefore -- and took his frustrations out on her. 她丈夫类似赌徒,没有了工作, 所以拿她出气。
gambler:n.赌徒;投机商人; unemployable:adj.不能受雇的;n.不能受雇者; frustrations:n.沮丧;受阻;阻止;挫败;(frustration的复数)
Well, when she had her second daughter, her mother in-law told her son, "I think you'd better get a second wife. 当她生了第二个女儿后, 她婆婆对她丈夫说, “我觉得你该娶第二个妻子了。
in-law:n.姻亲;
Saima's not going to produce you a son." 赛玛生不了儿子。”
This is when she had her second daughter. 当时她刚生下二女儿。
At the time, there was a microlending group in the village that gave her a 65-dollar loan. 那个时候, 村子里有小额贷款项目, 给了她65美金的贷款。
microlending:n.小额贷款;
Saima took that money, and she started an embroidery business. 赛玛用这笔钱, 开始做刺绣生意。
embroidery:n.刺绣;刺绣品;粉饰;
The merchants liked her embroidery; it sold very well, and they kept asking for more. 商人们很喜欢她的刺绣;卖得很好, 不停地向她进货。
merchants:n.[贸易]商人(merchant的复数);
And when she couldn't produce enough, she hired other women in the village. 她没办法生产那么多, 于是她雇佣村子里其她妇女。
Pretty soon she had 30 women in the village working for her embroidery business. 很快她的刺绣生意就雇佣了 30个村子里的女人。
And then, when she had to transport all of the embroidery goods from the village to the marketplace , she needed someone to help her do the transport, so she hired her husband. 接着, 她必须把刺绣品 从村子运到市场去, 她需要有人帮她运输, 于是她雇佣了她丈夫。
marketplace:n.市场;集市;
So now they're in it together. 现在他们一起干。
He does the transportation and distribution , and she does the production and sourcing . 他负责运输和送货, 她负责生产和采购材料。
transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销; sourcing:v.(从…)获得;(source的现在分词)
And now they have a third daughter, and the daughters, all of them, are being tutored in education because Saima knows what's really important. 他们又有了第三个女儿, 三个女儿都接受了教育, 因为赛玛知道最重要的是什么。
Which brings me to the final element , which is education. 也就是我要说的最后一点,教育。
element:n.元素;要素;原理;成分;自然环境;
Larry Summers, when he was chief economist at the World Bank , once said that, "It may well be that the highest return on investment in the developing world is in girls' education." 拉里?萨默斯,世界银行首席经济学家, 曾说过, “世界上最高回报的投资, 就是发展中国家的 女童教育。”
World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构);
Let me tell you about Beatrice Biira. 下面这个故事有关碧翠斯 比拉.
Beatrice was living in Uganda near the Congo border, and like Dai Manju, she didn't go to school. 碧翠斯住在乌干达, 刚果边界附近, 和戴曼君一样,她失学了。
Uganda:n.乌干达(非洲国家);
Actually, she had never been to school, not to a lick , one day. 其实她从未去过学校, 一点都没有。
lick:v.舔;舔吃;舔着喝;掠过;轻松战胜;n.舔;一点儿(涂料);
Her parents, again, said, "Why should we spend the money on her? 她的父母也说, “我们为什么要在她身上花钱？
She's going to spend most of her life lugging water back and forth ." 她这辈子都只需要来来回回运水。”
lugging:n.超载运转能力;v.使劲拉(lug的现在分词形式); back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的;
Well, it just so happens, at that time, there was a group in Connecticut called the Niantic Community Church Group in Connecticut. 那时候她确实只是来来回回运水。 在康涅狄格州有一个团体, 名为“康涅狄格州奈安蒂克教会”。
Community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
They made a donation to an organization based in Arkansas called Heifer International. 他们给一个 位于阿肯色州德名为“小母牛”的 国际慈善组织捐款。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Heifer:n.小母牛;
Heifer sent two goats to Africa. “小母牛”送了两头山羊去非洲。
One of them ended up with Beatrice's parents. 其中一头最后给了碧翠斯的父母。
And that goat had twins. 那头山羊后来生了双胞胎。
The twins started producing milk. 双胞胎小山羊开始产奶。
They sold the milk for cash. 他们卖山羊奶赚钱。
The cash started accumulating , and pretty soon the parents said, "You know, we've got enough money. Let's send Beatrice to school." 钱越来越多, 有一天她父母说, “既然我们有了足够的钱,就送碧翠斯去上学吧。”
accumulating:n.[数]累加;v.积累(accumulate的ing形式);
So at nine years of age, 所以在她九岁时,
Beatrice started in first grade -- after all, she'd never been to a lick of school -- with a six year-old. 碧翠斯开始读小学一年级-- 完全从头开始-- 和一群六岁的孩子一起。
No matter, she was just delighted to be in school. 尽管如此她非常高兴。
She rocketed to the top of her class. 她很快赶上进度并成为了最好的学生。
She stayed at the top of her class through elementary school , middle school, and then in high school, she scored brilliantly on the national examinations, 她始终保持着第一名, 小学,中学, 一直到高中, 她在全国统考中考了非常棒的分数,
elementary school:小学; brilliantly:adv.灿烂地;辉煌地;光亮地;
so that she became the first person in her village, ever, to come to the United States on scholarship. 于是她成为他们村子里, 第一个拿奖学金, 来到美国的人。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
Two years ago, she graduated from Connecticut College. 两年前, 她从康奈迪格学院毕业了。
On the day of her graduation, 毕业那天,
She said, "I am the luckiest girl alive because of a goat." 她说,“我如此幸运地活着, 多亏一头山羊。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
And that goat was $120. 那头山羊价值120美金。
So you see how transformative little bits of help can be. 你已经看到了 微薄的帮助如何带来巨变。
But I want to give you a reality check . 但我还要给你们看看事实。
reality check:n.(提醒人面对现实而不再想当然的)现实感检验;
Look: U.S. aid, helping people is not easy. 美国援助,助人不易。
And there have been books that have criticized U.S. aid. 有些书曾批评过美国援助。
criticized:v.批评;挑剔;指责;评论;评价;(criticize的过去式和过去分词)
There's Bill Easterly's book. 比如Bill Easterly的书。
There's a book called "Dead Aid." 书名为“死亡援助”。
You know, the criticism is fair; it isn't easy. 这些批评很中肯。 这不容易。
criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责;
You know, people say how half of all water well projects, a year later, failed. 人们质问 为何一年内,一半以上的水井项目都失败了。
When I was in Zimbabwe , we were touring a place with the village chief -- he wanted to raise money for a secondary school -- and there was some construction a few yards away, and I said, "What's that?" 当我在津巴布韦时, 一个村长带我们考察一个地方-- 他希望筹钱建造一所高中-- 几步远的地方在建造些什么东西, 我就问,“那是什么？”
Zimbabwe:n.津巴布韦(国家名,位于非洲); secondary school:中等学校; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
He sort of mumbled . 他支支吾吾不回答。
mumbled:vi.含糊的说话;
Turns out that it's a failed irrigation project. 结果那是一个失败的灌溉工程。
irrigation:n.灌溉;[临床]冲洗;冲洗法;
A few yards away was a failed chicken coop . 再几步远,是一个失败的鸡舍。
coop:vt.把…关进笼子里; vi.值勤警察在警车里打瞌睡; n.鸡笼;
One year, all the chickens died, and no one wanted to put the chickens in there. 一年时间,所有的鸡都死了,再没有人愿意在那里养鸡。
It's true, but we think that you don't through the baby out with the bathwater; you actually improve . 这都是真实的,但我们认为这并非竹篮打水一场空; 你实际上一直在进步。
improve:v.改进;改善;
You learn from your mistakes, and you continuously improve. 你从错误中学习,你一直在改进。
continuously:adv.连续不断地;
We also think that individuals can make a difference , and they should, because individuals, together, we can all help create a movement. 我们也认为个人有能力, 也应该去做一些改变, 聚沙成塔, 我们一起就可以制造一场改变。
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); make a difference:有影响,有关系;
And a movement of men and women is what's needed to bring about social change, change that will address this great moral challenge. 一场男人和女人的改变, 才能带来社会变革, 去战胜这个 艰巨的道德挑战。
So then, I ask, what's in it for you? 我想问的是, 你可以为此做些什么？
You're probably asking that. Why should you care? 你可以正有这个疑问:这于我何干？
I will just leave you with two things. 我只再说两点。
One is that research shows that once you have all of your material needs taken care of -- which most of us, all of us, here in this room do -- research shows that there are very few things in life that can actually elevate your level of happiness. 第一,研究显示, 一旦 你不必再担忧你的物质需求-- 我相信在座的所有人都不需担忧-- 研究说-- 还有几件事 可以让你的幸福感飙升。
elevate:vt.提升;举起;振奋情绪等;提升…的职位;
One of those things is contributing to a cause larger than yourself. 其中一个, 是超越个人范围的奉献。
contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词)
And the second thing. 另一个,
It's an anecdote that I'll leave you with. 就是我想告诉你们的一件趣事。
anecdote:n.轶事;奇闻;秘史;
And that is the story of an aid worker in Darfur . 这是一个有关 在达尔富尔的援助人员的故事。
Darfur:n.达尔富尔(苏丹地名);
Here was was a woman who had worked in Darfur, seeing things that no human being should see. 这个女人 在达尔富尔工作, 她看到的,都非人类应该看到的事。
Throughout her time there, she was strong, she was steadfast . 那段时间里, 她很坚定,很坚强,
Throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; steadfast:adj.坚定的;不变的;
She never broke down. 从未倒下。
And then she came back to the United States and was on break, Christmas break. 但当她回到美国的时候, 正值圣诞假期,
She was in her grandmother's backyard , and she saw something that made her break down in tears. 她坐在她祖母的后院里, 她所看到的让她哭成了泪人。
backyard:n.后院;后庭;
What that was was a bird feeder . 那其实 是一个喂鸟器。
feeder:n.支线;喂食器;奶瓶;饲养员;支流;
And she realized that she had the great fortune to be born in a country where we take security for granted , where we not only can feed, clothe and house ourselves, but also provide for wild birds so they don't go hungry in the winter. 她突然意识到 她能出生在这样一个和平的国家 是多么幸运, 在这个国家我们不仅 自己温饱无忧,居有定所, 还能在寒冬里 让这些小鸟免受饥饿折磨。
fortune:n.财富;命运;运气;v.给予财富,偶然发生 granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式) provide for:供养,供给;规定;为…作准备;
And she realized that with that great fortune comes great responsibility . 她突然意识到,这么大的幸运, 应该成为一份责任。
comes great responsibility:能者多劳;
And so, like her, you, me, we have all won the lottery of life. 所以, 你,我,都和她一样, 我们都中了生活的乐透。
lottery:n.彩票;碰运气的事,难算计的事;抽彩给奖法;
And so the question becomes: how do we discharge that responsibility? 我们要面对的问题是: 我们如何兑现相应的责任？
discharge:v.履行;释放;排出;流出;n.出院;执行;退伍;排出(物);
So, here's the cause. 一切由此开始。
Join the movement. 加入这场改变。
Feel happier and help save the world. 让自己更快乐,让世界更美好。
Thank you very much. 谢谢各位
(Applause) 掌声