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SherryTurkle_2012-_保持联系却仍旧孤单_
Just a moment ago, my daughter Rebecca texted me for good luck. [00:12]
Her text said, "Mom, you will rock." [00:18]
I love this. [00:23]
Getting that text was like getting a hug. [00:25]
And so there you have it. [00:29]
I embody the central paradox . [00:32]
embody:v.具体表现,体现,代表(思想或品质);包括; paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事;
I'm a woman who loves getting texts who's going to tell you that too many of them can be a problem. [00:36]
Actually that reminder of my daughter brings me to the beginning of my story. [00:45]
1996, when I gave my first TEDTalk, [00:51]
Rebecca was five years old and she was sitting right there in the front row. [00:55]
I had just written a book that celebrated our life on the internet and I was about to be on the cover of Wired magazine. [01:01]
was about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将;
In those heady days, we were experimenting with chat rooms and online virtual communities . [01:10]
heady:adj.兴奋的;任性的;性急的;顽固的;使人头晕的; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
We were exploring different aspects of ourselves. [01:17]
exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
And then we unplugged . [01:21]
unplugged:adj.不插电的(用原音乐器); vt.拔掉…的电源插头; (unplug的过去式和过去分词)
I was excited. [01:23]
And, as a psychologist , what excited me most was the idea that we would use what we learned in the virtual world about ourselves, about our identity , to live better lives in the real world. [01:25]
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
Now fast-forward to 2012. [01:39]
fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
I'm back here on the TED stage again. [01:42]
My daughter's 20. She's a college student. [01:45]
She sleeps with her cellphone , so do I. [01:48]
cellphone:n.蜂窝式便携无线电话;大哥大;
And I've just written a new book, but this time it's not one that will get me on the cover of Wired magazine. [01:54]
So what happened? [02:04]
I'm still excited by technology , but I believe, and I'm here to make the case, that we're letting it take us places that we don't want to go. [02:07]
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Over the past 15 years, [02:18]
I've studied technologies of mobile communication and I've interviewed hundreds and hundreds of people, young and old, about their plugged in lives. [02:20]
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; interviewed:v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈); (媒体)采访(interview的过去分词和过去式)
And what I've found is that our little devices , those little devices in our pockets, are so psychologically powerful that they don't only change what we do, they change who we are. [02:30]
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); psychologically:adv.心理上地;心理学地;
Some of the things we do now with our devices are things that, only a few years ago, we would have found odd or disturbing , but they've quickly come to seem familiar , just how we do things. [02:46]
odd:adj.古怪的;奇数的;n.奇数; disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词) familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
So just to take some quick examples: [03:00]
People text or do email during corporate board meetings. [03:03]
corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的;
They text and shop and go on Facebook during classes, during presentations , actually during all meetings. [03:08]
presentations:n.展示;自我介绍;业务陈述(presentation的复数形式);
People talk to me about the important new skill of making eye contact while you're texting. [03:16]
contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
(Laughter) [03:23]
People explain to me that it's hard, but that it can be done. [03:25]
Parents text and do email at breakfast and at dinner while their children complain about not having their parents' full attention. [03:30]
complain:v.投诉;发牢骚;诉说;
But then these same children deny each other their full attention. [03:39]
deny:v.否定,否认;拒绝给予;拒绝…的要求;
This is a recent shot of my daughter and her friends being together while not being together. [03:44]
And we even text at funerals . [03:54]
funerals:n.葬礼;丧礼;出殡;(funeral的复数)
I study this. [03:56]
We remove ourselves from our grief or from our revery and we go into our phones. [03:58]
grief:n.悲痛;忧伤;不幸;
Why does this matter? [04:05]
It matters to me because I think we're setting ourselves up for trouble -- trouble certainly in how we relate to each other, but also trouble in how we relate to ourselves and our capacity for self-reflection . [04:07]
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; self-reflection:n.反省;
We're getting used to a new way of being alone together. [04:24]
People want to be with each other, but also elsewhere -- connected to all the different places they want to be. [04:29]
elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
People want to customize their lives. [04:36]
customize:vt.定做,按客户具体要求制造;
They want to go in and out of all the places they are because the thing that matters most to them is control over where they put their attention. [04:39]
So you want to go to that board meeting, but you only want to pay attention to the bits that interest you. [04:48]
pay attention to:注意
And some people think that's a good thing. [04:55]
But you can end up hiding from each other, even as we're all constantly connected to each other. [04:58]
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地;
A 50-year-old business man lamented to me that he feels he doesn't have colleagues anymore at work. [05:05]
lamented:adj.令人遗憾的;被哀悼的;v.哀悼(lament的过去式和过去分词形式); colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数);
When he goes to work, he doesn't stop by to talk to anybody, he doesn't call. [05:12]
And he says he doesn't want to interrupt his colleagues because, he says, "They're too busy on their email." [05:17]
interrupt:v.中断;打断;插嘴;妨碍;n.中断;
But then he stops himself and he says, "You know, I'm not telling you the truth. [05:23]
I'm the one who doesn't want to be interrupted . [05:27]
interrupted:v.插嘴; adj.被阻止的,中断的; (interrupt的过去分词和过去式)
I think I should want to, but actually I'd rather just do things on my Blackberry ." [05:30]
Blackberry:n.[园艺]黑莓;
Across the generations, [05:36]
I see that people can't get enough of each other, if and only if they can have each other at a distance , in amounts they can control. [05:38]
at a distance:在远处;有相当距离;
I call it the Goldilocks effect: not too close, not too far, just right. [05:49]
Goldilocks:n.金发姑娘,金凤花;
But what might feel just right for that middle-aged executive can be a problem for an adolescent who needs to develop face-to-face relationships. [05:57]
middle-aged:adj.中年的;具有中年人特点的;适合于中年人的; executive:n.管理人员; adj.经营管理的; adolescent:adj.青春期的;未成熟的;n.青少年; face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的;adv.面对面地;
An 18-year-old boy who uses texting for almost everything says to me wistfully , "Someday, someday, but certainly not now, [06:07]
wistfully:adv.渴望地;希望地;不满足地;
I'd like to learn how to have a conversation." [06:19]
When I ask people "What's wrong with having a conversation?" [06:23]
People say, "I'll tell you what's wrong with having a conversation. [06:28]
It takes place in real time and you can't control what you're going to say." [06:32]
real time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
So that's the bottom line . [06:39]
the bottom line:底线;本质内容;最底线;
Texting, email, posting, all of these things let us present the self as we want to be. [06:41]
We get to edit , and that means we get to delete, and that means we get to retouch , the face, the voice, the flesh , the body -- not too little, not too much, just right. [06:49]
edit:v.编辑;剪辑;编纂;编选;n.编辑[校订]工作; retouch:n.润饰;修整部分;vt.润饰;修整;vi.润饰;修整; flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖;
Human relationships are rich and they're messy and they're demanding. [07:06]
messy:adj.肮脏的;凌乱的;不整洁的;
And we clean them up with technology. [07:12]
And when we do, one of the things that can happen is that we sacrifice conversation for mere connection. [07:15]
sacrifice:n.牺牲;舍弃;祭献;祭祀;祭品;v.牺牲;献出;作祭献 mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘;
We short-change ourselves. [07:23]
short-change:vt.故意少给顾客找钱;
And over time, we seem to forget this, or we seem to stop caring. [07:26]
I was caught off guard when Stephen Colbert asked me a profound question, a profound question. [07:33]
off guard:不提防;不警惕; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
He said, "Don't all those little tweets , don't all those little sips of online communication, add up to one big gulp of real conversation?" [07:46]
tweets:n.啾啾声,小鸟叫声(tweet的复数形式);v.鸣叫(tweet的三单形式); sips:v.吸允(sip的第三人称单数);n.啜饮; gulp:vt.狼吞虎咽地吃;大口地吸;vi.哽住;喘不过气;n.一大口(尤指液体);吞咽;
My answer was no, they don't add up. [08:05]
Connecting in sips may work for gathering discreet bits of information, they may work for saying, "I'm thinking about you," [08:09]
discreet:adj.谨慎的;小心的;
or even for saying, "I love you," -- [08:21]
I mean, look at how I felt when I got that text from my daughter -- but they don't really work for learning about each other, for really coming to know and understand each other. [08:23]
And we use conversations with each other to learn how to have conversations with ourselves. [08:36]
So a flight from conversation can really matter because it can compromise our capacity for self-reflection. [08:44]
compromise:n.妥协;折中;互让;和解;v.妥协;违背(原则);达不到(标准);使陷入危险;
For kids growing up, that skill is the bedrock of development. [08:52]
bedrock:n.[地质]基岩;根底;基本原理;
Over and over I hear, "I would rather text than talk." [08:58]
Over and over:反复;再三; would rather:宁愿,宁可;
And what I'm seeing is that people get so used to being short-changed out of real conversation, so used to getting by with less, that they've become almost willing to dispense with people altogether. [09:03]
short-changed:短期改变; dispense:v.分配;分发;提供;配药;
So for example, many people share with me this wish, that some day a more advanced version of Siri , the digital assistant on Apple's iPhone, will be more like a best friend, someone who will listen when others won't. [09:16]
advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) Siri:n.iPhone4S上的语音控制功能; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
I believe this wish reflects a painful truth that I've learned in the past 15 years. [09:32]
reflects:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;(reflect的第三人称单数) painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
That feeling that no one is listening to me is very important in our relationships with technology. [09:39]
That's why it's so appealing to have a Facebook page or a Twitter feed -- so many automatic listeners . [09:47]
appealing:adj.吸引人的; v.呼吁; (appeal的现在分词) automatic:adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的;n.自动步枪;自动换挡汽车; listeners:n.听众;监听器(listener的复数);
And the feeling that no one is listening to me make us want to spend time with machines that seem to care about us. [09:56]
We're developing robots, they call them sociable robots, that are specifically designed to be companions -- to the elderly , to our children, to us. [10:04]
sociable:adj.社交的;好交际的;友善的;n.联谊会; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; companions:n.同伴;同事(companion的复数);伴随物;v.陪伴;伴随(companion的三单形式); elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的;
Have we so lost confidence that we will be there for each other? [10:17]
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
During my research [10:24]
I worked in nursing homes, and I brought in these sociable robots that were designed to give the elderly the feeling that they were understood. [10:26]
And one day I came in and a woman who had lost a child was talking to a robot in the shape of a baby seal. [10:36]
It seemed to be looking in her eyes. [10:45]
It seemed to be following the conversation. [10:47]
It comforted her. [10:50]
And many people found this amazing. [10:53]
But that woman was trying to make sense of her life with a machine that had no experience of the arc of a human life. [10:57]
make sense of:搞清…的意思; arc:n.弧;弧形;弓形;v.作弧形运动;
That robot put on a great show. [11:08]
And we're vulnerable . [11:10]
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
People experience pretend empathy as though it were the real thing. [11:12]
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着;
So during that moment when that woman was experiencing that pretend empathy, [11:18]
I was thinking, "That robot can't empathize . [11:27]
empathize:vt.移情;神会;
It doesn't face death. [11:30]
It doesn't know life." [11:32]
And as that woman took comfort in her robot companion, [11:34]
I didn't find it amazing; [11:38]
I found it one of the most wrenching , complicated moments in my 15 years of work. [11:40]
wrenching:n.苗木铲根;修截苗根;v.猛扭;歪曲;抢取(wrench的ing形式); complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
But when I stepped back, [11:48]
I felt myself at the cold, hard center of a perfect storm . [11:50]
perfect storm:n.祸不单行;屋漏偏逢连夜雨;
We expect more from technology and less from each other. [11:57]
And I ask myself, "Why have things come to this?" [12:03]
And I believe it's because technology appeals to us most where we are most vulnerable. [12:08]
appeals:n.[法]上诉; v.有吸引力(appeal的单三形式);
And we are vulnerable. [12:15]
We're lonely, but we're afraid of intimacy . [12:17]
intimacy:n.亲密;密切;关系密切;性行为;
And so from social networks to sociable robots, we're designing technologies that will give us the illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship. [12:21]
illusion:n.幻觉,错觉;错误的观念或信仰; companionship:n.友谊;陪伴;交谊;
We turn to technology to help us feel connected in ways we can comfortably control. [12:31]
But we're not so comfortable. [12:37]
We are not so much in control. [12:39]
These days, those phones in our pockets are changing our minds and hearts because they offer us three gratifying fantasies . [12:42]
gratifying:adj.令人高兴的;使人满意的;v.使高兴;使满意;满足;(gratify的现在分词) fantasies:n.梦想,幻想(fantasy的复数);
One, that we can put our attention wherever we want it to be; two, that we will always be heard; and three, that we will never have to be alone. [12:51]
And that third idea, that we will never have to be alone, is central to changing our psyches . [13:01]
psyches:vt.用精神分析治疗;使作好心理准备;
Because the moment that people are alone, even for a few seconds, they become anxious, they panic , they fidget , they reach for a device. [13:08]
panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措; fidget:vi.烦躁;坐立不安;玩弄;n.烦躁;坐立不安;烦躁不安的人;vt.使不安;使烦乱;
Just think of people at a checkout line or at a red light. [13:18]
checkout:检验,结帐
Being alone feels like a problem that needs to be solved. [13:22]
And so people try to solve it by connecting. [13:26]
But here, connection is more like a symptom than a cure. [13:29]
symptom:n.症状;征候;征兆;
It expresses , but it doesn't solve, an underlying problem. [13:34]
expresses:表达(express的动词单数第三人称形式);[交]快车;快递(express的名词复数); underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词)
But more than a symptom, constant connection is changing the way people think of themselves. [13:39]
It's shaping a new way of being. [13:45]
The best way to describe it is, [13:48]
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
I share therefore I am. [13:50]
We use technology to define ourselves by sharing our thoughts and feelings even as we're having them. [13:53]
define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
So before it was: [14:00]
I have a feeling, [14:02]
I want to make a call. [14:04]
Now it's: I want to have a feeling, [14:06]
I need to send a text. [14:09]
The problem with this new regime of "I share therefore I am" [14:11]
regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制;
is that, if we don't have connection, we don't feel like ourselves. [14:16]
We almost don't feel ourselves. [14:20]
So what do we do? We connect more and more. [14:22]
But in the process , we set ourselves up to be isolated . [14:25]
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; isolated:adj.偏远的; v.隔离,孤立,脱离;
How do you get from connection to isolation? [14:30]
You end up isolated if you don't cultivate the capacity for solitude , the ability to be separate, to gather yourself. [14:34]
cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作; solitude:n.孤独;隐居;荒僻的地方;
Solitude is where you find yourself so that you can reach out to other people and form real attachments. [14:43]
When we don't have the capacity for solitude, we turn to other people in order to feel less anxious or in order to feel alive. [14:51]
When this happens, we're not able to appreciate who they are. [14:59]
appreciate:v.欣赏;感激;感谢;理解;
It's as though we're using them as spare parts to support our fragile sense of self. [15:04]
spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的;
We slip into thinking that always being connected is going to make us fell less alone. [15:11]
slip:v.溜;下降;滑落;n.纸条;衬裙;
But we're at risk, because actually it's the opposite that's true. [15:18]
If we're not able to be alone, we're going to be more lonely. [15:23]
And if we don't teach our children to be alone, they're only going to know how to be lonely. [15:27]
When I spoke at TED in 1996, reporting on my studies of the early virtual communities, [15:34]
I said, "Those who make the most of their lives on the screen come to it in a spirit of self-reflection." [15:41]
make the most of:尽量利用;十分重视;
And that's what I'm calling for here, now: reflection and, more than that, a conversation about where our current use of technology may be taking us, what it might be costing us. [15:49]
We're smitten with technology. [16:02]
smitten:v.打击,摧毁(smite的过去分词);
And we're afraid, like young lovers , that too much talking might spoil the romance . [16:05]
lovers:n.情人(lover的复数形式); spoil:v.破坏;糟蹋;毁掉;溺爱;娇惯;善待;n.赃物;战利品;掠夺物;弃土; romance:n.爱情;恋爱;风流韵事;传奇故事;
But it's time to talk. [16:11]
We grew up with digital technology and so we see it as all grown up. [16:13]
But it's not, it's early days . [16:18]
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期;
There's plenty of time for us to reconsider how we use it, how we build it. [16:21]
I'm not suggesting that we turn away from our devices, just that we develop a more self-aware relationship with them, with each other and with ourselves. [16:27]
self-aware:adj.有自知之明的;
I see some first steps. [16:39]
Start thinking of solitude as a good thing. [16:41]
Make room for it. [16:45]
Make room for:让出地方给…,为…腾出空位;
Find ways to demonstrate this as a value to your children. [16:47]
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威;
Create sacred spaces at home -- the kitchen, the dining room -- and reclaim them for conversation. [16:52]
dining room:n.餐厅; reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶;
Do the same thing at work. [16:59]
At work, we're so busy communicating that we often don't have time to think, we don't have time to talk, about the things that really matter. [17:01]
Change that. [17:11]
Most important, we all really need to listen to each other, including to the boring bits. [17:13]
boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词)
Because it's when we stumble or hesitate or lose our words that we reveal ourselves to each other. [17:21]
stumble:v.踌躇,蹒跚;失足;犯错;n.绊倒;蹒跚而行; hesitate:v.(对某事)犹豫,迟疑不决;顾虑;疑虑; reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧;
Technology is making a bid to redefine human connection -- how we care for each other, how we care for ourselves -- but it's also giving us the opportunity to affirm our values and our direction. [17:30]
redefine:vt.重新定义; affirm:vt.肯定;断言;vi.确认;断言;
I'm optimistic . [17:45]
optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的;
We have everything we need to start. [17:47]
We have each other. [17:50]
And we have the greatest chance of success if we recognize our vulnerability . [17:52]
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; vulnerability:n.易损性;弱点;
That we listen when technology says it will take something complicated and promises something simpler. [17:58]
So in my work, [18:08]
I hear that life is hard, relationships are filled with risk. [18:10]
And then there's technology -- simpler, hopeful, optimistic, ever-young. [18:15]
It's like calling in the cavalry . [18:22]
cavalry:n.骑兵;装甲兵;装甲部队;
An ad campaign promises that online and with avatars , you can " Finally , love your friends love your body, love your life, online and with avatars." [18:24]
avatars:n.神使;头像;形象化符号;(avatar的复数) Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
We're drawn to virtual romance, to computer games that seem like worlds, to the idea that robots, robots, will someday be our true companions. [18:38]
We spend an evening on the social network instead of going to the pub with friends. [18:50]
But our fantasies of substitution have cost us. [18:56]
substitution:n.代替;[数]置换;代替物;
Now we all need to focus on the many, many ways technology can lead us back to our real lives, our own bodies, our own communities, our own politics , our own planet. [19:01]
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
They need us. [19:17]
Let's talk about how we can use digital technology, the technology of our dreams, to make this life the life we can love. [19:19]
Thank you. [19:31]
(Applause) [19:33]