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ShariDavis_2020-_如果你能帮助政府决定如何运用公共资金会怎样？_-
My name is Shari Davis, and let's be honest, 我是夏利·戴维斯 （Shari Davis）, 说实话,
I'm a recovering government employee. 我是“重建政府”的一名员工。
And I say that with a huge shout-out to the folks that work in government and on systems change. 我想对所有在政府部门工作的员工 以及从事体制改变的人大声呼吁。
It's hard. 这很困难,
It can be isolating . 让人感到孤立无援,
And the work can feel impossible. 甚至是不可能完成的工作。
But government is the people that show up. 但是政府恰恰就是需要 能够出面的人。[00:30]
shout-out:突然呼喊,大叫; isolating:adj.孤立的;绝缘的;v.使隔离;使绝缘(isolate的ing形式);
Really, it's the people that can show up and are committed to the promise that public service offers: service to people, democracy and fixing the problems that community members face. 是需要出面 为公共服务做出承诺的人: 服务人民、 民主, 解决社会中人们遇到的问题。
Seventeen years ago, 十七年前,
I walked through city hall for the first time as a staff member. 我作为工作人员 第一次走过市政厅。
And that walk revealed something to me. 这让我发现了一些事情。
I was a unicorn . 我是独特的。[00:57]
committed:adj.坚信的; v.做出错事; (commit的过去分词和过去式) public service:n.公共事业;公营事业;公益事业(或服务);政府; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; city hall:n.市政府;市政厅; revealed:v.揭示;显示;露出;(reveal的过去分词和过去式) unicorn:n.独角兽;麒麟;
There weren't many people who looked like me that worked in the building. 在这栋大楼里工作的人 很少有像我这样的。
And yet, there were folks committed to addressing hundreds of years of systemic inequity that left some behind and many ignored . 然而,也有人致力于解决数百年来 系统的不平等问题, 这些导致许多人被抛弃、 被忽视的问题。
Where there was promise, there was a huge problem. 有承诺的地方, 就存在问题。
You see, democracy, as it was originally designed, had a fatal flaw . 民主,在一开始被提出的时候, 就有致命的缺陷。
It only laid pipeline for rich white men to progress. 它只不过是为有钱的白人的进步 铺设的道路。
systemic:adj.系统的;全身的;体系的; inequity:n.不公平,不公正; ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式) originally:adv.原来;起初; fatal:adj.致命的;灾难性的;毁灭性的;导致失败的; flaw:n.瑕疵,缺点; v.使生裂缝,使有裂纹; vi.生裂缝;
And now, if you're a smart rich white man, you understand why I say that's a problem. 如果你是一个 聪明、富有的白人, 你就会理解为什么我说 这是一个问题。
Massive talent has been left off the field. 许多有才华的人被忽视。
Our moral imaginations have grown anemic . 我们的道德想象力变得贫乏。
Our highest offices are plagued by corruption . 我们的最高职位充斥着腐败。
We're on the brink of a sort of apathetic apocalypse , and it's not OK. 我们正处于一种 冷漠的世界末日的边缘, 这需要改变。
Massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; imaginations:n.[心理]想象力;空想;幻想物; anemic:adj.患贫血症的,贫血的; plagued:v.困扰(plague的过去分词);折磨; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落; on the brink of:即将要;濒于;濒临;在…的边缘; apathetic:adj.冷漠的;无动于衷的,缺乏兴趣的; apocalypse:n.启示;天启;
We've got to open the doors to city halls and schools so wide that people can't help but walk in. 我们需要敞开 市政厅和学校的大门, 让它们对每个人开放。
We've got to throw out the old top-down processes that got us into this mess , and start over, with new faces around the table, new voices in the mix, and we have to welcome new perspectives every step of the way. 我们需要放弃那些 使我们陷入困境的、 老旧的、自上而下的程序, 重新来过, 让新面孔加入, 鼓励新的声音, 在每一步我们都需要欢迎新事物。
Not because it's the right thing to do -- although it is -- but because that's the only way for us to all succeed together. 不仅仅因为这是正确的—— 虽然它确实是—— 更是因为这是 能让我们走向成功的唯一方法。
And here's the best news of all. 最好的消息是,
throw out:v.扔掉;伸出;说出;否决;突出; top-down:adj.[计]自顶向下;组织管理严密的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺; perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式);
I know how to do it. 我知道该怎么做。
The answer -- well, an answer, is participatory budgeting . 答案就是: 参与式预算。
That's right. 没错。
Participatory budgeting, or "PB" for short. 参与式预算,或者简称“PB”。
PB is a process that brings community and government together to ideate , develop concrete proposals and vote on projects that solve real problems in community. PB 是一个能结合社区和政府, 去设想、提出具体建议, 并投票选出能真正解决 社区问题的计划的过程。
participatory:adj.供人分享的;吸引参与的; budgeting:n.编制预算;v.做预算(budget的ing形式); ideate:v.对…形成概念;想象;n.与观念相应的客体; concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖 proposals:n.建议书(Proposal的复数);求婚;
Now I realize that people don't get up and dance when I start talking about public budgets . 我意识到,当我谈到公共预算时, 人们总是表现得不以为意。
But participatory budgeting is actually about collective , radical imagination. 但是参与式预算的 重点在于集体的、激进的的想象力。
Everyone has a role to play in PB, and it works, because it allows community members to craft real solutions to real problems and provides the infrastructure for the promise of government. 在 PB 中,每个人 都承担着一个任务, 这是有效的, 因为社区成员可以根据实际的问题 去想出真正的解决方案, 为政府的承诺提供基础设施。
budgets:n.[财政]预算(budget复数形式);v.为…做预算(budget的第三人称单数形式); collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; craft:n.工艺;船;手艺;飞行器;v.(尤指用手工)精心制作; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
And honestly, it's how I saw a democracy actually work for the first time. 说实话, 这是我第一次看见 民主制度的运行。
I remember it like it was yesterday. 就像昨天发生的事情一样,
It was 2014 in Boston , Massachusetts, and mayor Menino asked me to launch the country's first youth-focused PB effort with one million dollars of city funds . 2014 年, 在马萨诸塞州的波士顿, 梅尼诺（Menino）市长让我 用一百万美元的市政资金, 发起全国第一个 以年轻人为中心的 PB 计划。
Now, we didn't start with line items and limits or spreadsheets and formulas . 我们并不以规则、限制, 或是表格和公式为起点。
We started with people. 我们从人开始,
We wanted to make sure that everyone was listened to. 我们需要确保 每个人的意见都能被听到。
So we brought in young people from historically and traditionally marginalized neighborhoods, members of the queer community and youth that were formerly incarcerated , 所以我们邀请 来自历史上或传统上 被边缘化的社区的年轻人, 同性恋群体的成员, 和曾经进过监狱的年轻人,[03:48]
Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市); mayor:n.市长;镇长; launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; funds:n.[会计]资金,现金(fund的复数);基金;v.资助(fund的三单形式);提供资金; items:n.项目;一件商品(或物品);一则,一条(新闻)(item的复数) spreadsheets:n.电子表格;电子数据表;试算表;空白表格程序; formulas:n.[数]公式;配方;规则(formula的复数); historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; traditionally:adv.传统上;习惯上;传说上; marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词); queer:adj.奇怪的; vt.搞糟; n.同性恋者; formerly:adv.以前;原来; incarcerated:v.监禁;关押;禁闭;(incarcerate的过去式和过去分词)
and together, often with pizza and a sugar-free beverage , we talked about how to make Boston better. 为他们提供披萨和无糖饮料, 一起讨论如何让波士顿变得更好。
And we designed a process that we called "Youth Lead the Change." 我们设计了名叫 “青年引领变革”的项目。
We imagined a Boston where young people could access the information that they need to thrive . 我们想象在波士顿, 年轻人可以得到 实现目标的过程中所需的信息。
sugar-free:adj.无糖的;未包糖衣的; beverage:n.饮料; thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达;
Where they could feel safe in their communities , and where they can transform public spaces into real hubs of life for all people. 让他们在社区中有安全感, 可以把公共空间变成 所有人真正的 生活中心。
And that's exactly what they did. 这正是他们在做的事。
In the first year, young people allocated 90,000 dollars to increase technology access for Boston public high school students, by delivering laptops right to Boston public high schools, so that students could thrive inside and outside of the classroom. 第一年, 这些年轻人用 9 万美元 为波士顿公立高中的学生们 增添了科技设施, 把笔记本电脑送进了这些高中里, 以便学生们在课堂内外 都能不断学习。
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; hubs:n.枢纽;中心(hub的复数);毂; allocated:v.拨…(给);划…(归);分配…(给);(allocate的过去式和过去分词) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; laptops:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;(laptop的复数)
They allocated 60,000 dollars to creating art walls that literally and figuratively brightened up public spaces. 他们还花费了 6 万美元 建造艺术墙, 去真正的为公共空间增光添彩。
But they addressed a more important problem. 他们还解决了一个更重要的问题。
Young people were being criminalized and pulled into the justice system for putting their art on walls. 一些年轻人曾经因为涂鸦 被定罪,并被司法系统处置,
So this gave them a safe space to practice their craft. 而艺术墙给了他们 一个安全的空间去练习创作。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: figuratively:adv.比喻地;象征性地; brightened:vi.明亮;变亮;活跃;快乐高兴;vt.使闪亮;使生辉;使快乐高兴; addressed:v.写(收信人)姓名地址:致函:演说:演讲:向…说话; (address的过去分词和过去式) criminalized:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
They allocated 400,000 dollars to renovating parks, to make them more accessible for all people of all bodies. 他们还用了 40 万美元 去重修公园, 更好的为所有人提供便利。
Now, admittedly , this didn't go as smoothly as we had planned. 但同时,我也必须承认, 这并不像我们想象的一样顺利。
Right before we broke ground on the park, we actually found out that it was on top of an archaeological site and had to halt construction . 就在公园动工之前, 我们发现这其实是一个考古遗址, 所以不得不停止施工。
renovating:v.修复;翻新;重新粉刷(renovate的现在分词) accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的; admittedly:adv.公认地;无可否认地;明白地; smoothly:adv.平稳地,平滑地;流畅地,流利地; archaeological:adj.[古]考古学的;[古]考古学上的; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; halt:v.停止;立定;踌躇,犹豫;n.停止;立定;休息; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
I thought I broke PB. 我认为我的 PB 计划要泡汤了。
But because the city was so committed to the project, that's not what happened. 但是因为这个城市 对这个计划如此投入, 实际上这并没有阻止我们。
They invited community in to do a dig, protected the site, found artifacts , extended Boston's history and then moved forward with the renovation . 他们邀请相关人员进行挖掘, 保护现场, 抢救出土文物, 让波士顿的历史得以延续, 之后继续进行改造计划。
If that isn't a reflection of radical imagination in government, 如果这都不能反映出 政府激进的想象力,
I don't know what is. 那我不知道什么才能。
What sounds simple is actually transformational for the people and communities involved . 这些听起来很简单的事情 对参与的民众和社区来说 其实是变革性的。
artifacts:n.史前古器物;人工产品; extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词) renovation:n.翻新;革新;翻修;修整; reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思; transformational:adj.转换的;改变的;转换生成的; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
I'm seeing community members shape transportation access, improve their schools and even transform government buildings, so that there is space inside of them for them. 我见证了社区成员 改造公共交通设施、 改善学校环境, 甚至改造政府大楼, 所以人们可以更好的学习与生活。
Before we had PB, 在参与式预算计划之前,
I would see people who look like me and come from where I come from walk in to government buildings for this new initiative or that new working group, and then I'd watch them walk right back out. 我看见和我一样 有着相同背景的人们, 走进政府大楼参与这项计划 或是参加新的工作小组, 之后我看见他们走出来。
transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; improve:v.改进;改善; initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的;
Sometimes I wouldn't see them again. 有时就再也见不到他们了。
It's because their expertise was being unvalued . 因为他们的专业技能被低估了,
They weren't truly being engaged in the process. 他们并不能真正的参与整个过程。
Put PB is different. 但参与式预算计划是不同的。
When we started doing PB, 当我们开始做 PB 计划时,
I met amazing young leaders across the city. 我见到了许多 才华横溢的年轻领导者。[06:44]
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; unvalued:adj.没有价值的;价值未经估定的; engaged in:从事于;忙于;
One in particular , a rock star, Malachi Hernandez , 15 years old, came into a community meeting -- shy, curious , a little quiet. 其中有个年轻人令人印象非常深刻,他叫 马拉凯·埃尔南德斯（Malachi Hernandez）, 当时只有 15 岁, 来参加了社区会议—— 有点害羞,充满好奇, 且少言寡语。
Stuck around and became one of the young people hoping to lead the project. 他一直呆在那儿, 是希望成为 项目领导者的年轻人之一。
Now fast-forward a couple of years. 几年后,
Malachi was the first in his family to attend college. 马拉凯成为了他家里 第一个进入大学的人。
in particular:尤其,特别; Hernandez:n.赫尔南德斯(墨西哥足球运动员); curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
A couple of weeks ago, he was the first in his family to graduate. 几周前, 他成功的毕业了。
Malachi has appeared in the Obama White House several times as part of the My Brother's Keeper initiative. 马拉凯 曾多次参加 “兄弟守望” （My Brother*s Keeper）计划。 并多次出现在 奥巴马执政时期的白宫。
President Obama even quotes Malachi in interviews . 奥巴马总统甚至在他的演讲中 提到过马拉凯。
It's true, you can look it up. 这是真的,我们可以 查到相关的信息。
Malachi got engaged, stayed engaged, and is out here changing the way we think about community leadership and potential . 马拉凯参与了进来, 而且能够一直参与, 这也改变了我们对社区领导者 及其潜力的看法。
White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿); quotes:n.引用,引号;报价(quote的复数);v.报价(quote的第三人称单数);引用;复述; interviews:n.面试; v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈); potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
Or my friend Maria Hadden, who was involved in the first PB process in Chicago. 又比如我的朋友 玛丽亚·哈登（Maria Hadden）, 参加了芝加哥市第一个 PB 计划,
Then went on to become a founding participatory budgeting project board member, eventually a staff member, and then unseated a 28-year incumbent , becoming the first queer Black alderperson in Chicago's history. 后来成为了 PB 项目的创始董事会成员, 随后又成为了工作人员, 取代了一个 在位 28 年的官员, 成为了芝加哥历史上 第一位黑人酷儿议员。
Maria:n.母驴;母马;[天文学]海(指月亮,火星表面的阴暗部分); eventually:adv.最后,终于; unseated:vt.罢免;剥夺…的席位;使失去资格;使从座位上(或马背上)摔下; incumbent:adj.现任的;依靠的;负有职责的;n.在职者;现任者;领圣俸者;
That's real engagement . 这就是真正的参与,
That's being taken seriously. 这就是被认真对待,
That's building out and building on community leadership. 这就是建立并发展社区领导能力,
That's system change. 这——就是体系的改革。
And it's not just in the US either. 而且不仅仅发生在美国。[08:10]
engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
After starting 30 years ago in Brazil , 自 30 年前诞生于巴西,
PB has spread to over 7,000 cities across the globe. PB 计划已遍布全球 超过 7000 个城市。
In Paris, France, the mayor puts up five percent of her budget, over 100 million euros , for community members to decide on and shape their city. 在法国巴黎, 市长拨出了 5% 的预算—— 超过 1 亿欧元—— 供社区成员用来 改造建造他们的城市。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家); euros:n.欧元;欧洛斯风;带雨东南暴风(euro复数);
Globally, PB has been shown to improve public health, reduce corruption and increase trust in government. 在全球,PB 计划 可以有效改善公共卫生、 减少腐败, 并增加人们对政府的信任。
Now we know the challenges that we face in today's society. 我们知道在当今社会 我们所面临的挑战。
How can we expect people to feel motivated , to show up to the polls when they can't trust that government is run by and for the people. 我们该如何 在人们不相信 政府是为人民服务时。
I argue that we haven't actually experienced true participatory democracy in these United States of America just yet. 我认为在美国, 我们还没有实现 真正的参与民主制。
But democracy is a living, breathing thing. 但民主是存在的,
And it's still our birthright . 是我们与生俱来的权利。
motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机; polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式); United States of America:un.美利坚合众国; birthright:n.与生俱来的权利;长子继承权;
It's time to renew trust, and that's not going to come easy. 是时候重新建立信任了, 虽然这并不容易。
We have to build new ways of thinking, of talking, of working, of dreaming, of planning in its place. 我们需要建立新的思维方式、 讨论方式、工作方式, 梦想以及计划。
What would America look like if everyone had a seat at the table? 如果能够实现人人平等, 美国会变成什么样？
renew:v.重新开始;中止后继续;重复强调;延长;
If we took the time to reimagine what's possible, and then ask, "How do we get there?" 我们需要去发现所有可能性, 并思考:“我们该如何实现？”
My favorite author, Octavia Butler, says it best. 我最喜欢的作家 奥克塔维娅·巴特勒（Octavia Butler）
In " Parable of the Sower," basically my Bible , she says, "All that you touch You Change. 在我视为圣经的 《播种者寓言》中说道: “你所触碰的一切都会因你而变。
reimagine:重新想象;再回味 Parable:n.寓言,比喻;隐晦或谜般的格言; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; Bible:n.有权威的书;
All that you Change Changes you. 你所改变的一切都会改变你。
The only lasting truth Is Change. 唯一永恒的真理,就是改变。
God Is Change." 上帝就是改变。”
It's time for these 50 states to change. 现在是时候 让美国的 50 个州改变了。
What got us here sure as hell won't get us there. 把我们带到这里的, 肯定不会把我们带到那里。
We've got to kick the walls of power down and plant gardens of genuine democracy in their place. 我们必须把权力之墙推倒, 在原地播种真正的民主。
That's how we change systems. 这就是我们改变体制的方式。
By opening doors so wide that people can't help but walk in. 让每个人 都拥有平等的权利。
So what's stopping you from bringing participatory budgeting to your community? 是什么阻止了你 在你的社区中 开展参与式预算项目呢？
genuine:adj.真实的,真正的;诚恳的;