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ShaiReshef_2014-_超低成本的大学学位_
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| I would like to share with you a new model of higher education , a model that, once expanded , can enhance the collective intelligence of millions of creative and motivated individuals that otherwise would be left behind. |
我想和你们分享 一种全新的高等教育模式 这一模式一旦发展起来 能提升数以百万计的有创造力 而没有这一模式的话他们可能被甩在后面 |
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higher education:高等教育(指含大学以上的教育); expanded:adj.扩充的;展开的;vt.扩大(expand的过去式); enhance:v.提高;增强;增进; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; creative:adj.创造性的; motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
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| Look at the world. |
看看这个世界 |
| Pick up a place and focus on it. |
任选一个地方并聚焦于此 |
| You will find humans chasing higher education. |
你会发现人们正在追寻高等教育 |
| Let's meet some of them. |
让我们来认识其中的一些人 |
| Patrick. |
派屈克 |
| Patrick was born in Liberia to a family of 20 children. |
派屈克出生于赖比瑞亚 一个有20个孩子的家庭 |
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Liberia:n.利比里亚(西非国家);
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| During the civil war, he and his family were forced to flee to Nigeria. |
在内战期间 他和他的家庭 被迫逃离去奈及利亚 |
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civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; flee:v.逃走;迅速离开;逃避,逃跑
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| There, in spite of his situation, he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades. |
在那里 尽管处境恶劣 他依然以近乎满分的成绩高中毕業 |
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in spite of:尽管;不管,不顾;
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| He wanted to continue to higher education, but due to his family living on the poverty line , he was soon sent to South Africa to work and send back money to feed his family. |
他想要继续接受高等教育 但是由于他的家庭 生活在贫困线上 他不久后被送至南非工作 寄钱回家 供养他的家人 |
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poverty line:n.贫困线(政府规定维持最低生活水平所需的收入标准);
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| Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education. |
派屈克从未放弃他的高等教育之梦 |
| Late at night, after work, he surfed the Net looking for ways to study. |
结束工作后的深夜里 他在网路上寻找各种途径来学习 |
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surfed:n.海浪,拍岸浪;vt.在…冲浪;vi.作冲浪运动;
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| Meet Debbie. |
来认识一下黛比 |
| Debbie is from Florida. |
黛比来自佛罗里达 |
| Her parents didn't go to college, and neither did any of her siblings . |
她的父母没有上过大学 她的兄弟姐妹也都没有 |
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siblings:n.兄;弟;姐;妹;(sibling的复数)
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| Debbie has worked all her life, pays taxes, supports herself month to month, proud of the American dream , a dream that just won't be complete without higher education. |
黛比生活的全部就是工作 缴税 每月维持自己的生计 以美国梦为榮 但是没有高等教育的话 这个梦并不完整 |
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American dream:n.美国梦(美国人传统的价值观和社会标准,如民主、权利平等和财富);
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| But Debbie doesn't have the savings for higher education. |
但是黛比没有足够的积蓄 来负担高等教育 |
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savings:n.节省物;节省;节约;储蓄金;存款;(saving的复数)
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| She can't pay the tuition . |
她付不起学费 |
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tuition:n.指导;(尤指大专院校的)学费;
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| Neither could she leave work. |
她也不能抛开工作 |
| Meet Wael. |
来认识一下瓦伊尔 |
| Wael is from Syria . |
瓦伊尔来自叙利亚 |
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Syria:n.叙利亚共和国;
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| He's firsthand experiencing the misery , fear and failure imposed on his country. |
他正亲身感受着 他的国家所遭受的 痛苦 恐惧和失败 |
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firsthand:adj.直接的;直接采购的;直接得来的;adv.直接地; misery:n.痛苦,悲惨;不幸;苦恼;穷困; imposed:adj.强加的;施加的;应用的;v.欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于;
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| He's a big believer in education. |
他是教育的忠实信徒 |
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believer:n.信徒;相信的人;
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| He knew that if he would find an opportunity for higher education, an opportunity to get ahead of the rest, he has a better chance to survive in a world turned upside down . |
他知道 如果他能找到 接受高等教育的机会 一个能超过别人的机会 他就更有可能 在一个顛倒混乱的世界里生存下来 |
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get ahead of:v.胜过; upside down:adj.颠倒的;乱七八糟的;
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| The higher education system failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael, exactly as it is failing millions of potential students, millions that graduate high school, millions that are qualified for higher education, millions that want to study yet cannot access for various reasons. |
高等教育体系 辜负了派屈克 黛比和瓦伊尔 正如它也辜负了 数百万的潜在学生—— 数百万的高中毕業生 数百万有资格接受高等教育的学生 数百万学生想要学习 却因为各种原因无法实现 |
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potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; qualified:adj.有资格的; v.合格; (qualify的过去分词和过去式)
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| First, financial . |
首先 经济上的原因 |
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financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
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| Universities are expensive. We all know it. |
大学是昂贵的 我们都知道这一点 |
| In large parts of the world, higher education is unattainable for an average citizen. |
在世界上的很多地方 对于普通民衆来说 高等教育无法企及 |
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unattainable:adj.做不到的;难到达的;
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| This is probably the biggest problem facing our society. |
这个可能是我们社会 所面临的最大问题 |
| Higher education stopped being a right for all and became a privilege for the few. |
高等教育不再是所有人的权利 而是成为一种少数人的特权 |
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privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
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| Second, cultural . |
第二 文化上的原因 |
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cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的;
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| Students who are qualified for higher education, can afford , want to study, cannot because it is not decent , it is not a place for a woman. |
合格的 能负担得起的 想要学习的学生 却无法得到高等教育 因为它不得体 它不是女人可以去的地方 |
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afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; decent:adj.正派的;得体的;相当好的;
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| This is the story of countless women in Africa, for example, prevented from higher education because of cultural barriers . |
比如 在非洲 无数的女性 由于文化上的阻隔 而无法得到高等教育 |
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countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的; barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式);
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| And here comes the third reason: |
第三条原因: |
| UNESCO stated that in 2025, 100 million students will be deprived from higher education simply because there will not be enough seats to accommodate them, to meet the demand. |
联合国教科文组织声明 到2025年 将有1亿学生 被剥夺高等教育的机会 仅仅是因为没有那麽多的座位 来容纳他们 来满足需求 |
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deprived:adj.缺少食物的;缺乏足够教育的; accommodate:vt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解;vi.适应;调解;
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| They will take a placement test , they will pass it, but they still won't have access because there are no places available. |
他们会参加程度测验 他们会通过测验 但是他们仍无法得到教育 因为无处可去 |
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placement test:n.分级考试;
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| These are the reasons |
由于这些的原因 |
| I founded University of the People, a nonprofit , tuition-free, degree-granting university to give an alternative , to create an alternative to those who have no other, an alternative that will be affordable and scalable, an alternative that will disrupt the current ed ucation sy stem, open th e gates to higher education for every qualified student regardl ess of what they earn, where they live, or what society says about them. |
一所非盈利性的 免学费的 授予学位的大学 它提供了另一种选择 为那些没有其它选择的人创造了一种选择 一种价格合理的选择 一种可扩展的选择 一种打破 现行的教育体系的选择 为每一位合格的学生 打开高等教育的大门 不论他们的收入不论他们身处何处 不论社会如何议论他们 |
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nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
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| Patrick, Debbie and Wael are only three examples out of the 1,700 accepted students from 143 countries. |
派屈克 黛比和瓦伊尔 只是来自143个国家的 1700位被录取的学生中 的三个例子 |
| We didn't need to reinvent the wheel . |
我们不需要重新发明轮子 |
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reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现; wheel:车轮,转动
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| We just looked at what wasn't working and used the amazing power of the Internet to get around it. |
我们只是看到那些有问题的地方 并使用网际网路的神奇力量 来绕开问题 |
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get around:到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局面;
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| We set out to build a model that will cut down almost entirely the cost of higher education, and that's how we did it. |
我们着手建立一种模式 它将削减掉 高等教育的绝大部分成本 我们是这样做到的 |
| First, bricks and mortar cost money. |
首先 大楼需要花钱 |
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mortar:n.迫击炮;臼,研钵;灰浆;vt.用灰泥涂抹,用灰泥结合;
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| Universities have expenses that virtual universities don't. |
大学有很多的开销 是虚拟大学所没有的 |
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expenses:n.费用;价钱;开销;开支;花费;(expense的复数) virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认);
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| We don't need to pass these expenses onto our students. |
我们不需要将这些开销 转移到我们的学生头上 |
| They don't exist. |
这些开销不存在 |
| We also don't need to worry about capacity . |
我们也不需要担心可容纳的人数 |
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capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
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| There are no limits of seats in virtual university. |
在虚拟大学里 没有座位数的限制 |
| Actually, nobody needs to stand at the back of the lecture hall. |
事实上 没人需要 站在讲堂的后面 |
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lecture:n.演讲;讲座;讲课;谴责;v.开讲座;讲授;讲课;指责;告诫
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| Textbooks is also something our students don't need to buy. |
我们的学生 也不需要购买课本 |
| By using open educational resources and the generosity of professors who are putting their material free and accessible , we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks. |
使用开放的教学资源 以及教授们的慷慨馈赠 很多教授把他们的教学材料 免费公开 不需要让我们的学生去购买课本 |
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educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的 resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量; accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
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| All of our materials come free. |
我们所有的材料都是免费的 |
| Even professors, the most expensive line in any university balance sheet , come free to our students, over 3,000 of them, including presidents, vice chancellors , professors and academic advisors from top universities such as NYU, |
甚至是教授 任何大学的收支表上最昂贵的一项 也对我们的学生免费 我们有超过3000位教师 包括校长 副校长 教授和学术导师 他们来自顶尖的大学比如纽约大学 |
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balance sheet:资产负债表; vice:n.恶习;缺点;[机]老虎钳;卖淫;prep.代替;v.钳住;adj.副的;代替的; chancellors:大臣;校长;总理(chancellor的复数); academic:adj.学术的;理论的;学院的;n.大学生,大学教师;学者; advisors:n.顾问,指导教授,劝告者(advisor的复数形式);
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| Yale, Berkeley and Oxford, came on board to help our students. |
耶鲁大学 加州大学柏克莱分校 牛津大学 来幫助我们的学生 |
| Finally , it's our belief in peer-to-peer learning. |
最后 是我们对于点对点学习的信念 |
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Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; peer-to-peer:n.对等;对等网络;
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| We use this sound pedagogical model to encourage our students from all over the world to interact and study together and also to reduce the time our professors need to labor over class assignments . |
我们使用这个可靠的教学模式 来鼓励我们来自世界各地的学生 一起互动并共同学习 这同时也缩短了教授们 需要花在课堂作業上的时间 |
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pedagogical:adj.教育学的;教学法的; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; assignments:n.作业;分配;(assignment的复数形式)
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| If the Internet has made us a global village , this model can develop its future leadership. |
如果说网际网路把我们变成了一个地球村 这一模式能培养其未来的领导力量 |
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global village:n.地球村(指整个世界作为一个由电子通信系统连接的单一集体);
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| Look how we do it. |
看看我们如何做到这一点 |
| We only offer two programs: business administration and computer science , the two programs that are most in demand worldwide , the two programs that are likeliest to help our students find a job. |
我们只提供了两种课程: 商業管理和计算机科学 这两个项目 是世界上需求最广的 这两个项目最有可能 幫助我们的学生找到工作 |
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business administration:企业管理;经营管理; computer science:n.计算机科学; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
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| When our students are accepted, they are placed in a small classroom of 20 to 30 students to ensure that those who need personalized attention get it. |
当我们的学生被录取后 他们被安排到 由20至30人组成的小班 来保证有个性化需求的学生能得到相应的关注 |
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ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全; personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式)
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| Moreover , for every nine weeks' course, they meet a new peer, a whole new set of students from all over the world. |
此外 每九周的课程 他们会认识一个新的同伴 一组来自世界各地的 全新的同学 |
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Moreover:adv.而且;此外;
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| Every week, when they go into the classroom, they find the lecture notes of the week, the reading assignment, the homework assignment, and the discussion question, which is the core of our studies. |
每周 当他们进入课堂 他们会找到本周的课程笔记 阅读任务 课外作業 以及讨论问题—— 这是我们学习的核心 |
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core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核;
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| Every week, every student must contribute to the class discussion and also must comment on the contribution of others. |
每周末,每位学生 都必须为课堂讨论做出贡献 同时也必须对其它人的贡献 做出评论 |
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contribute to:有助于;捐献; comment on:对…评论; contribution:n.捐款;捐资;定期缴款;贡献;促成作用;稿件;
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| This way, we open our students' minds, we develop a positive shift in attitude toward different cultures. |
通过这样的方法我们开阔了学生的思维 我们发展了一种正面积极的态度 来对待不同的文化 |
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positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
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| By the end of each week, the students take a quiz , hand in their homework, which are assessed by their peers under the supervision of the instructors , get a grade, move to the next week. |
每周结束的时候 学生们参加一个测验 提交他们的课外作業 作業会在教师的监督下 由同学互相评估 得到成绩 然后继续下一周的学习 |
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quiz:n.小测验;知识竞赛;v.盘问;查问;询问; assessed:v.对…进行评估(assess过去时形式); peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式); supervision:n.监督,管理; instructors:n.教练;讲师;指导书(instructor的复数);
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| By the end of the course, they take the final exam, get a grade, and follow to the next course. |
在课程的末尾 他们参加期末考试 得到成绩 然后转到下一个课程 |
| We opened the gates for higher education for every qualified student. |
我们为每一个合格的学生 打开了高等教育的大门 |
| Every student with a high school diploma , sufficient English and Internet connection can study with us. |
每个学生 只要有高中文凭 足够的英语能力和网路连接 就可以和我们一起学习 |
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high school diploma:高中文凭; sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的;
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| We don't use audio . We don't use video. |
我们不使用音频和影片 |
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audio:adj.声音的;录音的;
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| Broadband is not necessary. |
宽带网络不是必须的 |
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Broadband:n.宽频;宽波段;adj.宽频带的;宽波段的;宽频通讯的;
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| Any student from any part of the world with any Internet connection can study with us. |
来自世界任何一个地方的任何一个学生 只要能连接到网路 就可以和我们一起学习 |
| We are tuition-free. |
我们没有学费 |
| All we ask our students to cover is the cost of their exams, 100 dollars per exam. |
我们的学生只需要负担 考试的成本 每门考试100美元 |
| A full-time bachelor degree student taking 40 courses, will pay 1,000 dollars a year, 4,000 dollars for the entire degree, and for those who cannot afford even this, we offer them a variety of scholarships . |
一个全日制本科学位的学生 选修40门课 每年将支付1000美元 整个学位需要4000美元 对于连这些也无法负担的学生 我们提供了各种类型的奖学金 |
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full-time:adj.专职的;全日制的;全部时间的; bachelor:n.学士;单身汉;(尚未交配的)小雄兽; variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; scholarships:n.奖学金;学问;学术;学术研究;(scholarship的复数)
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| It is our mission that nobody will be left behind for financial reasons. |
没有人会因为经济上的原因而被抛下 这是我们的使命 |
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mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
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| With 5,000 students in 2016, this model is financially sustainable . |
到2016年 随着5000名学生 这一模式在经济上是可持续的 |
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financially:adv.财政上;金融上; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
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| Five years ago, it was a vision. |
五年前这还是一个幻象 |
| Today, it is a reality. |
而今它成为了现实 |
| Last month, we got the ultimate academic endorsement to our model. |
上个月 我们的模式 得到了学术界的最终认可 |
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ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; endorsement:n.赞同,支持,认可;宣传,代言;违章记录;
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| University of the People is now fully accredited . |
人民大学现在已完全通过认证 |
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accredited:adj.官方认可的; v.把…归于; (accredit的过去分词和过去式)
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Thank you. |
谢谢 |
| With this accreditation , it's our time now to scale up. |
有了这一认证 现在到了我们扩张的时候 |
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accreditation:n.委派;信赖;鉴定合格; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
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| We have demonstrated that our model works. |
我们已经展示了我们的模式是可行的 |
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demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式)
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| I invite universities and, even more important, developing countries' governments, to replicate this model to ensure that the gates of higher education will open widely. |
我邀请大学 更重要的是 发展中国家的政府 来复制这一模式 来保证高等教育的大门 将一直敞开 |
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replicate:vt.复制; vi.重复; adj.复制的; n.复制品;
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| A new era is coming, an era that will witness the disruption of the higher education model as we know it today, from being a privilege for the few to becoming a basic right, affordable and accessible for all. |
一个新的时代来临了 这个时代将会见证 我们今天所知的高等教育模式 的瓦解 从一种少数人的特权 变为一种基本权利 所有人都可以承担 可以获得 |
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witness:n.证人;目击者;证据;v.目击;证明;为…作证; disruption:n.破坏,毁坏;分裂,瓦解;
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| Thank you. |
谢谢 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |