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ShashiTharoor_2009I-_为什么国家应该采取“软”实力_
As an Indian, and now as a politician and a government minister 作为一个印度人,一名政治家, 一位政府部长
politician:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;
I've become rather concerned about the hype we're hearing about our own country, all this talk about India becoming a world leader, even the next superpower . 我越来越关注有关 自己的国家报道, 所有这些报道都是关于印度将成为世界的领头羊, 甚至是下一个超级大国。
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) hype:n.大肆宣传;皮下注射;vt.大肆宣传;使…兴奋; superpower:n.超级大国;超级强权;
In fact, the American publishers of my book, "The Elephant, The Tiger and the Cellphone ," 事实上,我的书《大象,老虎和手机》 被美国出版商,
publishers:n.出版商,出版公司;出版社(publisher的复数); Cellphone:n.蜂窝式便携无线电话;大哥大;
added a gratuitous subtitle saying, "India: The next 21st-century power." 加了一条无必要的副标题— 《印度:21世纪的接替者》。
gratuitous:adj.无理由的,无端的;免费的; subtitle:n.副标题;说明或对白的字幕;vt.在…上印字幕;给…加副标题;
And I just don't think that's what India's all about, or should be all about. 而且我并不认为那就是印度未来的所有 或者应该成为的。
Indeed, what worries me is the entire notion of world leadership seems to me terribly archaic . 事实上,我最担心的是世界的领导观念 会是非常陈旧的。
notion:n.观念;信念;理解; archaic:adj.古代的;陈旧的;古体的;古色古香的;
It's redolent of James Bond movies and Kipling ballads . 这让人联想起007的电影 和吉卜林（生于印度孟买,英国作家及诗人）的诗歌。
redolent:adj.芬芳的;有…香味的;令人想起…的; ballads:n.民歌; v.创作叙事曲;
After all, what constitutes a world leader? 什么才是世界领袖？
constitutes:v.被算作;组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立;(constitute的第三人称单数)
If it's population, we're on course to top the charts. 如果按人口来说,我们正朝着排行榜前列航行。
We will overtake China by 2034. 2034年我们将超过中国。
overtake:v.超过;赶上;(在数量或重要性方面)大于;(不愉快的事情)突然发生;
Is it military strength? Well, we have the world's fourth largest army. 抑或是军事实力？那么,我们有世界第四大军队。
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
Is it nuclear capacity ? We know we have that. 还是核能力？我们知道我们有。
nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
The Americans have even recognized it, in an agreement. 美国人已意识到这一点, 在(签订)协议中。
recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
Is it the economy ? Well, we have now the fifth-largest economy in the world in purchasing power parity terms. 又或是经济发展情况？那么,我们已是 世界第五大经济体 按平均购买力计算。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; purchasing power:n.(人民的)购买力;(货币的)购买力;
And we continue to grow. When the rest of the world took a beating last year, we grew at 6.7 percent. 当世界其它地区去年经济惨遭滑铁卢时,我们依然继续增长。 我们增长了百分之六点七。
But, somehow , none of that adds up to me, to what I think India really can aim contribute in the world, in this part of the 21st century. 但是,不知何故,所有的事一起呈现出來,我都不认为, 印度 为21世纪做出了真正的贡献。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献;
And so I wondered, could what the future beckons for India to be all about be a combination of these things allied to something else, the power of example, the attraction of India's culture, what, in other words, people like to call "soft power." 所以,我想知道, 未来对印度来说意味着什么 是这些东西的组合结盟还是别的什么, 让我来举一个体现实力的例子, 印度文化的吸引力, 换句话说,很多人喜欢称之为“软实力”。
beckons:v.招手示意;吸引;诱惑;很可能发生(或出现);(beckon的第三人称单数) combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; allied:adj.联合的;同盟的;与…同属一系;v.联合(ally的过去分词);
Soft power is a concept invented by a Harvard academic , 软实力是一位哈佛学者提出的一个概念,
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者;
Joseph Nye, a friend of mine. 约瑟夫·奈,我的一个朋友。
Joseph:n.连帽大氅;
And, very simply, and I'm really cutting it short because of the time limits here, it's essentially the ability of a country to attract others because of its culture, its political values, its foreign policies . 这个概念很简单,因为时间的限制,我在这里很简短的介绍一下, 它本质上是一个国家能够吸引别人的能力 由于其文化,政治价值观, 及外交政策。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
And, you know, lots of countries do this. He was writing initially about the States, but we know the Alliance Francais is all about French soft power, the British Council . 而且,你知道,很多国家都在这样做。这实际上是在初步刻画一国家, 如法兰西联盟 宣扬法国软实力,还有英国文化委员会。
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; Alliance:n.联盟,联合;联姻; Francais:n.(法)法语;法国人; British Council:n.英国文化协会(设立于其他国家,旨在加强文化交流);
The Beijing Olympics were an exercise in Chinese soft power. 北京奥运会是中国宣扬其软实力的鲜明例子。
Americans have the Voice of America and the Fulbright scholarships . 美国人有美国之音和富布赖特奖学金计划。
Voice of America:n.美国之音(广播电台); Fulbright:n.富布莱特奖学金;adj.富尔布赖特奖学金的; scholarships:n.奖学金;学问;学术;学术研究;(scholarship的复数)
But, the fact is, in fact, that probably Hollywood and MTV and McDonalds have done more for American soft power around the world than any specifically government activity. 但是,实际上 好莱坞,MTV和麦当劳 对美国软实力传播作出更大的贡献 且超出了世界上任何政府为此举办的各种特别活动。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地;
So soft power is something that really emerges partly because of governments, but partly despite governments. 因此,软实力是真正展现的东西 部分原因是由于政府的实力, 但部分原因是跟政府毫无关联。
emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
And in the information era we all live in today, what we might call the TED age, 在我们仙剑生活的时代中, 我们或许会把它称之为TED时代,
I'd say that countries are increasingly being judged by a global public that's been fed on an incessant diet of Internet news, of televised images , of cellphone videos, of email gossip , in other words, all sorts of communication devices are telling us the stories of countries whether or not the countries concerned want people to hear those stories. 我想说,各国正日益 受到全球公众评判, 如互联网上不断提供的新闻, 电视图像, 手机视频,电子邮件的说三道四等, 换言之,我们如今可以通过各种通信设备 以得知一国家的信息 不管相关国家部分是否希望人们获得这些信息。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; incessant:adj.不断的;不停的;连续的; televised:vt.用电视播放;vi.电视播放; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) gossip:n.流言蜚语;闲聊;喜欢传播流言蜚语的人;v.传播流言蜚语;说三道四; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); whether or not:是否…;
Now, in this age, again, countries with access to multiple channels of communication and information have a particular advantage . 今天,拥有通讯及 多重信息渠道的国家 将享有特别的优势。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点:
And of course they have more influence , sometimes, about how they're seen. 当然,他们有着更大的影响力,有时,可以颠倒黑白。
influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
India has more all-news TV channels than any country in the world, in fact in most of the countries in this part of the world put together . 印度的新闻电视频道 比世界上任何一个国家都多, 实际上是世界上的大多数国家的新闻电视频道的总和。
put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
But, the fact still is that it's not just that. 但是,我们不止步于此。
To have soft power you have to be connected. 软实力必须与外界相连。
One might argue that India has become an astonishingly connected country. 可能有人会说 印度已成为一个拥有惊人的信息链的国家。
astonishingly:adv.令人惊讶地;
I think you've already heard the figures. 我想你们已经听到过这些数字。
We've been selling 15 million cellphones a month. 我们每个月销售1500万部手机。
cellphones:n.手机;移动电话;(cellphone的复数)
Currently there are 509 million cellphones in Indian hands, in India. 印度目前共有5.09亿 手机用户。
Currently:adv.当前;一般地;
And that makes us larger than the U.S. as a telephone market. 就电话市场来说,我们已超过美国。
In fact, those 15 million cellphones are the most connections that any country, including the U.S. and China, has ever established in the history of telecommunications . 事实上,每个月1500万部手机的销售量 就像美国和中国 这样的电信市场大国, 都没发生过。
established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) telecommunications:n.电信;电讯;
But, what perhaps some of you don't realize is how far we've come to get there. 但是,或许你们还未意识到 迄今为止,我们是如何达到这种水平的。
You know, when I grew up in India, telephones were a rarity . 你们知道,在我小时候 电话可是一种稀有的东西。
rarity:n.罕见;珍贵;珍品(需用复数);稀薄;
In fact, they were so rare that elected members of Parliament had the right to allocate 15 telephone lines as a favor to those they deemed worthy . 事实上,他们是如此稀有,以至于只有当选的议会议员 才有权分享那些 他们认为值得青睐的15条电话线。
allocate:vt.分配;拨出;使坐落于;vi.分配;指定; deemed:v.认为;视为;相信;(deem的过去分词和过去式) worthy:adj.值得的; n.杰出人物;
If you were lucky enough to be a wealthy businessman or an influential journalist , or a doctor, or something, you might have a telephone. 如果你有幸成为富商 或是一位有影响的记者,或医生,或是其他有影响的人,你才可能获得一部电话。
influential:adj.有影响的;有势力的;n.有影响力的人物; journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者;
But, sometimes it just sat there. 但是,有时只是坐在那里。
I went to high school in Calcutta . 我高中是在加尔各答上的。
Calcutta:n.加尔各答(印度城市);
And we would look at this instrument sitting in the front foyer . 我们默默的坐在大厅前注视着这个通话工具。
instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械; foyer:n.门厅,休息室;大厅;
But half the time we would pick it up with an expectant look on our faces, there would be no dial tone . 但是,有一半的时间,我们会带着期盼的目光 把它接起来, 然而根本没有拨号音。
expectant:adj.期待的;怀孕的;预期中的;n.期待者;候选人; tone:n.语气:风格:特色:声音信号:v.使更结实:与…协调:
If there was a dial tone and you dialed a number, the odds were two in three you wouldn't get the number you were intending to reach. 如果有拨号音,你拨一个号码, 三分之二的可能性是你根本不能打通你要拨的目的地。
odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别; intending:adj.预期的;未来的;v.打算;计划;想要(intend的现在分词)
In fact the words "wrong number" were more popular than the word "Hello." 事实上, 错号 的声音要比 喂 的声音更为流行。
(Laughter) （笑声）
If you then wanted to connect to another city, let's say from Calcutta you wanted to call Delhi , you'd have to book something called a trunk call , and then sit by the phone all day, waiting for it to come through. 如果你想连接到其他城市, 假设你想从加尔各答打到德里, 你必须预订一种叫长途电话的服务, 然后坐在电话旁等上一整天,直到线路为你开通为止。
Delhi:n.德里(印度城市名); trunk call:n.(国内)长途电话;
Or you could pay eight times the going rate for something called a lightning call. 或者你可以支付比现行利率高8倍的使用费 支付一种名为闪电呼叫的服务。
lightning:n.闪电;adj.闪电般的;飞快的;突然的
But, lightening struck rather slowly in our country in those days, so, it was like about a half an hour for a lightning call to come through. 但是,在那些日子里, 就像闪电呼叫的这种服务也是相当的慢, 当时,闪电呼叫服务大约需要半个小时才能打通。
lightening:v.减轻(lighten的ing形式);发光;n.孕腹轻松;
In fact, so woeful was our telephone service that a member of parliament stood up in 1984 and complained about this. 事实上,我们的电话服务是这样的悲伤 以至于一名国会成员于1984年在议会中对此抱怨。
woeful:adj.悲哀的;悲惨的;遗憾的;不幸的; member of parliament:n.下院议员; complained:v.抱怨;埋怨;发牢骚;(complain的过去分词和过去式)
And the then-communications-minister replied in a lordly manner that in a developing country communications are a luxury not a right, that the government had no obligation to provide better service, 而当时的通信部长以很高傲的态度回答 在一个发展中国家 通讯是一种奢侈品不是一项权利, 政府没有义务提供更好的服务,
lordly:adj.贵族气派的;高傲的;adv.贵族般地;高傲地; luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的; obligation:n.义务;责任;职责;(已承诺的或法律等规定的)义务;
and if the honorable member wasn't satisfied with his telephone, could he please return it, since there was an eight-year-long waiting list for telephones in India. 而如果荣誉会员不满意他的电话, 请他完全可以将电话退回,因为当时的印度,为了打电话, 有8年之久的等待名单。
honorable:adj.光荣的;可敬的;高贵的; satisfied with:满意;对…感到满意; waiting list:n.(服务或医疗的)等候者名单;
Now, fast-forward to today and this is what you see, the 15 million cellphones a month. 现在,快进到今天,这是你所看到的, 每个月1500万部手机的销售量
fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
But, what is most striking is who is carrying those cellphones. 但是,最引人注目的是谁携带手机。
You know, if you visit friends in the suburbs of Delhi, on the side streets you will find a fellow with a cart that looks like it was designed in the 16th century, wielding a coal-fired steam iron that might have been invented in the 18th century. 你们知道,如果你在访问新德里郊区的朋友, 在小街你会发现一个运货马车家伙 看起来就像是在16世纪设计的, 挥舞燃煤蒸汽电熨斗 可能已经在18世纪发明的。
suburbs:n.郊外(suburb的复数); cart:n.运货马车;手推车;手拉车;v.用车装运;用手提;强行带走;抓走;. wielding:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等);(wield的现在分词) coal-fired:adj.烧煤的;
He's called an isthri wala. But he's carrying a 21st-century instrument. 他被称为isthri wala。但他带着21世纪的工具。
He's carrying a cellphone because most incoming calls are free, and thats how he gets orders from the neighborhood , to know where to collect clothes to get them ironed. 他携带手机,因为大部分来电是免费的, 这就是他怎么从邻居那里拿到订单的, 知道在哪里,收集衣服,让他们熨。
incoming:n.进来;收入;adj.新当选的;新任的; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
The other day I was in Kerala, my home state, at the country farm of a friend, about 20 kilometers away from any place you'd consider urban . 有一天,我在喀拉拉邦,我的家乡。 在一个朋友的农场上, 离城里约20公里。
The other day:不久前某一天;几天以前; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
And it was a hot day and he said, "Hey, would you like some fresh coconut water?" 它是一个炎热的一天,他说:“嗨,你想喝一些新鲜椰子水吗？”
coconut:n.椰子;椰子肉;
And it's the best thing and the most nutritious and refreshing thing you can drink on a hot day in the tropics , so I said sure. 这也是在热带那种炎热的天气里,能喝到最有营养的和令人耳目一新的饮料 所以我的回答是,当然了。
nutritious:adj.有营养的,滋养的; tropics:n.热带地区;
And he whipped out his cellphone, dialed the number, and a voice said, "I'm up here." 于是他拿起了他的手机,拨了个号码, 手机那边传来一个声音说,“我就在附近。”
whipped:v.鞭打;鞭策;除去,抽出(whip的过去分词和过去式)
And right on top of the nearest coconut tree, with a hatchet in one hand and a cellphone in the other was a local toddy tapper , who proceeded to bring down the coconuts for us to drink. 而且就在最近的椰子树的顶端, 一个手里拿着手斧,另一只手里拿着手机 是一个本地卖椰子汁的 他井然有序地从椰子树上给我们带来新鲜的椰子汁。
hatchet:n.短柄小斧;vt.用短柄小斧砍伐;扼杀; toddy:n.棕榈汁;棕榈酒; tapper:n.轻敲者;电报键; proceeded:v.继续做;接着做;继而做;行进;前往;(proceed的过去分词和过去式) bring down:降低;打倒,打死;击落; coconuts:n.[园艺]椰子(coconut的复数);
Fishermen are going out to sea and carrying their cellphones. 渔民们在出海前拿起他们的手机。
When they catch the fish they call all the market towns along the coast to find out where they get the best possible prices. 当他们捕获到鱼时,他们会给所有沿岸集镇打去电话 找出他们在那儿能得到最好的价格。
Farmers now, who used to have to spend half a day of backbreaking labor to find out if the market town was open, if the market was on, whether the product they'd harvested could be sold, what price they'd fetch. 以前的农民奔命半天 为去找到哪里有集市开放, 如果市场开放的话, 他们还得知道是否值得出售自己的丰收物,是否能卖个好价钱。
backbreaking:adj.非常辛劳的;费力的;
They'd often send an eight year old boy all the way on this trudge to the market town to get that information and come back, then they'd load the cart. 为此他们会经常派一名8岁的男孩一路跋涉 到集镇获得信息然后再回来, 之后他们还得装车。
trudge:v.跋涉;步履艰难地走;n.长途跋涉;沉重的步伐;
Today they're saving half a day's labor with a two minute phone call. 今时今日,过去大半天的劳动仅仅用两分钟的电话就解决了。
So this empowerment of the underclass is the real result of India being connected. 这种被赋有权力的底层阶级 就是印度信息连接的真实的结果。
empowerment:n.许可,授权; underclass:n.下层阶级,下层社会;一,二年级学生;
And that transformation is part of where India is heading today. 而这种转变是印度今天发展方向的一部分。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
But, of course that's not the only thing about India that's spreading. 但是,当然这不是印度发展的唯一形式。
You've got Bollywood . My attitude to Bollywood is best summarized in the tale of the two goats at a Bollywood garbage dump -- 你们一定听说过宝莱坞。 我对宝莱坞的观点可以用 两只山羊在宝莱坞垃圾场的故事概括 --
Bollywood:n.宝莱坞(位于印度孟买的电影制作中心); attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势; summarized:v.总结,概括;概述(summarize的过去式及过去分词形式);
Mr. Shekhar Kapur , forgive me -- and they're chewing away on cans of celluloid discarded by a Bollywood studio . [不明确] 请原谅 -- 他们咀嚼着被一个宝莱坞工作室丢弃的一罐电影胶片。
Kapur:n.冰片香;山樟,[植]卡普木; forgive:v.原谅;免除(债务,义务等); celluloid:n.赛璐珞;(美俚)电影(胶片); discarded:v.丢弃;抛弃;垫(牌);打出(无用的牌);(discard的过去式和过去分词) studio:n.工作室;[广播][电视]演播室;画室;电影制片厂;
And the first goat, chewing away, says, "You know, this film is not bad." 第一个山羊,咀嚼着,说:“你知道,这部电影不错（指胶片的味道）。”
And the second goat says, "No, the book was better." 第二个山羊说:“不,书的味道更好些。”
(Laughter) （笑）
I usually tend to think that the book is usually better, but, having said that, the fact is that Bollywood is now taking a certain aspect of Indian-ness and Indian culture around the globe, 我通常倾向于认为,书是更好的, 但是,话虽如此, 事实是,宝莱坞 以某一方面在世界各地传播着印度海岬和印度文化,
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位;
not just in the Indian diaspora in the U.S. and the U.K., but to the screens of Arabs and Africans, of Senegalese and Syrians . 不仅只是为了给在美国和英国生活的印度侨民, 而且也搬上了从阿拉伯人到非洲人,从塞内加尔到叙利亚人的屏幕。
diaspora:n.离散的犹太人;犹太人的离散; Senegalese:n.塞内加尔人;塞内加尔语;adj.塞内加尔的;塞内加尔人的; Syrians:n.叙利亚人(Syrian的复数);
I've met a young man in New York whose illiterate mother in a village in Senegal takes a bus once a month to the capital city of Dakar, just to watch a Bollywood movie. 我在纽约遇见一位年轻人,他母亲是文盲 并住在塞内加尔的一个村子里, 她每月都乘车去省会达喀尔, 仅仅是为了观看宝莱坞电影。
illiterate:adj.文盲的;不识字的;没受教育的;n.文盲;
She can't understand the dialogue. 她无法理解对话内容。
She's illiterate, so she can't read the French subtitles . 她是文盲,因此她看不懂法文字幕。
subtitles:n.[图情]副标题(subtitle的复数); v.给…加副标题;
But, these movies are made to be understood despite such handicaps , and she has a great time in the song and the dance and the action, she goes away with stars in her eyes about India, as a result . 但是,尽管有这些障碍,这些电影还是可以理解的, 她很开心的欣赏着电影里的音乐,舞蹈和画面, 结果,她从宝莱坞电影明星那里获知关于印度的印象。
handicaps:不利因素(handicap的复数); as a result:结果;
And this is happening more and more. 这种例子发生的越来越多。
Afghanistan , we know what a serious security problem 阿富汗,我们知道那里存在着什么样的严重安全问题
Afghanistan:n.阿富汗(国家名称,位于亚洲);
Afghanistan is for so many of us in the world. 阿富汗是我们许多在世界上的人来说,关心的焦点。
India doesn't have a military mission there. 印度在哪儿没有军事任务。
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
You what was India's biggest asset in Afghanistan in the last seven years? 你们知道印度过去7年在阿富汗最大的资产是什么？
asset:n.资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件;财产;有价值的人或物;
One simple fact: you couldn't try to call an Afghan at 8:30 in the evening. 一个简单的事实: 你不能尝试在晚上8:30给阿富汗人打电话。
Why? Because that was the moment when the Indian television soap opera , 为什么？因为在那个时间断 正在播放印度电视肥皂剧,
soap opera:n.(美)肥皂剧;
Kyunki saas bhi kabhi bahu thi, dubbed into Dari, was telecast on Tolo T.V. [印地文],配上印度手纺纱棉毯, 在Todo T.V 上转播
dubbed:v.把…戏称为; (dub的过去分词和过去式) telecast:vt.以电视广播;n.电视广播;
And it was the most popular television show in Afghan history. 它是阿富汗史上最受欢迎的电视节目。
Every Afghan family wanted to watch it. 每一个阿富汗家庭都想看。
They had to suspend functions at 8:30. 他们于8:30不得不停做其它的事情。
suspend:v.暂停;悬浮;中止;挂;
Weddings were reported to be interrupted so guests could cluster around the T.V. set, and then turn their attention back to the bride and groom . 据报告,婚礼被中断 让客人可以围绕在电视机前, 电视剧完后才注意力回到新郎和新娘上。
interrupted:v.插嘴; adj.被阻止的,中断的; (interrupt的过去分词和过去式) cluster:n.群;簇;丛;串;vi.群聚;丛生;vt.使聚集;聚集在某人的周围; bride:n.新娘; groom:n.新郎;马夫;马倌;马匹饲养员;v.培养;擦洗;理毛;使作好准备;训练;引诱;
Crime went up at 8:30. I have read a Reuters dispatch -- so this is not Indian propaganda , a British news agency -- about how robbers in the town of Musarri Sharif' stripped a vehicle of its windshield wipers , its hubcaps , its sideview mirrors, any moving part they could find, at 8:30, because the watchmen were busy watching the T.V. rather than minding the store. 我看到过路透社的新闻报道,称在8:30犯罪率上升 -- 所以,这并不是印度的宣传,而是一家英国通讯社的报道 -- 如小偷是如何在马扎里沙里夫市 偷取汽车挡风玻璃雨刷, 其轮毂,其侧视镜的, 任何活动部件,他们都可以在8:30找到, 因为警卫忙着看电视,而不是看商店。
dispatch:n.派遣;急件;vt.派遣;分派; propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会; news agency:n.通讯社; robbers:n.强盗;盗贼;抢劫犯;(robber的复数) stripped:adj.剥去的;v.剥夺;脱衣;把…剪成条状;(strip的过去式和过去分词) vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; windshield:n.挡风玻璃; wipers:n.雨刮,雨刷;[车辆]刮水器(wiper复数); hubcaps:n.(轮)车轮盖;(hubcap的复数) watchmen:na.看守人;夜班警卫员;(watchman的复数)
And they scrawled on the windshield in a reference to the show's heroine , "Tulsi Zindabad": "Long live Tulsi." 之后他们在挡风玻璃上涂写在该节目的女主角, Tulsi Zindabad : Tulsi万岁.
scrawled:vt.潦草地写;乱涂;vi.乱涂,涂鸦;乱写;n.潦草的笔迹; reference:n.参考,提及;参考书目;证明书;v.引用; heroine:n.女主角;女英雄;女杰出人物;
(Laughter) （笑)
That's soft power. And that is what India is developing through the "E" part of TED: its own entertainment industry. 这就是软实力。而这正是印度正在发展中的 就像通过TED 中的 E 字母（娱乐）: 自己的娱乐事业。
The same is true of course -- we don't have time for too many more examples -- but it's true of our music, of our dance, of our art, yoga , ayurveda , even Indian cuisine . 同样是如此 -- 当然我们没有太多时间,举更多的例子 -- 但对于我们的舞蹈,音乐, 艺术,瑜伽,印度草医学,甚至印度菜来说,这是事实。
yoga:n.瑜珈(意为"结合",指修行);瑜珈术;联想可360°翻转的平板电脑; ayurveda:n.印度韦达养生学; cuisine:n.烹饪,烹调法;
I mean, the proliferation of Indian restaurants since I first went abroad as a student, in the mid '70s, and what I see today, you can't go to a mid-size town in Europe or North America and not find an Indian restaurant. It may not be a very good one. 我的意思是,印度餐馆的扩散, 我第一次出国留学的时候,是在七十年代中期, 现时,当你在欧洲或北美的中小城市里, 你不可能找不到印度餐馆。尽管可能不是很地道。
proliferation:n.增殖,扩散;分芽繁殖; abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国; North America:n.北美洲;
But, today in Britain, for example, 但是,我们以今天的英国为例,
Indian restaurants in Britain employ more people than the coal mining, ship building and iron and steel industries combined. 在英国的印度餐馆 雇员工人数超过了其煤炭开采, 造船和钢铁工业雇用员工的总和。
employ:vt.使用,采用;雇用;使忙于,使从事于;n.使用;雇用;
So the empire can strike back . 因此,帝国还可以反击吗。
strike back:回击,反击;
(Applause) （鼓掌声）
But, with this increasing awareness of India, with you and with I, and so on, with tales like Afghanistan, comes something vital in the information era, the sense that in today's world it's not the side of the bigger army that wins, it's the country that tells a better story that prevails . 但随着对印度认识的提高 通过你们和我,还有其他人, 通过像阿富汗的故事, 来自信息时代里的一些重要的东西, 在当今世界中的一种感觉 这不是拥有战无不败的强大的军队, 而是一个国家能讲述可广泛流行的故事。
awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的; prevails:胜过,获胜;生效;流行,盛行;占优势(prevail的第三人称单数);
And India is, and must remain, in my view, the land of the better story. 印度是,而且应继续,在我看来,有众多故事的国家。
Stereotypes are changing. I mean, again, having gone to the U.S. 定型观念正在发生变化。我的意思是,再次,流向了美国
Stereotypes:n.模式化观念(或形象); v.对…形成模式化(或类型化)的看法; (stereotype的第三人称单数和复数)
as a student in the mid '70s, 作为七十年代中期的学生,
I knew what the image of India was then if their was an image at all. 我知道当时印度的形象是指对印度的整体印象。
Today, people in Silicon Valley and elsewhere speak of the IITs, the Indian Institutes of Technology with the same reverence they used to accord to MIT. 今天,人们在硅谷和其他地方 谈及印度理工学院,印度技术学院时, 他们都给予与麻省理工学院同样的崇敬。
Silicon Valley:n.硅谷(美国加利福尼亚州一处计算机和电子公司聚集地,有时用以指任何计算机公司聚集地); elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处; Institutes:n.学院(institute的复数);v.建立(institute的第三人称单数形式); Technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; reverence:n.崇敬;尊严;敬礼;vt.敬畏;尊敬; accord:n.协议;协定;一致;和谐;v.一致;给予;相符;协调;
This can sometimes have unintended consequences . OK. 这有时会产生意想不到的后果。好的。
unintended:adj.无意识的;非计划中的; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
I had a friend, a history major like me, who was accosted at Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam , by an anxiously perspiring European saying, "You're Indian, you're Indian! Can you help me fix my laptop ?" 我有一个朋友,主修历史和我一样, 曾在阿姆斯特丹的斯希普霍尔机场, 被一个很焦急的一位欧洲人问道, “你是印度人,你是印度人！你能帮我修一下我的笔记本吗？”
accosted:vt.勾引;引诱;对…说话;搭讪; Airport:n.机场;航空港; Amsterdam:n.阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都);阿姆斯特丹(美国纽约东部城市); anxiously:adv.不安地,忧虑地; perspiring:v.出汗;排汗;发汗;(perspire的现在分词) laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
(Laughter) （笑）
We've gone from the image of India as land of fakirs lying on beds of nails, and snake charmers with the Indian rope trick, to the image of India as a land of mathematical geniuses , computer wizards , software gurus . 我们的形象已经从印度作为 躺在钉床上的苦行僧, 用印度绳耍蛇的把戏的国家 到一个拥有充满数学天才, 电脑奇才,软件大师的土地。
fakirs:n.(伊斯兰教或印度教的)托钵僧,苦行者(伊斯兰教或印度教的)托钵僧,苦行者; charmers:n.魔术师;可爱的人; mathematical:adj.数学的,数学上的;精确的; geniuses:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;(genius的复数) wizards:n.术士;巫师;奇才(wizard的复数); gurus:n.古鲁(指印度教等宗教的宗师或领袖);领袖;专家;
But that too is transforming the Indian story around the world. 但是那也改变了印度在世界各地的故事。
transforming:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);使改观;(transform的现在分词)
But, there is something more substantive to that. 但是,还有更实质性的东西。
substantive:adj.有实质的;大量的;真实的;独立存在的;n.名词性实词;独立存在的实体;
The story rests on a fundamental platform of political pluralism . 随后的故事取决于 政治多元化的基本平台
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; pluralism:n.多元主义;多元论;兼任;
It's a civilizational story to begin with. 这是一个文明的故事开始。
civilizational:文明化;文明体国家;
Because India has been an open society for millennia . 几千年来印度已经成为一个开放的社会。
millennia:n.千年期(millennium的复数);一千年;千年庆典;太平盛世;
India gave refuge to the Jews, fleeing the destruction first temple by the Babylonians, and said thereafter by the Romans. 印度给予被巴比伦人入侵的犹太人庇护, 又据说,是从古罗马人那里获得庇荫。
refuge:n.避难所;庇护;慰藉;庇护者;v.避难;(古)庇护; fleeing:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的现在分词) destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁; thereafter:adv.其后;从那时以后;
In fact, legend has is that when doubting Thomas , the Apostle , Saint Thomas landed on the shores of Kerala, my home state, somewhere around 52 A.D., he was welcomed on shore by a flute-playing Jewish girl. 事实上,传说中,当传教士,圣托马斯时 于我的家乡喀拉拉邦海岸登陆, 大概在公元52年, 他在岸上受到由长笛演奏的犹太女孩的欢迎。
legend:n.传奇;说明;图例;刻印文字; doubting Thomas:n.多疑的人;爱怀疑的人; Apostle:n.信徒,使徒;最初的传道者; Saint:n.圣人;圣徒;道德崇高的人;adj.神圣的;v.成为圣徒; Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的;
And to this day remains the only Jewish diaspora in the history of the Jewish people, which has never encountered a single incident of anti-semitism . 而直到今时今日他们仍然 唯一一群没受到种族歧视的 犹太侨民。
to this day:至今; encountered:v.遭遇,遇到;偶然碰到;意外地遇见;(encounter的过去分词和过去式) anti-semitism:n.反犹太主义;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
That's the Indian story. 这是印度的故事。
Islam came peacefully to the south, slightly more differently complicated history in the north. 伊斯兰教和平地来到南方, 稍微复杂的是北部的历史。
peacefully:adv.平静地;和平地; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
But, all of these religions have found a place and a welcome home in India. 但是,这些宗教都在印度找到了安家的地方。
You know, we just celebrated, this year, our general elections, the biggest exercise in democratic franchise in human history. 正如你们所知,我们刚刚庆祝完,我国今年的大选, 这是人类历史上民主人口最多的国家。
democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; franchise:n.特权;公民权;经销权;v.给…以特许(或特权);赋予公民权;
And the next one will be even bigger, because our voting population keeps growing by 20 million a year. 而下一届的选举将会更大,因为我们的投票人口 保持每年2000万人的增长速度。
But, the fact is that the last elections, five years ago, gave the world extraordinary phenomenon of an election being won by a woman political leader of Italian origin and Roman Catholic faith , Sonia Gandhi , who then made way for a sikh, Mohan Singh, to be sworn in as prime minister , by a Muslim, President Abdul Kalam, in a country 81 percent Hindu . 但是,事实是 五年前的选举, 给予世界一震惊的景象, 选举获胜人是女性政治领袖 意大利裔和天主教信仰者,索尼娅甘地, 国会议员莫汉·辛格则用锡克教徒的方式 来宣誓就任总理, 在印度总统卡拉姆则是一位穆斯林, 而印度教则统治着百分之八十一的国民。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); origin:n.起源;起因;源头;出身; Roman Catholic:n.天主教徒; faith:n.信心;信任;宗教信仰; Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖); prime minister:n.首相;总理; Hindu:adj.印度的;印度教的;n.印度人;印度教教徒;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
This is India, and of course it's all the more striking because it was four years later that we all applauded the U.S., the oldest democracy in the modern world, more than 220 years of free and fair elections, 这就是印度,当然它更引人注目 因为这是4年之后,我们都为他鼓掌 美国,在现代世界最古老的民主国家, 220多年的自由和公正的选举
all the more striking:更加令人印象深刻的; applauded:v.鼓掌;称赞;赞许;赞赏(applaud的过去分词和过去式) democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
which took till last year to elect a president or a vice president, who wasn't white, male or Christian. 去年选出的总统和副总统, 既不是白人也不是基督教徒
So, maybe, -- oh sorry, he is Christian, I beg your pardon -- and he is male, but he isn't white. 也许, - 哦,对不起,他是基督徒,请原谅 -- 他是一位男性,但不是一名白人。
All the others have been all those three. 他们这些人都包含那三点。
(Laughter) （笑）
All his predecessors have been all those three, and that's the point I was trying to make. 他所有的前任都包含那三点, 这就是我想试图解释的核心问题。
predecessors:n.前任(predecessor的复数);
(Laughter) （笑）
But, the issue is that when I talked about that example, it's not just about talking about India, it's not propaganda. 但是,问题是 当我谈到这个例子时, 它不只是在说印度,这不是一个宣传。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
Because ultimately , that electoral outcome had nothing to do with the rest of the world. 因为最终,该选举结果 与世界其他地区无关。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; electoral:adj.选举的;选举人的; outcome:n.结果,结局;成果; had nothing to do with:与…无关;
It was essentially India being itself. 这实质上是关于印度的自身。
And ultimately, it seems to me, that always works better than propaganda. 并最终,在我看来, 比宣传要更有效。
Governments aren't very good at telling stories. 各国政府并不擅长讲故事。
But, people see a society for what it is, and that, it seems to me, is what ultimately will make a difference in today's information era, in today's TED age. 但是,选民看到的是社会的真实情况, 而且,在我看来, 正是他们最终将决定当今的信息时代的差异, 今时的TED时代。
make a difference:有影响,有关系;
So India now is no longer the nationalism of ethnicity or language or religion, because we have every ethnicity known to mankind , practically , we've every religion know to mankind , with the possible exception of Shintoism. 因此,印度现在已不再有 种族、语言或信仰民族主义, 因为我们知道每一个种族都是人类大家庭的一员,实际上, 我们都知道人类的各种宗教, 日本神道教可能例外。
nationalism:n.民族主义;国家主义;民族特性; ethnicity:n.种族划分; mankind:n.人类;男性; practically:adv.实际地;几乎;事实上; exception:n.例外;异议;
Though that has some Hindu elements somewhere. 虽然这部分有一些印度教的地方。
elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
We have 23 official languages that are recognized in our constitution . 我们宪法承认23种官方语言。
official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员; constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成;
And those of you who cashed your money here might be surprised to see how many scripts there are on the rupee note, spelling out the denominations . 你们在这里兑换现钱时, 可能会惊奇地发现卢比上 有那么多关于面额的脚本说明。
scripts:n.原稿,手稿(script的复数形式); rupee:n.卢比(货币); denominations:n.面额;名称;教派;
We've got all of that. 我们已经有了这一切。
We don't even have geography uniting us. 我们甚至没有完整的地理版图。
uniting:v.(为某事)联合,联手,团结;联合;统一;(unite的现在分词)
Because the natural geography of the subcontinent framed by the mountains and the sea was hacked by the partition with Pakistan in 1947. 因为我们属于地理学中的次大陆 由山和海组成的框架 被巴基斯坦在1947年分裂。
subcontinent:n.次大陆; framed:v.给…做框;给…镶边;制订;拟订;(frame的过去分词和过去式) hacked:v.砍;劈;猛踢;非法侵入(hack的过去分词和过去式) partition:n.划分,分开;[数]分割;隔墙;隔离物;vt.[数]分割;分隔;区分;
In fact, you can't even take the name of the country for granted . 事实上,你甚至不能理所当然的采用国名。
granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
Because the name "India" comes from the river Indus, which flows in Pakistan. 因为“印度”这个名称,是来自印度河, 此河在巴基斯坦的流动。
But, the whole point is that India is the nationalism of an idea. 但是,整个问题是,印度 是一个民族主义的观念。
It's the idea of an ever-ever-land, emerging from an ancient civilization, united by a shared history, but sustained , above all, by pluralist democracy. 这个观念就是无限的土地, 源于一种古老的文明, 分享着共同的历史, 但是长期来看,最重要的是,通过多元化民主。
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) united:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) sustained:adj.持续的; v.维持; (sustain的过去分词和过去式) pluralist:n.兼职者;多元论者;兼管数个教堂者;
That is a 21st-century story as well as an ancient one. 这是21世纪的故事,也是一个古老的一个。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
And it's the nationalism of an idea that essentially says you can endure differences of caste , creed , color, culture, cuisine, custom and costume , consonant , for that matter, and still rally around a consensus . 并且它是一个观念的民族主义, 本质上说,你可以忍受种姓差异,信仰, 肤色,文化,饮食,风俗和服装,辅音的差别, 就此而言,仍然有和睦团结的共识。
endure:v.忍受;忍耐;持续;持久; caste:n.(印度社会中的)种姓;(具有严格等级差别的)社会地位;(排他的)社会团体; creed:n.信条,教义; costume:n.服装;装束;戏装,服装;v.给(某人)穿上特殊服装; consonant:adj.辅音的;一致的;和谐的;n.辅音;辅音字母; rally:v.团结;重整;恢复;(网球等)连续对打;n.集会;回复;公路赛车会; consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意;
And the consensus is of a very simple principle , that in a diverse plural democracy like India you don't really have to agree on everything all the time, so long as you agree on the ground rules of how you will disagree. 而共识是一个非常简单的原则, 在一个多元化的民主国家就像印度 你真的不必在所有的时间同意每件事, 只要你对你将如何表达 不同意见的规则达成一致。
principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉; diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; so long as:adv.只要;
The great success story of India, a country that so many learned scholars and jounalists assumed would disintegrate , in the '50s and '60s, is that it managed to maintain consensus on how to survive without consensus. 印度伟大的成功故事, 一个国家,有这么多经验的学者和新闻工作者 假设即将瓦解,在五十年代,六十年代, 只要能够维持生存是没有共识的共识。
success story:n.获得巨大成功的人(或事物); assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式) disintegrate:vt.使分解;使碎裂;使崩溃;使衰变;vi.瓦解;碎裂;衰变; maintain:v.维持;保持;维修;保养;坚持(意见);
Now, that is the India that is emerging into the 21st century. 今天,印度是以迈进21世纪。
And I do want to make the point that if there is anything worth celebrating about India, it isn't military muscle , economic power. 我想要强调的是 如果有什么可以使印度值得庆祝的事的话, 它不是军事实力,经济实力。
muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
All of that is necessary, but we still have huge amounts of problems to overcome . 所有这一切是必要的, 但我们仍然有大量的问题需要克服。
overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
Somebody said we are super poor, and we are also super power. 有人说我们即是超级穷国,也是超级强国。
We can't really be both of those. 我们不可能两者兼是。
We have to overcome our poverty . We have to deal with the hardware of development, the ports, the roads, the airports , all the infrastructural things we need to do, and the software of development, 我们必须克服我们的贫穷。我们必须处理 硬件的发展, 港口,道路,机场, 我们需要做所有基础设施的事情, 和软件开发,
poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具; airports:n.[航]机场;[航]航空港(airport的复数形式); infrastructural:adj.基础结构的;构造基底的;
the human capital, the need for the ordinary person in India to be able to have a couple of square meals a day, to be able to send his or her children to a decent school, and to aspire to work a job that will give them opportunities in their lives that can transform themselves. 人力资本,用于在印度普通人的需要 就是每一日三顿饭能吃得很丰盛, 能够送他或她的孩子 去一个体面的学校, 并有志投身工作 这可以帮助他们给育它们生活的机会 并且可以改变自己。
decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的; aspire:v.渴望(成就);有志(成为);
But, it's all taking place, this great adventure of conquering those challenges, those real challenges which none of us can pretend don't exist. 但是,这一切的发生,这种伟大的冒险征服需要一种挑战, 这种挑战是不容我们可以假装不存在。
adventure:n.冒险;奇遇;经历;冒险游戏;v.探险;以…冒险;大胆进行;闯; conquering:v.战胜,征服;攻克,攻取;(conquer的现在分词)
But, it's all taking place in an open society, in a rich and diverse and plural civilization, in one that is determined to liberate and fulfill the creative energies of its people. 并且,这一切都发生在一个开放的社会里, 在一个丰富多样和多元文化当中, 是一个是要解放和实现 人民的创造力社会中。
determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) liberate:v.解放;使自由;使摆脱约束(或限制); fulfill:v.执行,贯彻;完成,实现;兑现;达到;起到; creative:adj.创造性的;
that's why India belongs at TED, and that's why TED belongs in India. 这就是为什么印度所属于TED, 这就是为什么TED所属于印度。
Thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌声）