返回首页

SherwinNuland_2003-_论希望_
You know, I am so bad at tech that my daughter -- who is now 41 -- when she was five, was overheard by me to say to a friend of hers, 我对科技一无所知, 我女儿, -- 现在41岁了 -- 在她五岁的时候,被我无意中听到 对她的一个小朋友说,
overheard:v.无意中听到;偷听;(overhear的过去分词)
If it doesn't bleed when you cut it, my daddy doesn't understand it. 任何你切下去不会流血的东西, 我爸爸是不会理解的.
bleed:v.流血;失血;放掉;散开;n.[印]出血版
(Laughter) (笑声)
So, the assignment I've been given may be an insuperable obstacle for me, but I'm certainly going to try. 所以, 我接到的这个任务 对我来说也许非常难以完成, 但我一定要尝试.
assignment:n.分配:(分派的)工作,任务: insuperable:adj.不能克服的;无敌的; obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石;
What have I heard during these last four days? 在过去的四天里, 我所到的是什么?
This is my third visit to TED. 这是我第三次来TED.
One was to TEDMED, and one, as you've heard, was a regular TED two years ago. 一个是TEDMED, 另一个也许你听过, 是两年前的TED常规演讲.
I've heard what I consider an extraordinary thing that I've only heard a little bit in the two previous TEDs, and what that is is an interweaving and an interlarding, an intermixing, of a sense of social responsibility in so many of the talks -- global responsibility, in fact, appealing to enlightened self-interest , but it goes far beyond enlightened self-interest. 我所考虑到的是很特别的事情 我只听说一点之前的两次TED演讲, 很多演讲里是一种内容的交织 一种混合, 一种思维的碰撞, 传达着社会责任感 以及 全球的责任感, 事实上他们是在启发大家的个人兴趣, 但效果远远超出了兴趣的启发.
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; interweaving:n.交织性;v.使交织;使混杂(interweave的ing形式); global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; appealing:adj.吸引人的; v.呼吁; (appeal的现在分词) enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式) self-interest:n.私利;利己主义;
One of the most impressive things about what some, perhaps 10, of the speakers have been talking about is the realization , as you listen to them carefully, that they're not saying: 印象最深刻的一件事 就是大概有十位讲师, 曾经演讲过认识 你认真的听他们讲, 他们并不是在讲:
impressive:adj.感人的;令人钦佩的;给人以深刻印象的; realization:n.实现;领悟;
Well, this is what we should do; this is what I would like you to do. 好,这些是我们应该做的,这些是我想让你们去做的.
It's: This is what I have done because I'm excited by it, because it's a wonderful thing, and it's done something for me and, of course, it's accomplished a great deal. 而是在讲: 这些是我已经做的 因为我很热爱它, 因为它是一个美好的东西, 它对我有着不同的意义, 当然, 它们也伴随着不错的成就.
accomplished:adj.完成的;有技巧的;有学问的;v.完成;(accomplish的过去分词和过去式)
It's the old concept, the real Greek concept, of philanthropy in its original sense: phil-anthropy: the love of humankind . 这是比较古老的希腊概念 是一种内心深处的善念: 博爱: 人类之爱.
philanthropy:n.博爱,慈善;慈善事业; original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的; humankind:n.人类(总称);
And the only explanation I can have for some of what you've been hearing in the last four days is that it arises , in fact, out of a form of love. 对于你过去四天所听到的内容, 我能给的唯一解释就是 那是爱的起源,实事上, 是爱的其它形势.
arises:v.出现;发生;站立;
And this gives me enormous hope. 这给了我极大的希望.
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
And hope, of course, is the topic that I'm supposed to be speaking about, which I'd completely forgotten about until I arrived. 希望, 当然 是我这次要演讲的主题, 但直到到这里时我才完全想起来.
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And when I did, I thought, well, I'd better look this word up in the dictionary. 然后,我想 好吧,我最好先查查这个词在字典里是什么意思.
So, Sarah and I -- my wife -- walked over to the public library, which is four blocks away, on Pacific Street, and we got the OED, and we looked in there, and there are 14 definitions of hope, none of which really hits you between the eyes as being the appropriate one. 所以, 我和Sarah(我老婆) 去了公共图书馆, 离太平洋大街只有四个街区的路, 然后我们拿了OED. 我们查到了希望的14种定义, 没有一个合适的解释 能真正打动你.
definitions:n.[数]定义(definition的复数形式); appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出;
And, of course, that makes sense, because hope is an abstract phenomenon; it's an abstract idea, it's not a concrete word. 当然, 这也合情合理, 因为希望是一个抽象的现象和概念, 并不只是个实词.
abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖
Well, it reminds me a little bit of surgery . 这就像一个小的手术.
reminds:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的第三人称单数) surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
If there's one operation for a disease , you know it works. 如果一种手术治愈这种疾病,你知道这行的通.
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
If there are 15 operations, you know that none of them work. 如果有15种手术选择, 你知道这些是没一个能行的.
And that's the way it is with definitions of words. 并且他们有词语的定义.
If you have appendicitis , they take your appendix out, and you're cured. 如果你得了阑尾炎,他们会把阑尾拿掉,你的病就好了.
appendicitis:n.[医]阑尾炎;盲肠炎; appendix:n.附录;阑尾;附加物;
If you've got reflux oesophagitis, there are 15 procedures , and Joe Schmo does it one way and Will Blow does it another way, and none of them work, and that's the way it is with this word, hope. 如果你得了逆流食道炎, 他们有15种治疗方法, Joe Schmo 会选这种方法 Will Blow会选另外一种方法, 但是都不确定能治好, 所以, 就有个词形容这种情况, 希望.
reflux:n.逆流;退潮; procedures:n.程序;规程(procedure的复数); Schmo:n.愚人;笨人;
They all come down to the idea of an expectation of something good that is due to happen. 他们都归结于一个概念, 就是好的事情会发生.
expectation:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;
And you know what I found out? 你猜我发现了什么?
The Indo-European root of the word hope is a stem , K-E-U -- we would spell it K-E-U; it's pronounced koy -- and it is the same root from which the word curve comes from. 希望这个单词在印欧语系中 起源是K-E-U -- 我们都可以拼写 K-E-U, 它的发音和koy一样 -- 它跟单词curve是同一个起源.
stem:n.花草的茎或梗;高脚酒杯的脚;烟斗柄;词干;v.阻止;封堵;遏止; curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形;
But what it means in the original Indo-European is a change in direction, going in a different way. 但它在古印欧语系的含义 是另一个意思,
And I find that very interesting and very provocative , because what you've been hearing in the last couple of days is the sense of going in different directions: directions that are specific and unique to problems. 我觉得很有意思,很有挑逗性, 因为你过去听到的一些东西, 都是不同方向的一些概念: 针对一些特定问题的方向.
provocative:adj.刺激的,挑拨的;气人的;n.刺激物,挑拨物;兴奋剂; specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
There are different paradigms . 有不同的模型.
paradigms:n.范例,模范(paradigm的复数形式);
You've heard that word several times in the last four days, and everyone's familiar with Kuhnian paradigms. 过去四天里,你听到好多次模型这个单词, 并且每个人都很熟悉库恩模型.
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
So, when we think of hope now, we have to think of looking in other directions than we have been looking. 所以,当我们提到希望, 我们必须先从别的方向思考 而不是以前的思维定势.
in which he says that hope does not consist of the expectation that things will come out exactly right, but the expectation that they will make sense regardless of how they come out. 在书中他提到 并不是对事物会朝好的方向发展的期待 形成了希望, 而是基于对事物的理性期待. 与如何发展无关.
consist:v.(与…)一致;并存;共存;由…组成; make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理; regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
I can't tell you how reassured I was by the very last sentence in that glorious presentation by Dean Kamen a few days ago. 我并不是说我对几天前Dean Kamen幽默华丽的演讲的 最后一句话 持不同的意见.
reassured:adj.使消除疑虑的;使放心的;v.使安心;再次保证(reassure的过去式); glorious:adj.光荣的;辉煌的;极好的; presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; Dean:n.院长;系主任;教务长;主持牧师;
I wasn't sure I heard it right, so I found him in one of the inter-sessions. 我当时不确定有没有理解他的意思, 所以我在休息时去找他.
He was talking to a very large man, but I didn't care. 他当时正在跟一个大块头说话, 我不在意.
I interrupted , and I said, "Did you say this?" 我打断他们,说: 你是这样说的吗?
interrupted:v.插嘴; adj.被阻止的,中断的; (interrupt的过去分词和过去式)
He said, "I think so." 他说, 我想是的.
So, here's what it is: I'll repeat it. 所以, 我在这里重复一下他的话.
'"The world will not be saved by the Internet." 世界将不会被保存在互联网之中
It's wonderful. Do you know what the world will be saved by? 这是对的, 你知道世界应该保存在哪里吗?
I'll tell you. It'll be saved by the human spirit. 我告诉你, 它会被保存在人类的精神之中.
And by the human spirit, I don't mean anything divine , 人类的精神, 我并不是说神赐的,
divine:adj.神圣的;非凡的;天赐的;极好的;v.占卜;预言;用占卜勘探;n.牧师;神学家;
I don't mean anything supernatural -- certainly not coming from this skeptic . 也不是指任何超限超自然的东西 -- 更不是来自于这些怀疑者.
supernatural:adj.超自然的;神奇的,不可思议的;n.超自然现象;不可思议的事; skeptic:n.怀疑论者;怀疑者;无神论者;sceptic(英);
What I mean is this ability that each of us has to be something greater than herself or himself; to arise out of our ordinary selves and achieve something that at the beginning we thought perhaps we were not capable of. 我是指 我们每个人所拥有的 超越自身的一些能力; 然后自我实现, 取得一些以前认为自己无法实现的成果.
arise out of:起于…; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
On an elemental level, we have all felt that spirituality at the time of childbirth . 从最基础的层次看, 我们能感受到出生时的精神.
elemental:adj.基本的;主要的;自然力的;四大要素的(土,水,气,火); spirituality:n.灵性;精神性; childbirth:n.分娩;
Some of you have felt it in laboratories; some of you have felt it at the workbench . 有些能从实验室中感受到; 有些能从工作台上感受到.
workbench:n.工作台;手工台;
We feel it at concerts. 有些从音乐会上感受到.
I've felt it in the operating room, at the bedside . 我曾经在手术室,护理室里感受到.
bedside:n.床边,床旁;adj.床旁的,枕边的;
It is an elevation of us beyond ourselves. 这是我们超越自己的一种提升.
elevation:n.高地;海拔;提高;崇高;正面图;
And I think that it's going to be, in time, the elements of the human spirit that we've been hearing about bit by bit by bit from so many of the speakers in the last few days. 再需要一些时间 我想, 这就是过去几天,我们这么多演讲者所传达出的 点点滴滴的人类的精神.
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
And if there's anything that has permeated this room, it is precisely that. 如果有一样东西在这个房间里弥漫 这正是人类的精神.
permeated:v.弥漫(permeate的过去式和过去分词);遍布;渗入;渗透;
I'm intrigued by a concept that was brought to life in the early part of the 19th century -- actually, in the second decade of the 19th century -- by a 27-year-old poet whose name was Percy Shelley. 我一直着迷于 19世纪早期 所提出的一个概念. 实际上, 在19世纪20年代 -- 一个名叫Percy Shelley 的27岁诗人.
intrigued:adj.感兴趣的; v.密谋; (intrigue的过去式和过去分词)
Now, we all think that Shelley obviously is the great romantic poet that he was; many of us tend to forget that he wrote some perfectly wonderful essays, too, and the most well-remembered essay is one called "A Defence of Poetry ." 我们都认为那是Shelley, 显然是一个伟大的浪漫主义诗人; 我们中很多人往往忘记他曾写过的 一些完美的,美丽的散文, 在那些琅琅上口的散文中 有一篇叫做<为诗辩护> A Defence of Poetry.
romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人; well-remembered:adj.被牢记的,被充分记得的; Poetry:n.诗;诗意,诗情;诗歌艺术;
Now, it's about five, six, seven, eight pages long, and it gets kind of deep and difficult after about the third page, but somewhere on the second page he begins talking about the notion that he calls " moral imagination ." 大概有七八页长, 在第三页里,内容深入并比较难懂, 但第二页的某个地方 他开始讨论一个概念, 这个被他称为 道德想像力.
notion:n.观念;信念;理解; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
And here's what he says, roughly translated: 他的诗,简单的翻译为:
roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地;
A man -- generic man -- a man, to be greatly good, must imagine clearly. 一个男人 -- 正常的男人 -- 一个男人, 为了更好更强大, 必须清晰的想像.
generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的; greatly:adv.很,大大地;非常;
He must see himself and the world through the eyes of another, and of many others. 他必须能从别人的眼中去观察 自己和这个世界, 从很多人的眼中.
See himself and the world -- not just the world, but see himself. 从别人眼中看自己和这个世界 -- 不只是这个世界, 更看清他自己.
What is it that is expected of us by the billions of people who live in what Laurie Garrett the other day so appropriately called despair and disparity ? 这就是去了解几十亿人类 对我们的期待是什么 Laurie Garrett那天贴切描述的 所谓的 绝望或不公?
the other day:不久前某一天;几天以前; appropriately:adj.适当地;合适地;相称地; despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望; disparity:n.不同;不一致;不等;
What is it that they have every right to ask of us? 到底是什么让世界有权去 要求我们付出?
What is it that we have every right to ask of ourselves, out of our shared humanity and out of the human spirit? 到底是什么让我们有权要求我们自己 为了我们共同的人性和人类的精神而付出?
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
Well, you know precisely what it is. 你知道答案是什么.
There's a great deal of argument about whether we, as the great nation that we are, should be the policeman of the world, the world's constabulary , but there should be virtually no argument about whether we should be the world's healer . 那里有很多争论 关于我们作为一个大国, 应不应该作为世界警察 维护世界和平, 但应该没有关于我们是否应该 成为世界的治疗者的争吵.
a great deal of:大量; constabulary:n.警察;警官队;adj.警官的,警察的; virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; healer:n.医治者(尤指用宗教迷信方式给人治病的人);治疗物;治病术士;
There has certainly been no argument about that in this room in the past four days. 过去的四天里, 在这个房间里 更不会有那样的争吵.
So, if we are to be the world's healer, every disadvantaged person in this world -- including in the United States -- becomes our patient . 所以,如果我们成为世界的治疗者, 世界上的每一个弱势群体 -- 包括美国 -- 都成为我们的病人.
disadvantaged:adj.贫困的; n.弱势团体; v.使处于不利地位(disadvantage的过去式和过去分词); United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者;
Every disadvantaged nation, and perhaps our own nation, becomes our patient. 每个弱势的国家, 也可能包括我们的国家, 成为我们的病人.
So, it's fun to think about the etymology of the word "patient." 单词病人 patient 在语源学的意思很有趣.
etymology:n.语源,[语]语源学;
It comes initially from the Latin patior, to endure , or to suffer. 它起源于拉丁语(patior), 愿意是容忍和忍受.
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语; endure:v.忍受;忍耐;持续;持久;
So, you go back to the old Indo-European root again, and what you find -- the Indo-European stem is pronounced payen -- we would spell it P-A-E-N -- and, lo and behold , mirabili dictu, it is the same root as the word compassion comes from, P-A-E-N. 所以, 你再看看古印欧语系的根源, 你就会发现 --古印欧语系发间为payen -- 我们可以拼写为 P-A-E-N --, 然后看吧, 这个字跟同情这个单词有相同的词根, P-A-E-N.
behold:v.看;注视;把...视为;int.瞧;看呀; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
So, the lesson is very clear. The lesson is that our patient -- the world, and the disadvantaged of the world -- that patient deserves our compassion. 所以, 这节课很清楚. 这节课就是我们的病人 -- 这个世界, 以及世界上的弱势群体 -- 这些病人值得我们去同情.
deserves:v.值得;应得;应受;(deserve的第三人称单数)
But beyond our compassion, and far greater than compassion, is our moral imagination and our identification with each individual who lives in that world, not to think of them as a huge forest, but as individual trees. 但有些东西远远超越于同情怜悯之心, 那就是我们的道德想像力 和我们对生活在这个世界上的 其他人的认同感, 不是他们当成一大片森林, 而是一颗一颗独立的树.
identification:n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
Of course, in this day and age, the trick is not to let each tree be obscured by that Bush in Washington that can get -- can get in the way . 当然, 目前来说, 重要的是 不要让华盛顿政府的那些树木(指布什总统的政府) -- 碍事.
obscured:adj.遮蔽的;湮没的;v.掩盖;使含混;变得模糊(obscure的过去分词); Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; get in the way:妨碍;挡道;挡住去路;阻碍;
(Laughter) (笑声)
So, here we are. 所以, 我们现在在这里,
We are, should be, morally committed to being the healer of the world. 我们在这里, 应该在道德上把自己置于 世界的治疗者的身份.
morally:adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地; committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式)
And we have had examples over and over and over again -- you've just heard one in the last 15 minutes -- of people who have not only had that commitment , but had the charisma , the brilliance -- 我们有一次又一次发生的例子 -- 你仅听听过去的15分钟 -- 人们不仅有这样的使命, 而且相当有领袖风采和才华横溢 --
over and over again:adv.一再地;反复不断地; commitment:n.承诺;投入;保证;许诺; charisma:n.魅力;神授的能力;非凡的领导力; brilliance:n.光辉;才华;宏伟;
and I think in this room it's easy to use the word brilliant, my god -- the brilliance to succeed at least at the beginning of their quest , and who no doubt will continue to succeed, as long as more and more of us enlist ourselves in their cause. 我觉得在这间屋子大家都才华横溢, -- 天啊 才华横溢至少让这些人在追寻成功的路上有着 非常好的开局, 并且毫不犹豫的继续追求成功, 直到越来越多的人加入他们.
at the beginning of:在…的开始; quest:n.追求;寻找;vi.追求;寻找;vt.探索; as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; enlist:vi.支持;从军;应募;赞助;vt.使入伍;征募;谋取…的赞助或帮助;
Now, if we're talking about medicine, and we're talking about healing , 现在, 如果我们讨论 医学, 我们讨论治疗别人,
healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词)
I'd like to quote someone who hasn't been quoted . 我想要引用一个从来没被引用过的作家.
quoted:v.引用;引述;举例说明;开价;(quote的过去分词和过去式)
It seems to me everybody in the world's been quoted here: 对我来说,世界上的每个人都在这里被引用过:
Pogo's been quoted; Pogo经常被引用;
Shakespeare's been quoted backwards, forwards, inside out. 莎士比亚被各种引用.
I would like to quote one of my own household gods. 我想引用我自家的神灵的话.
household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的;
I suspect he never really said this, because we don't know what Hippocrates really said, but we do know for sure that one of the great Greek physicians said the following, 我怀疑他是不是真的说过, 因为我不知道希波克拉底(西方版李时珍)说过什么, 但我知道一个伟大的希腊物理学家 曾经说过,
suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的; physicians:n.[内科]内科医生(physician的复数);
and it has been recorded in one of the books attributed to Hippocrates, and the book is called " Precepts ." 被记录于希波克拉底著作的 一本名为<格言> Precepts. 的书
attributed:v.归于(attribute的过去式,过去分词);属性化; Precepts:n.戒律;格言;训令(precept的复数形式);
And I'll read you what it is. 我会给你读出来.
Remember, I have been talking about, essentially philanthropy: the love of humankind, the individual humankind and the individual humankind that can bring that kind of love translated into action, translated, in some cases, into enlightened self-interest. 记住,我一直谈论的是 博爱: 人类的爱, 人与人之间 转化为行动的 那种爱, 在某些情况下, 转化为自身的利益.
essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
And here he is, twenty-four hundred years ago: "Where there is love of humankind, there is love of healing." 这就是他, 两千四百年前: 凡是有人类之爱存在的地方, 就是治疗的爱的力量
We have seen that here today with the sense, with the sensitivity -- and in the last three days, and with the power of the indomitable human spirit. 今天我们在这里已经亲眼见证 带着理性, 带着敏感的心 -- 在过去的三天里, 带着坚忍不拔的人类的精神的力量.
sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏; indomitable:adj.不屈不挠的;不服输的;不气馁的;
Thank you very much. 非常感谢.
(Applause) (掌声)