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ShameranAbed_2020-_终结极度贫穷的四个步骤_-
We are witness to monumental human progress. 我们见证了人类历史上进步的里程碑。
Over the past few decades, the expansion of the global marketplace has lifted a third of the world's population out of extreme poverty . 在过去数十年间,全球市场的扩张 让全世界三分之一的人口 脱离了极度贫穷。
Yet we are also witness to an astounding failure. 但我们也见证了一个惊人的失败。
witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证; monumental:adj.不朽的;纪念碑的;非常的; expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; marketplace:n.市场;集市; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; astounding:adj.令人震惊的;使大吃一惊的;v.使震惊;使大惊;(astound的现在分词)
Our efforts to lift people up have left behind those in the harshest forms of poverty, the ultra-poor. 我们在努力协助的同时, 竟抛弃了那些身陷在 最贫穷艰困处境的人—— 极度贫穷者。
What it means to be ultra-poor goes beyond the monetary definition that we're all familiar with: living on less than two dollars a day. 极度贫穷的意思 每天靠少于两块钱美金过日子。
It goes even beyond not having assets like livestock or land. 它的定义也超越 沒有擁有任何牲畜或土地等資產。
harshest:刺耳的(harsh的最高级); monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; assets:n.资产;宝贵的人材;(一项)财物;资产;(asset的名词复数) livestock:n.家畜;牲畜;
To be ultra-poor means to be stripped of your dignity , purpose and self-worth . 极度贫穷的意思是 被剥夺尊严、目的和自我价值。
It means living in isolation, because you're a burden to your own community . 意思是孤独生活, 因为你对于自己的社区而言是个担子。
It means being unable to imagine a better future for yourself and your family. 意思是无法想像你自己和家人 能有更好的未来。
By the end of 2019, about 400 million people were living in ultra-poverty worldwide . 截至 2019 年年底, 全世界大约有四亿人 过着极度贫穷的生活。
stripped:adj.剥去的;v.剥夺;脱衣;把…剪成条状;(strip的过去式和过去分词) dignity:n.尊严;高贵; self-worth:n.自我价值;自尊;自负; burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
That's more than the populations of the United States and Canada combined. 这个数字超过了 美国加上加拿大的人口总数。
And when calamity strikes, whether it's a pandemic , a natural disaster or a manmade crisis , these numbers spike astronomically higher. 当灾难降临时, 不论是疾病大流行、天灾或人为危机, 这些数字就会冲得更高。
My father, Fazle Abed , gave up a corporate career to establish BRAC here in Bangladesh in 1972. 我父亲法兹勒阿贝德 放弃了在企業的职涯, 于 1972 年在孟加拉成立了 孟加拉重整援助委员（ BRAC）。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) calamity:n.灾难;不幸事件; pandemic:adj.(疾病等)全国流行的;普遍的;n.流行性疾病; disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸; manmade:n.人工制品;合成品;adj.人造的(等于man-made); crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; spike:n.长钉,道钉;钉鞋;细高跟;vt.阻止;以大钉钉牢;用尖物刺穿; astronomically:adv.天文学上地;宇航学地;天体地; Abed:adv.在床上; corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; establish:v.创立;设立;建立;确立;使立足;查实;
Bangladesh was a wreck , having just gone through a devastating cyclone followed by a brutal war for independence . 孟加拉当时是一团糟, 才刚度过了破坏力极大的暴风, 接着又是残酷的独立战争。
Working with the poorest of the poor, my father realized that poverty was more than the lack of income and assets. 我父亲和穷人中的穷人接触之后, 了解到贫穷不只是缺乏收入和资产。
It was also a lack of hope. 也是缺乏希望。
People were trapped in poverty, because they felt their condition was immutable . 这些人被困在贫穷中, 因为他们觉得他们的状况 是永远不会改变的。
wreck:n.严重损毁人或物;沉船;v.破坏;损坏;毁掉;使遇难; devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) cyclone:n.旋风;[气象]气旋;飓风; brutal:adj.残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的; independence:n.独立;独立性;自恃心;独立不羁的精神; trapped:adj.受困的;受限制的;v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;(trap的过去分词和过去式) immutable:adj.不变的;不可变的;不能变的;
Poverty, to them, was like the sun and the moon -- something given to them by God. 对他们而言,贫穷就像太阳和月亮, 是神赋予他们的。
For poverty reduction programs to succeed, they would need to instill hope and self-worth so that, with a little support, people could lift themselves out of poverty. 要让减贫计画能够成功, 会需要逐渐将希望 与自我价值灌输给穷人, 这么一来,只要轻拉一把, 穷人就能够靠自己脱离贫穷。
BRAC went on to pioneer the graduation approach , a solution to ultra-poverty that addresses both income poverty and the poverty of hope. BRAC 首先推出「从贫穷毕業计画」, 这是针对极度贫穷的解决方案, 同時解決低收入導致的貧窮, 以及希望的破產。
The approach works primarily with women, because women are the most affected by ultra-poverty but also the ones most likely to pull themselves and their families out of it. 这个方法的对象主要是女性, 因为女性受到极度贫穷的影响最大, 却同时也是最有机会 让她们自己与家人脱离贫穷的人。
reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; instill:vt.徐徐滴入;逐渐灌输; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答; primarily:adv.首先;主要地,根本上;
Over a two-year period, we essentially do four things. 在两年的期间, 我们基本上会做四件事。
One, we meet a woman's basic needs by giving her food or cash, ensuring the minimum to survive. 一、我们会提供食物或现金给女性, 满足她的基本需求, 确保能达到生存的最低标准。
Two, we move her towards a decent livelihood by giving her an asset, like livestock, and training her to earn money from it. 二、我们协助她们有正当的谋生能力。 做法是提供她资产,如家畜, 并训练她利用这些来赚钱。
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词); minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的; decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的; livelihood:n.生计,生活;营生;
Three, we train her to save, budget and invest her new wealth . 三、我们训练她存钱、做预算 并将她的存下的财富拿来做投资。
And four, we help to integrate her socially, first into groups of women like her and then into her community. 四、我们协助她融入社会。 首先融入和她类似的女性团体, 接着融入她的社区。
Each of these elements is key to the success of the others, but the real magic is the hope and sense of possibility the women develop through the close mentorship they receive. 上述的每一点 都是其他各点成功的关键。 但真正神奇的地方 在于她们在接受密切指导的过程中 所感受到的希望和可能性,
budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; integrate:v.成为一体;(使)加入;adj.完全的; elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) mentorship:n.导师制,辅导教师;师徒制;
Let me tell you about Jorina. 让我跟大家说说乔琳娜的故事。
Jorina was born in a remote village in northern Bangladesh. 乔琳娜出生在孟加拉北部的偏远村落。
She never went to school, and at the age of 15, she was married off to an abusive husband. 她从来没有上过学。 十五岁时,她被嫁给 一个会施暴的丈夫。
He eventually abandoned her, leaving her with no income and two children who were not in school and were severely malnourished . 最终,他抛弃了她。 她没有任何收入,还带着两个孩子, 孩子都沒去上學且嚴重營養不良。
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的; abusive:adj.辱骂的;滥用的;虐待的; eventually:adv.最后,终于; abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式) severely:adv.严重地;严格地,严厉地;纯朴地; malnourished:adj.营养不良的;营养失调的;
With no one to turn to for help, she had no hope. 她求助无门, 完全不抱希望。
Jorina joined BRAC's Graduation program in 2005. 乔琳娜在 2005 年加入了 BRAC「从贫穷毕業计画」。
She received a dollar a week, two cows, enterprise training and a weekly visit from a mentor. 她每周能领一块美金, 另外也拿到两头牛,并接受企業训练, 且指导员每周会拜访她一次。
She began to build her assets, but most importantly, she began to imagine a better future for herself and her children. 她开始累积她的资产, 但最重要的是, 她开始为她自己及她的孩子 想像一个更好的未来。
If you were visit Jorina's village today, you would find that she runs the largest general store in her area. 如果今天你去造访乔琳娜的村落, 你会看到她在经营 该区域中最大的杂货店。
She will proudly show you the land she bought and the house she built. 她会很骄傲地带你去看她买下的土地 及她建造的房子。
Since we began this program in 2002, two million Bangladeshi women have lifted themselves and their families out of ultra-poverty. 自从 2002 年我们 推出这个计画之后, 有两百万名孟加拉女子 带着她们自己及家人 脱离极度贫穷的处境。
general store:n.(尤指小城镇或乡村的)杂货店; proudly:傲慢地
That's almost nine million people. 共有近九百万人受惠。
The program, which costs 500 dollars per household , runs for only two years, but the impact goes well beyond that. 这个计画的花费是每户五百美金, 为期只有两年, 但影响力却更为久远。
Researchers at the London School of Economics found that even seven years after entering the program, 92 percent of participants had maintained or increased their income, assets and consumption . 伦敦经济学院的研究者发现, 在加入计画之后七年, 92% 的参与者仍然维持或提升了 她们的收入、资产和消费。
household:n.家庭;一家人;同住一所(或一套)房子的人;adj.家庭的;家常的;王室的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); maintained:v.维持;维修;保养;固执己见;(maintain的过去式和过去分词) consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨;
Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee, the MIT economists who won the Nobel Prize last year, led multicountry evaluations that identified graduation as one of the most effective ways to break the poverty trap . 埃丝特杜芙洛和阿比吉特巴纳吉 是去年赢得诺贝尔奖的 两位麻省理工学院经济学家, 他们进行了多国的评估, 评定毕業方案是能够打破 贫穷陷阱的最有效方法之一。
But my father wasn't content to have found a solution that worked for some people. 我父亲找到了对一些人 行得通的解决方案,但他並不因此滿足。
He always wanted to know whether we were being ambitious enough in terms of scale . 他一直想知道,我們在規模上的野心是否夠大。
Nobel Prize:n.诺贝尔奖; evaluations:n.[审计]评估(evaluation的复数); identified:v.确认;认出;找到;发现;说明身份;(identify的过去式和过去分词) effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; poverty trap:n.贫困的牢笼(即使找到工作也依旧贫困,因为政府补贴相应减少); content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足; ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
So when we achieved nationwide scale in Bangladesh, he wanted to know how we could scale it globally. 所以当我们在孟加拉 做到全国规模时, 他想要知道我们如何 能将规模扩大到全球。
And that has to involve governments. 那就要涉及政府了。
Governments already dedicate billions of dollars on poverty reduction programs. 全球的政府已在减贫计画上 投入了数十亿美金,
But so much of that money is wasted, because these programs either don't reach the poorest, and even the ones that do fail to have significant long-term impact. 但那些钱大部分都浪费掉了, 因为这些计画若不是 无法接触到最贫穷的人, 就是接触到却无法产生 显着的长期影响。
involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加; dedicate:vt.致力;献身;题献; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
We are working to engage governments to help them to adopt and scale graduation programs themselves, maximizing the impact of the billions of dollars they already allocate to fight ultra-poverty. 我们正在努力结合各国政府, 协助他们自己采用 从贫穷毕業计画并将规模扩大, 将他们已经提拨来 对抗极端贫穷的数十亿美金 發揮出最大效用。
Our plan is to help another 21 million people lift themselves out of ultra-poverty in eight countries over the next six years with BRAC teams on-site and embedded in each country. 我们的计画是要协助 另外两千一百万人 自己脱离极度贫穷, 我们会在接下来六年 于八个国家中进行, BRAC 团队会到各国的现场去协助。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; adopt:v.采取;接受;收养;正式通过; maximizing:n.最大化;达到极大值;v.使…最大化;取…最大值(maximize的ing形式); allocate:vt.分配;拨出;使坐落于;vi.分配;指定; on-site:adj.现场的; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
In July of 2019, my father was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer and given four months to live. 2019 年 7 月, 只剩下四个月可以活。
As he transitioned out of BRAC after leading the organization for 47 years, he reminded us that throughout his life, he saw optimism triumph over despair , 他领导了 BRAC 四十七年, 当他要离开这个组织时, 他提醒我们,在他一生中, 他见过乐观击败绝望,
that when you light the spark of self-belief in people, even the poorest can transform their lives. 当你点燃了人们心中的自信火花, 就算是最贫穷的人 也可能转变他们的生活。
diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; transitioned:v.过渡;转变;变迁;(transition的过去式和过去分词) organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; optimism:n.乐观;乐观主义; triumph:v.战胜;成功;打败;n.巨大成功;重大成就;伟大胜利;喜悦; despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望; spark:n.火花;电火花;火星;活力;v.引发;触发;冒火花;飞火星; self-belief:自我信念; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
My father passed away in December. 我父亲在十二月过世。
He lit that spark for millions of people, and in the final days of his life, he implored us to continue to do so for millions more. 他点燃了数百万人心中的火花, 在他人生最后的日子里, 他恳求我们持续努力, 再去协助几百万人。
This opportunity is ours for the taking, so let's stop imagining a world without ultra-poverty and start building that world together. 这个机会在等着我们去抓住, 所以我们别再想像 一个没有极度贫穷的世界了, 开始一起动手建造这个世界吧。
Thank you. 谢谢。
implored:vt.恳求或乞求;vi.恳求或乞求;