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SharmeenObaidChinoy_2019-_电影如何改变我们看世界的方式_-
I'm a storyteller , but I'm also a troublemaker . 我是个故事讲述者, 但我也是个麻烦制造者。
storyteller:n.说故事的人;故事作者;短篇小说作家; troublemaker:n.捣乱者,闹事者;惹麻烦的人;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I have a habit of asking difficult questions. 我有问刁钻问题的习惯。
It started when I was 10 years old, and my mother, who was raising six children, had no time for them. 这个习惯从10岁就开始了, 我母亲需要抚养6个小孩, 并没有时间应付这些问题。
At 14, fed up with my increasingly annoying questions, she recommended that I begin writing for the local English-language newspaper in Pakistan, to put my questions out to the entire country, she said. 在我14岁时,受够 我不断增加的烦人问题后, 她建议我开始为 巴基斯坦的本地英文报纸 撰稿, 把问题丢给全国人民。
fed up with:受够了;极厌恶;对…厌倦; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; annoying:adj.烦人的;使生气的;使烦恼的;v.使生气;打扰;骚扰;(annoy的现在分词) recommended:v.推荐;举荐;介绍;劝告;建议;(recommend的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
At 17, I was an undercover investigative journalist . 17岁时,我成了一名卧底调查记者。
undercover:adj.秘密工作的;暗中做的;私下进行的; investigative:adj.研究的;调查的;好调查的; journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者;
I don't even think my editor knew just how young I was when I sent in a story that named and shamed some very powerful people. 当我开始点名批评 一些非常有权势的人时, 我甚至认为我的编辑 并知道我还没成年。
The men I'd written about wanted to teach me a lesson. 我曾批评的人想要给我点教训。
They wanted to shame me and my family. 他们想让我和家人蒙羞。
They spray-painted my name and my family's name with unspeakable profanities across our front gate and around our neighborhood . 他们偷偷地把我和家人的名字 喷在家和邻里的前门上,写满了 难以启齿的脏话。
spray-painted:v.喷漆(spray-paint的过去分词); unspeakable:adj.无法形容的;不能以言语表达的;坏透了的; profanities:n.亵渎;不敬的言语; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
And they felt that my father, who was a strict man of tradition, would stop me. 他们觉得这样会让我父亲, 这个严肃又传统的人 出面阻止我。
Instead, my father stood in front of me and said, "If you speak the truth, I will stand with you, and so will the world." 与之相反的是,我父亲站在我面前说, “如果你说的是真相,我挺你, 世界也会支持你。”
And then he got -- 然后他——
(Applause) （鼓掌）
And then he got a group of people together and they whitewashed the walls. 然后他找来一群人重新粉刷了墙。
whitewashed:n.粉饰;白色涂料;石灰水;vt.掩饰;把…刷白;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I've always wanted my stories to jolt people, to shake them into having difficult conversations. 我一直希望我的故事能让人醒悟, 动摇他们,让他们 主动面对艰难的对话。
jolt:vt.使颠簸;使震惊;使摇动;vi.摇晃;颠簸而行;n.颠簸;摇晃;震惊;严重挫折;
And I felt that I would be more effective if I did something visual . 我觉得如果我能做些 视觉化的东西会更有效。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的;
And so at 21, I became a documentary filmmaker , turning my camera onto marginalized communities on the front lines in war zones, eventually returning home to Pakistan, where I wanted to document violence against women. 所以在21岁时,我开始做纪录片导演, 我把镜头对准了 战争前线的边缘社区, 最终拉回到巴基斯坦国内, 我想在这里记录针对女性的暴力。
filmmaker:n.电影制作人;电影摄制者; marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) eventually:adv.最后,终于; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
Pakistan is home to 200 million people. 巴基斯坦有2亿人口。
And with its low levels of literacy , film can change the way people perceive issues . 由于文盲很多, 采用电影的形式可以有效的 改变人们看待事情的方式。
literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
An effective storyteller speaks to our emotions , elicits empathy and compassion , and forces us to look at things differently. 一个有效的讲述者 会和我们的情感对话, 激发我们的同理心和同情心, 并迫使我们以不同的方式看待事物。
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) elicits:引出; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
In my country, film had the potential to go beyond cinema. 在我的国家,电影的 潜在作用会超越电影院。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
It could change lives. 它可以改变生活。
The issues that I've always wanted to raise -- 我一直想提出的问题——
I've always wanted to hold up a mirror to society -- they've been driven by my barometer of anger. 我总是想给社会立一面镜子—— 它们被我愤怒的晴雨表驱动。
barometer:n.[气象]气压计;晴雨表;显示变化的事物;
And my barometer of anger led me, in 2014, to honor killings. 2014年,我愤怒的晴雨表 将我引向了荣誉谋杀。
Honor killings take place in many parts of the world, where men punish women who transgress rules made by them: women who choose to marry on their own free will; or women who are looking for a divorce; or women who are suspected of having illicit relationships. 荣誉谋杀发生在世界的很多地方, 那些地方的男人会惩罚违反 他们制定的规矩的女人: 按自己意愿自由结婚的女人; 或者想要离婚的女人; 或者被怀疑有不当关系的女人。
take place:发生;举行; transgress:vt.违反;侵犯;犯罪;vi.违反;违法;越界; suspected:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的过去分词和过去式) illicit:adj.违法的;不正当的;
In the rest of the world, honor killings would be known as murder. 而在世界其他地方, 荣誉谋杀会被视作谋杀。
I always wanted to tell that story from the perspective of a survivor. 我一直想从一个幸存者的 角度来讲述这个故事。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
But women do not live to tell their tale and instead end up in unmarked graves . 但女人往往活不到讲述她们的故事, 而是会早早死在无名的坟墓里。
unmarked:adj.无记号的;未被注意的; graves:n.坟墓; adj.重大的; v.对(船底)作清洗并涂上沥青等涂料; v.庄重地; (grave的第三人称单数)
So one morning when I was reading the newspaper, and I read that a young woman had miraculously survived after being shot in the face by her father and her uncle 有天早晨,我在读报纸的时候 读到一个年轻女子, 因为选择按照自己的意愿嫁人, 被她的父亲和叔叔开枪
miraculously:adv.奇迹般地;神奇地;非凡地;出乎意料地;
because she chose to marry a man out of her free will , 击中脸部后奇迹般地活了下来。
free will:n.自由意志;
I knew I had found my storyteller. 我知道我找到了我的故事讲述人。
Saba was determined to send her father and her uncle to jail , but in the days after leaving the hospital, pressure mounted on her to forgive . 萨巴决心把她的父亲 和叔叔送进监狱, 但在出院后的几天里, 要求她宽恕的呼声越来越大。
Saba:n.塞巴(阿拉伯南部的一个古国,今天的也门); determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式) jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱; mounted:adj.骑马的; v.准备; (mount的过去分词和过去式) forgive:v.原谅;免除(债务,义务等);
You see, there was a loophole in the law that allowed for victims to forgive perpetrators , enabling them to avoid jail time. 法律有一个漏洞, 要求受害者原谅施暴者, 使他们免受牢狱之灾。
loophole:n.漏洞;枪眼;换气孔;射弹孔; perpetrators:n.作恶者;行凶者;犯罪者;(perpetrator的复数) enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词);
And she was told that she would be ostracized and her family, her in-laws , they would all be shunned from the community , because many felt that her father had been well within his right, given her transgression . 她被告知她将被孤立, 她的家人,她的姻亲, 都将被社会放逐, 因为很多人认为鉴于她的过错, 他父亲有权这样做。
ostracized:v.排挤;排斥;(ostracize的过去式和过去分词) in-laws:n.姻亲(无血缘关系的亲戚); shunned:v.避开;回避;避免;(shun的过去分词和过去式) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; transgression:n.罪过;海侵;违反;超越;
She fought on -- for months. 她继续战斗—— 持续了几个月。
But on the final day in court, she gave a statement forgiving them. 但在法庭上的最后一天, 她发表了原谅他们的声明。
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
As filmmakers , we were devastated , because this was not the film that we had set out to make. 作为电影人,我们深受打击, 因为这不是我们打算要拍的电影。
filmmakers:n.制片人(filmmaker的复数); devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式)
In hindsight , had she pressed charges, fought the case and won, hers would have been an exception . 事后看来,如果她提起诉讼、 打赢官司并胜诉的话, 她的情况可能是个例外。
hindsight:n.后见之明;枪的照门; exception:n.例外;异议;
When such a strong woman is silenced, what chance did other women have? 当如此坚强的女性都被迫保持沉默, 其他女性还有什么机会？
And we began to think about using our film to change the way people perceived honor killings, to impact the loophole in the law. 我们开始考虑用我们的电影 来改变人们对荣誉谋杀的看法, 去影响法律的漏洞。
perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词) impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
And then our film was nominated for an Academy Award , and honor killings became headline news, and the prime minister , while sending his congratulations, offered to host the first screening of the film at his office. 然后我们的电影获得了奥斯卡提名, 荣耀谋杀成为头条新闻, 总理在表示祝贺的同时, 主动提出在他的办公室 主持这部电影的首映式。
nominated:v.提名;推荐;任命;指派;挑选;(nominate的过去式和过去分词) Academy Award:n.奥斯卡金像奖(美国电影艺术科学院颁发的年度电影成就奖); prime minister:n.首相;总理;
Of course, we jumped at the chance, because no prime minister in the history of the country had ever done so. 当然,我们抓住了这个机会。 因为这个国家的历史上 还没有总理这样做过。
And at the screening, which was carried live on national television, he said something that reverberated throughout the country: "There is no honor in honor killings," he said. 首映是通过 国家电视台直播, 他的话引起了全国反响: “荣誉谋杀没有荣誉可言。”
reverberated:vt.使回响; vi.回响; adj.回响的; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
At the Academy Awards in LA, many of the pundits had written us off, but we felt that in order for the legislative push to continue, we needed that win. 在洛杉矶举行的奥斯卡颁奖典礼上, 许多权威人士对我们不屑一顾, 但我们认为为了推动立法, 我们需要这个胜利。
pundits:权威(pundit的复数); legislative:adj.立法的;有立法权的;n.立法权;立法机构;
And then, my name was announced, and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops , because I didn't expect to be onstage . 然后,我的名字被念到了, 我穿着人字拖跳上台阶, 因为我没想到会出现在台上。
flip-flops:n.平底人字拖鞋(flip-flop的复数); onstage:adj.台上的;台上演出的;adv.上台;上场;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I accepted the statue , telling a billion people watching that the prime minister of Pakistan had pledged to change the law, because, of course, that's one way of holding the prime minister accountable . 我接受了这座雕像,告诉10亿观众 巴基斯坦总理曾承诺修改法律, 因为这当然是追究 总理责任的一种方式。
statue:n.雕像;塑像;铸像;v.用雕像装饰; pledged:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;抵押(pledge的过去分词和过去式) accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And -- 于是——
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Back home, the Oscar win dominated headline news, and more people joined the fray , asking for the loophole in the law to be closed. 在国内,奥斯卡获奖 占据了国内头条新闻, 越来越多的人加入了这场争论, 要求填补法律漏洞。
dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词) fray:n.争吵;打斗,竞争,争辩;v.磨损,磨散;(使)烦躁,恼火
And then in October 2016, after months of campaigning, the loophole was indeed closed. 然后在2016年10月,数个月的活动后, 法律漏洞真的被堵住了。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
And now men who kill women in the name of honor receive life imprisonment . 现在那些以荣誉谋杀为借口 杀害女性的人 将被终生监禁。
in the name of:以…的名义; imprisonment:n.监禁,关押;坐牢;下狱;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Yet, the very next day, a woman was killed in the name of honor, and then another and another. 然而次日, 一个女性被荣誉谋杀, 然后是一个又一个。
We had impacted legislation , but that wasn't enough. 我们影响了立法, 但这还不够。
impacted:adj.压紧的;结实的;嵌入的;(人口)稠密的;v.装紧;挤满(impact的过去分词); legislation:n.立法;法律;
We needed to take the film and its message to the heartland , to small towns and villages across the country. 我们需要把这部电影和它所 传达的信息带到中心地带, 带到全国各地的小城镇和村庄。
heartland:n.中心地带;心脏地区;
You see, for me, cinema can play a very positive role in changing and molding society in a positive direction. 对我而言,电影在改变 和塑造社会的方面 可以起到非常正面的作用。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; molding:n.线脚;v.用可塑材料塑成;浇铸;发霉;(mold的现在分词)
But how would we get to these places? 但我们应该如何到达这些地方？
How would we get to these small towns and villages? 我们如何到达这些小城镇和村庄？
We built a mobile cinema, a truck that would roll through the length and breadth of the country, that would stop in small towns and villages. 我们创造了一个移动电影院, 一辆将穿过这个国家各个角落, 停在各个小城镇和村庄的卡车。
mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; breadth:n.宽度;(知识、兴趣等)广泛;
We outfitted it with a large screen that would light up the night sky, and we called it "Look But With Love." 我们为它配备了一个可以 照亮夜空的大屏幕, 我们称之为“带着爱去看。”
outfitted:n.机构;用具;全套装备;vi.得到装备;vt.配备;供应;
It would give the community an opportunity to come together and watch films in the evening. 它为社区提供了一个在夜晚 一起看电影的机会。
We knew we could attract men and children in the mobile cinema. 我知道移动电影院可以 吸引男性和孩子们。
They would come out and watch. 他们会出来观看。
But what about women? 那么女性呢？
In these small, rural communities that are segregated , how would we get women to come out? 在这些被隔离的农村小社区, 我们如何让女性走出家门？
rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; segregated:adj.被隔离的;v.隔离(segregate的过去式);分离;
We had to work with prevailing cultural norms in order to do so, and so we built a cinema inside the cinema, outfitting it with seats and a screen where women could go inside and watch without fearing or being embarrassed or harassment . 为了做到这一点,我们必须 依照盛行的文化规范, 所以我们在电影院里 又设立了一个电影院, 为它配备了座椅和屏幕, 女性可以在无需害怕, 尴尬, 或被骚扰的情况下, 进去观看。
prevailing:adj.流行的;一般的;占优势的;v.盛行,流行;获胜;(prevail的现在分词形式) cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式); outfitting:n.码头舾装;舾装设备;v.配备;供应(outfit的ing形式); embarrassed:adj.尴尬的;窘迫的;v.使...局促不安;(embarrass的过去分词和过去式) harassment:n.骚扰;烦恼;
We began to introduce everyone to films that opened up their minds to competing worldviews, encouraging children to build critical thinking so that they could ask questions. 我们开始向大家介绍一些 开阔眼界,让他们接受 不同世界观的电影, 鼓励孩子们培养批判性思维, 这样他们就能问问题。
competing:adj.相互冲突的;相互矛盾的;v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛;(compete的现在分词) critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的;
And we expanded our scope beyond honor killings, talking about income inequality, the environment, talking about ethnic relations, religious tolerance and compassion. 我们也将主题范围覆盖到荣誉谋杀之外, 谈论收入不平等, 环境问题, 谈论种族关系,宗教宽容和同情心。
expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式); scope:n.能力; v.仔细看; ethnic:adj.种族的;人种的; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍;
And inside, for women, we showed them films in which they were heroes, not victims, and we told them how they could navigate the court system, the police system, educating them about their rights, telling them where they could seek refuge if they were victims of domestic violence, where they could go and get help. 在里面,针对女性, 我们播放那些女性是英雄, 而非牺牲品的电影, 我们告诉她们如何浏览 法庭系统,警务系统, 让她们了解自己的权利, 告诉她们,如果她们是 家庭暴力的受害者, 可以到哪里寻求庇护, 可以去哪里寻求帮助。
navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; seek:v.寻求;寻找;谋求; refuge:n.避难所;庇护;慰藉;庇护者;v.避难;(古)庇护; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的;
We were surprised that we were welcomed in so many of the places that we went to. 我们非常惊讶于在所到之处都受到了 当地民众的欢迎。
Many of the towns had never seen television or social media , and they were eager for their children to learn. 很多城镇从来没有见过电视或社交媒体, 他们非常渴望他们的孩子能够学习。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
But there was also pushback and blowback with the ideas that we were bringing with us. 但对我们所带去的想法 也存在一些阻力和反作用。
pushback:n.飞机推迟起飞; blowback:n.后坐;反吹;气流倒行;枪栓回弹;
Two members of our mobile cinema team resigned because of threats from villages. 因为部分村民的威胁, 我们移动电影院的 两个成员辞职了。
resigned:adj.逆来顺受的;顺从的;v.辞职;辞去(某职务);(resign的过去分词和过去式)
And in one of the villages that we were screening in, they shut it down and said they didn't want the women to know about their rights. 有一个村庄还关闭了 我们的移动电影院, 并且说他们不想女性知道她们的权利。
But on the flip side , in another village when a screening was shut down, a plainclothes policeman got up and ordered it back on, and stood by, protecting our team, 但另一方面,在另一个村庄, 当移动电影院被关闭时, 一个便衣警察站了起来, 命令将它重新启动, 并站在一旁保护我们的团队。
on the flip side:另一方面; plainclothes:adj.便衣的(尤指不穿制服的警察);
telling everyone that it was his duty to expose the young minds to an alternative worldview and to this content . 他告诉每个人,他的责任 是让年轻人的思想 接触另一种世界观和其中的内容。
expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; worldview:n.世界观; content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
He was an ordinary hero. 他是个普通的英雄。
But we've come across so many of these heroes on our journey . 但我们在旅途中遇到了 很多这样的英雄。
come across:偶然遇见;给人以…的印象; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
In another town, where the men said that only they could watch and the women had to stay home, a community elder got up, got a group of people together, had a discussion, and then both men and women sat down to watch together. 在另一个城镇,那里的 男人说只有他们才能看电影, 女人只能呆在家里时, 社区的一位长老站了起来, 把一堆人聚在一起开展了讨论, 然后男人和女人都坐下来 一起看了电影。
We are documenting what we are doing. 我们记录下了我们正在做的事情。
We talk to people. 我们跟人们交谈。
We adapt . 我们不断调整策略。
adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
We change the lineup of films. 我们改变了放映列表。
lineup:n.阵容;一组人;电视节目时间表;
When we show men films that show perpetrators of violence behind bars , we want to hit home the fact that if men are violent , there will be repercussions . 我们给男人们看 监狱里的暴力犯罪者的故事, 我们想让人们明白,如果男人使用暴力, 就会产生不良后果。
behind bars:坐牢;在狱中;在监狱服刑;铁窗之后; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; repercussions:n.反响,影响(repercussion的复数形式);
But we also show films where men are seen as championing women, because we want to encourage them to take on those roles. 但我们也放映被视为 女性拥护者的男人的电影, 因为我们想鼓励他们承担这样的角色。
For women, when we show them films in which they are heads of state or where they are lawyers and doctors and in leadership positions, we talk to them and encourage them to step into those roles. 对于女性,我们给她们放映 那些女性是国家领导, 或者女性是律师,医生 和领导岗位的电影, 我们跟她们交谈并鼓励 她们进入这些角色。
We are changing the way people in these villages interact , and we're taking our learnings into other places. 我们改变了这些村庄里的 人们互动的方式, 我们把我们的经验应用到了其他地方。
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
Recently , a group contacted us and wants to take our mobile cinema to Bangladesh and Syria , and we're sharing our learnings with them. 最近,一群人联系我们, 希望把我们的移动电影院 带到孟加拉国和叙利亚, 我们正在与他们分享我们的经验。
Recently:adv.最近;新近; contacted:v.联系,联络(如用电话或信件)(contact的过去分词和过去式) Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
We feel it's really important to take what we are doing and spread it across the world. 我们觉得把我们在做的事情 推广到全世界真的非常重要。
In small towns and villages across Pakistan, men are changing the way they interact with women, children are changing the way they see the world, one village at a time, through cinema. 在巴基斯坦的小镇和村庄中, 男人改变了他们与女性互动的方式, 孩子们改变了看世界的方式, 用电影院的方式, 一个村庄接一个村庄的去改变。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）