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ShereenElFeki_2013G-_性爱与感官经验中鲜为人知的故事_
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| So when I was in Morocco, in Casablanca , not so long ago, |
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Casablanca:n.卡萨布兰卡市(摩洛哥西北部港市);
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| I met a young unmarried mother called Faiza. |
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unmarried:adj.[法]未婚的;单身的;独身的;
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| Faiza showed me photos of her infant son and she told me the story of his conception , pregnancy , and delivery . |
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infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; conception:n.怀孕;概念;设想;开始; pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
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| It was a remarkable tale, but Faiza saved the best for last. |
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remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
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| '"You know, I am a virgin ," she told me. |
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virgin:n.处女;童男;无…经验的人;新手;
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| '"I have two medical certificates to prove it." |
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certificates:n.[管理]证书(certificate的复数); v.用证书证明(certificate的单数第三人称);
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| This is the modern Middle East , where two millennia after the coming of Christ , virgin births are still a fact of life. |
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Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部); millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世; Christ:n.基督;耶稣基督
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| Faiza's story is just one of hundreds I've heard over the years, traveling across the Arab region talking to people about sex. |
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region:n.地区;范围;部位;
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| Now, I know this might sound like a dream job, or possibly a highly dubious occupation , but for me, it's something else altogether. |
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highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; dubious:adj.可疑的;暧昧的;无把握的;半信半疑的; occupation:n.职业;占领;占用;工作;
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| I'm half Egyptian, and I'm Muslim. |
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| But I grew up in Canada, far from my Arab roots. |
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| Like so many who straddle East and West, |
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straddle:v.跨坐;两腿叉开坐;跨立于;跨越;n.跨坐;
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| I've been drawn, over the years, to try to better understand my origins . |
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origins:n.起源; (origin的复数)
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| That I chose to look at sex comes from my background in HIV/AIDS, as a writer and a researcher and an activist . |
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activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子;
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| Sex lies at the heart of an emerging epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa, which is one of only two regions in the world where HIV/AIDS is still on the rise. |
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emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
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| Now sexuality is an incredibly powerful lens with which to study any society, because what happens in our intimate lives is reflected by forces on a bigger stage: in politics and economics, in religion and tradition, in gender and generations. |
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sexuality:n.[胚]性别;性欲;性征;性方面的事情(比如性行为或性能力); incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影; intimate:n.知己; v.暗示; adj.亲密的; reflected:adj.反射的;得自他人的;v.反射;思考;(reflect的过去式和过去分词) politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) gender:n.性别;
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| As I found, if you really want to know a people, you start by looking inside their bedrooms. |
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| Now to be sure , the Arab world is vast and varied . |
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to be sure:诚然;的确;哎呀(表惊奇); varied:adj.多变的;各式各样的;杂色的;v.改变;使多样化;(vary的过去式和过去分词)
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| But running across it are three red lines -- these are topics you are not supposed to challenge in word or deed . |
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supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) deed:n.行动;功绩;证书;[法]契据;vt.立契转让;
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| The first of these is politics. |
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| But the Arab Spring has changed all that, in uprisings which have blossomed across the region since 2011. |
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uprisings:暴动; blossomed:v.开花;变得更加健康(或自信、成功);(blossom的过去分词和过去式)
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| Now while those in power, old and new, continue to cling to business as usual , millions are still pushing back, and pushing forward to what they hope will be a better life. |
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cling:v.依附;抓紧;紧抱;粘住;依恋; business as usual:na.照常营业;
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| That second red line is religion. |
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| But now religion and politics are connected, with the rise of such groups as the Muslim Brotherhood . |
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Brotherhood:n.兄弟关系;手足情谊;四海之内皆兄弟的信念;
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| And some people, at least, are starting to ask questions about the role of Islam in public and private life. |
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| You know, as for that third red line, that off-limits subject, what do you think it might be? |
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off-limits:adj.禁止进入的,禁区的;
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| Audience: Sex. |
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| Shereen El Feki: Louder, I can't hear you. |
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| Audience: Sex. |
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| SEF: Again, please don't be shy. |
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| Audience: Sex. |
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| SEF: Absolutely , that's right, it's sex. (Laughter) |
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Absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
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| Across the Arab region, the only accepted context for sex is marriage -- approved by your parents, sanctioned by religion and registered by the state. |
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context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) sanctioned:v.许可;准许;惩罚;实施制裁;(sanction的过去分词和过去式) registered:adj.登记过的;记名的;挂号的;v.登记;注册;(register的过去式和过去分词)
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| Marriage is your ticket to adulthood . |
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adulthood:n.成年;成人期;
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| If you don't tie the knot , you can't move out of your parents' place, and you're not supposed to be having sex, and you're definitely not supposed to be having children. |
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tie the knot:结婚; definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地;
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| It's a social citadel; it's an impregnable fortress which resists any assault , any alternative . |
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impregnable:adj.无法攻取的;不受影响的;要塞坚固的;可以受孕的; fortress:n.城堡;堡垒;要塞;设防的地方; resists:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;n.防腐剂;防染剂; assault:v.袭击;殴打;威胁;非议;(assault的现在分词) alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
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| And around the fortress is this vast field of taboo against premarital sex, against condoms , against abortion , against homosexuality , you name it. |
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taboo:n.禁忌;禁止;adj.禁忌的;忌讳的;vt.禁忌;禁止; premarital:adj.婚前的; condoms:n.避孕套,安全套;(condom的复数) abortion:n.流产,小产;流产的胎儿;(计划等)失败,夭折; homosexuality:n.同性恋;
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| Faiza was living proof of this. |
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proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护;
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| Her virginity statement was not a piece of wishful thinking . |
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virginity:n.童贞;处女;纯洁; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; wishful thinking:n.如意算盘;痴心妄想;
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| Although the major religions of the region extoll premarital chastity , in a patriarchy , boys will be boys. |
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extoll:v.称赞;吹捧; chastity:n.贞洁;纯洁;简洁; patriarchy:n.父权制;家长统治;父系社会;
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| Men have sex before marriage, and people more or less turn a blind eye . |
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more or less:或多或少; turn a blind eye:掌上明珠;睁一只眼;不闻不问;熟视无睹;
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| Not so for women, who are expected to be virgins on their wedding night -- that is, to turn up with your hymen intact . |
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virgins:n.处女;童男;无…经验的人;新手;(virgin的复数) hymen:n.[解剖]处女膜; intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的;
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| This is not a question of individual concern , this is a matter of family honor, and in particular , men's honor. |
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individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; in particular:尤其,特别;
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| And so women and their relatives will go to great lengths to preserve this tiny piece of anatomy -- from female genital mutilation , to virginity testing, to hymen repair surgery . |
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relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数) go to great lengths to:尽最大的努力; preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品; anatomy:n.解剖;解剖学;剖析;解析; female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; genital:adj.生殖的;生殖器的;n.生殖器;外阴部; mutilation:n.毁损;残缺;切断; repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮; surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
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| Faiza chose a different route : non-vaginal sex. |
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route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送;
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| Only she became pregnant all the same . |
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pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的; all the same:仍然:依然:照样:
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| But Faiza didn't actually realize this, because there's so little sexuality education in schools, and so little communication in the family. |
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| When her condition became hard to hide, |
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| Faiza's mother helped her flee her father and brothers. |
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flee:v.逃走;迅速离开;逃避,逃跑
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| This is because honor killings are a real threat for untold numbers of women in the Arab region. |
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untold:adj.数不清的;未说过的;未透露的;无限的;
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| And so when Faiza eventually fetched up at a hospital in Casablanca, the man who offered to help her, instead tried to rape her. |
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eventually:adv.最后,终于; rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴;
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| Sadly, Faiza is not alone. |
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| In Egypt, where my research is focused, |
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| I have seen plenty of trouble in and out of the citadel . |
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citadel:n.城堡;大本营;避难处;
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| There are legions of young men who can't afford to get married, because marriage has become a very expensive proposition . |
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legions:n.罗马军团;军队(legion的复数);万马千军; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; proposition:n.提议;待处理的问题;任务;(美国)法律修正议案;见解;命题;v.向...提议;
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| They are expected to bear the burden of costs in married life, but they can't find jobs. |
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burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于;
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| This is one of the major drivers of the recent uprisings, and it is one of the reasons for the rising age of marriage in much of the Arab region. |
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| There are career women who want to get married, but can't find a husband, because they defy gender expectations , or as one young female doctor in Tunisia put it to me, "The women, they are becoming more and more open. |
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career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; defy:vt.藐视;公然反抗;挑衅;使落空;n.挑战;对抗; expectations:n.预料;预期;期待;希望;指望;(expectation的复数) Tunisia:n.突尼斯(非洲国家);
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| But the man, he is still at the prehistoric stage." |
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prehistoric:adj.史前的;陈旧的;
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| And then there are men and women who cross the heterosexual line, who have sex with their own sex, or who have a different gender identity . |
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heterosexual:adj.异性的;异性恋的;n.异性恋的人; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
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| They are on the receiving end of laws which punish their activities, even their appearance . |
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appearance:n.外貌;外观;外表;
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| And they face a daily struggle with social stigma , with family despair , and with religious fire and brimstone . |
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stigma:n.[植]柱头;耻辱;污名;烙印;特征; despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; brimstone:n.硫磺;悍妇;
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| Now, it's not as if it's all rosy in the marital bed either. |
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rosy:adj.蔷薇色的,玫瑰红色的;美好的;乐观的;涨红脸的;
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| Couples who are looking for greater happiness, greater sexual happiness in their married lives, but are at a loss of how to achieve it, especially wives, who are afraid of being seen as bad women if they show some spark in the bedroom. |
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at a loss:亏本地;困惑不解; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; spark:n.火花;电火花;火星;活力;v.引发;触发;冒火花;飞火星;
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| And then there are those whose marriages are actually a veil for prostitution . |
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veil:n.面纱;面罩;遮蔽物;托词;v.遮蔽;掩饰;以面纱遮掩;用帷幕分隔; prostitution:n.卖淫;滥用;出卖灵魂;
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| They have been sold by their families, often to wealthy Arab tourists. |
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| This is just one face of a booming sex trade across the Arab region. |
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booming:adj.兴旺的,繁荣的;大受欢迎的;v.兴旺(boom的现在分词);发出隆隆声;
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| Now raise your hand if any of this is sounding familiar to you, from your part of the world. |
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familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
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| Yeah. It's not as if the Arab world has a monopoly on sexual hangups. |
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monopoly:n.垄断;垄断者;专卖权;
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| And although we don't yet have an Arab Kinsey Report to tell us exactly what's happening inside bedrooms across the Arab region, |
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| It's pretty clear that something is not right. |
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| Double standards for men and women, sex as a source of shame, family control limiting individual choices, and a vast gulf between appearance and reality: what people are doing and what they're willing to admit to, |
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standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数) source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没;
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| and a general reluctance to move beyond private whispers to a serious and sustained public discussion. |
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reluctance:n.[电磁]磁阻;勉强;不情愿; sustained:adj.持续的; v.维持; (sustain的过去分词和过去式)
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| As one doctor in Cairo summed it up for me, "Here, sex is the opposite of sport. |
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Cairo:开罗(埃及首都) summed:v.归纳;总计;总结,概括;(sum的过去分词和过去式)
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| Football, everybody talks about it, but hardly anyone plays. |
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| But sex, everybody is doing it, but nobody wants to talk about it." (Laughter) |
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| (Music) (In Arabic) |
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| SEF: I want to give you a piece of advice, which if you follow it, will make you happy in life. |
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| When your husband reaches out to you, when he seizes a part of your body, sigh deeply and look at him lustily . |
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lustily:adv.强壮地;精力充沛地;
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| When he penetrates you with his penis , try to talk flirtatiously and move yourself in harmony with him. |
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penetrates:穿透;进入;打入; penis:n.阴茎; flirtatiously:轻佻地; harmony:n.协调;和睦;融洽;调和;
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| Hot stuff ! |
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Hot stuff:n.性感的人;艳情电影(或书籍等);技艺很高的人;高手;
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| And it might sound that these handy hints come from "The Joy of Sex" or YouPorn. |
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handy:adj.便利的;手边的,就近的;容易取得的;敏捷的; hints:n.暗示,提示(hint的复数形式);v.暗示,示意(hint的单三形式);
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| But in fact, they come from a 10th-century Arabic book called "The Encyclopedia of Pleasure," |
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Encyclopedia:n.百科全书(亦是encyclopaedia);
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| which covers sex from aphrodisiacs to zoophilia, and everything in between. |
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aphrodisiacs:n.春药;催情药(aphrodisiac的复数);
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| The Encyclopedia is just one in a long line of Arabic erotica , much of it written by religious scholars . |
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erotica:n.色情作品;色情书籍; scholars:n.学者们(scholar的复数);
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| Going right back to the Prophet Muhammad, there is a rich tradition in Islam of talking frankly about sex: not just its problems, but also its pleasures, and not just for men, but also for women. |
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Prophet:n.先知;预言者;提倡者;
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| A thousand years ago, we used to have whole dictionaries of sex in Arabic. |
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| Words to cover every conceivable sexual feature, position and preference , a body of language that was rich enough to make up the body of the woman you see on this page. |
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conceivable:adj.可能的;想得到的,可想像的; preference:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;
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| Today, this history is largely unknown in the Arab region. |
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largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地;
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| Even by educated people, who often feel more comfortable talking about sex in a foreign language than they do in their own tongue. |
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| Today's sexual landscape looks a lot like Europe and America on the brink of the sexual revolution . |
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landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境; on the brink of:即将要;濒于;濒临;在…的边缘; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
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| But while the West has opened on sex, what we found is that Arab societies appear to have been moving in the opposite direction. |
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| In Egypt and many of its neighbors, this closing down is part of a wider closing in political, social and cultural thought. |
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cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
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| And it is the product of a complex historical process , one which has gained ground with the rise of Islamic conservatism since the late 1970s. |
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complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; Islamic:adj.穆斯林的; conservatism:n.保守主义;守旧性;
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| '"Just say no" is what conservatives around the world say to any challenge to the sexual status quo . |
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conservatives:n.保守党,保守派; status quo:n.现状;原来的状况;
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| In the Arab region, they brand these attempts as a Western conspiracy to undermine traditional Arab and Islamic values. |
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brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印; attempts:n.企图,试图;尝试(attempt的复数);v.试图;努力去做(attempt的三单形式); conspiracy:n.阴谋;共谋;阴谋集团; undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基; traditional:传统的,惯例的,
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| But what's really at stake here is one of their most powerful tools of control: sex wrapped up in religion. |
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stake:n.桩,棍子;赌注;火刑;奖金;v.资助,支持;系…于桩上;把…押下打赌; wrapped:adj.极高兴的;十分满意的;v.用…包裹;用…缠绕;(wrap的过去分词和过去式)
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| But history shows us that even as recently as our fathers' and grandfathers' day, there have been times of greater pragmatism , and tolerance , and a willingness to consider other interpretations : be it abortion, or masturbation , or even the incendiary topic of homosexuality. |
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recently:adv.最近;新近; pragmatism:n.实用主义;独断; tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍; willingness:n.乐意;心甘情愿;自动自发; interpretations:n.[计]解释; masturbation:n.手淫; incendiary:n.燃烧弹;纵火犯,放火者;煽动者;adj.煽动的;放火的,纵火的;
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| It is not black and white , as conservatives would have us believe. |
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black and white:adj.印刷的;黑白混合的;用笔写的;
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| In these, as in so many other matters, |
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| Islam offers us at least 50 shades of gray. |
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shades:n.阴凉处; v.给…遮挡(光线); (shade的第三人称单数和复数)
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| (Laughter) |
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| Over my travels, |
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| I've met men and women across the Arab region who've been exploring that spectrum -- sexologists who are trying to help couples find greater happiness in their marriages, |
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exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象;
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| innovators who are managing to get sexuality education into schools, small groups of men and women, lesbian , gay, transgendered , transsexual , who are reaching out to their peers with online initiatives and real-world support. |
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innovators:n.创新者;发明家签证;革新消费者(innovator的复数形式); lesbian:adj.[心理]女同性恋的;n.女同性恋者; transgendered:adj.变换性别的; transsexual:n.换性者;改变性别的人;adj.改变性别的;两性间的; peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式); initiatives:n.积极性;主动权(initiative的复数);创始; real-world:adj.现实生活的;工作的;
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| Women, and increasingly men, who are starting to speak out and push back against sexual violence on the streets and in the home. |
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increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; speak out:畅所欲言;大胆地说;大声地说; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
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| Groups that are trying to help sex workers protect themselves against HIV and other occupational hazards , and NGOs that are helping unwed mothers like Faiza find a place in society, and critically , stay with their kids. |
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HIV:n.艾滋病病毒; occupational:adj.职业的;占领的; hazards:n.危害;[安全]危险;障碍(hazard的复数);v.使冒危险;赌(hazard的三单形式); unwed:adj.未婚的;没有结婚的; critically:adv.精密地;危急地;批评性地;用钻研眼光地;
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| Now these efforts are small, they're often underfunded , and they face formidable opposition . |
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underfunded:adj.资金不足的;v.对…提供的资金不足(underfund的过去分词); formidable:adj.强大的;可怕的;令人敬畏的;艰难的; opposition:n.反对党;对立;在野党;对抗;
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| But I am optimistic that, in the long run , times are changing, and they and their ideas will gain ground . |
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optimistic:adj.乐观的;乐观主义的; in the long run:长远;终究; gain ground:普及;发展;前进;
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| Social change doesn't happen in the Arab region through dramatic confrontation , beating or indeed baring of breasts, but rather through negotiation . |
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dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; confrontation:n.对抗;面对;对质; baring:n.暴露,掘开;v.脱去;暴露(bare的ing形式); negotiation:n.谈判;转让;顺利的通过;
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| What we're talking here is not about a sexual revolution, but a sexual evolution, learning from other parts of the world, adapting to local conditions, forging our own path, not following one blazed by another. |
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adapting:v.使适应,使适合;适应;改编;改写;(adapt的现在分词) forging:n.锻造;锻件;伪造;v.锻造;打制(forge的现在分词); blazed:v.熊熊燃烧;闪耀;发亮光;怒视;(blaze的过去分词和过去式)
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| That path, I hope, will one day lead us to the right to control our own bodies, and to access the information and services we need to lead satisfying and safe sexual lives. |
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| The right to express our ideas freely, to marry whom we choose, to choose our own partners, to be sexually active or not, to decide whether to have children and when, all this without violence or force or discrimination . |
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express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; sexually:adv.性,性欲 discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力;
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| Now we are very far from this across the Arab region, and so much needs to change: law, education, media , the economy , the list goes on and on , and it is the work of a generation, at least. |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; on and on:继续不停地;
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| But it begins with a journey that I myself have made, asking hard questions of received wisdoms in sexual life. |
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journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; wisdoms:n.智慧,才智;明智;学识;至理名言;
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| And it is a journey which has only served to strengthen my faith , and my appreciation of local histories and cultures by showing me possibilities where I once only saw absolutes. |
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faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; appreciation:n.升值;欣赏;感谢;增值;
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| Now given the turmoil in many countries in the Arab region, talking about sex, challenging the taboos , seeking alternatives might sound like something of a luxury . |
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turmoil:n.混乱,骚动; taboos:n.禁忌(taboo的复数形式);v.禁忌(taboo的第三人称单数形式); seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数) luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的;
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| But at this critical moment in history, if we do not anchor freedom and justice , dignity and equality, privacy and autonomy in our personal lives, in our sexual lives, we will find it very hard to achieve in public life. |
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justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; dignity:n.尊严;高贵; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处; autonomy:n.自治,自治权; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
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| The political and the sexual are intimate bedfellows , and that is true for us all. |
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bedfellows:n.伙伴;同床者(等于bedmate);
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| no matter where we live and love. |
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| Thank you. |
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| (Applause) |
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