返回首页

SebastianKraves_2016S-_个人基因分析的时代已经到来_
Imagine that you're a pig farmer. 想像一下你是一个养猪人,
You live on a small farm in the Philippines . 你住在菲律宾的一个小农场。
Philippines:n.菲律宾;
Your animals are your family's sole source of income -- as long as they're healthy. 你的动物是你家庭的主要收入来源, 只要它们保持健康。
sole:n.鞋底; adj.仅有的; v.给(鞋)换底; source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然;
You know that any day, one of your pigs can catch the flu, the swine flu. 你知道总会有一天, 其中一只猪会得禽流感, 猪流感。
swine:n.猪;卑贱的人;
Living in tight quarters, one pig coughing and sneezing may soon lead to the next pig coughing and sneezing, until an outbreak of swine flu has taken over your farm. 它们住在狭小的住所里,一只猪咳嗽和打噴嚏, 迟早会造成下一只猪咳嗽和打噴嚏, 直达猪流感爆发,占领农场。
sneezing:n.打喷嚏;v.打喷嚏(sneeze的ing形式); outbreak:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发;
If it's a bad enough virus, the health of your herd may be gone in the blink of an eye . 如果是一个很严重的病毒, 你猪群的健康可能就在眨眼间灰飞烟灭。
herd:n.兽群,畜群;放牧人;vi.成群,聚在一起;vt.放牧;使成群; in the blink of an eye:熄灭;在一瞬间;眨眼之间;眨眼间;一眨眼间;
If you called in a veterinarian , he or she would visit your farm and take samples from your pigs' noses and mouths. 如果你联系一个兽医, 他或她可能会造访你的农场, 并从猪的鼻子和口腔中采集样本,
veterinarian:n.[兽医]兽医;
But then they would have to drive back into the city to test those samples in their central lab. 但是接下来,他们需要开车回城市, 在他们的大型实验室中测试样本,
drive back:击退;驱车返回;
Two weeks later, you'd hear back the results. 两周后,你会得到结果,
Two weeks may be just enough time for infection to spread and take away your way of life. 两周时间可能足够疾病传染, 并夺走你赖以为生的东西。
infection:n.感染;传染;(身体某部位的)感染;传染病;
But it doesn't have to be that way. 但是事情并不一定会发展成那样,
Today, farmers can take those samples themselves. 现在,农场主们可以自己采集样本,
They can jump right into the pen and swab their pigs' noses and mouths with a little filter paper, place that little filter paper in a tiny tube, and mix it with some chemicals that will extract genetic material from their pigs' noses and mouths. 他们可以直接用笔和一张小滤纸,擦猪的鼻子和口腔, 把滤纸放在一个试管内, 并加入一些能够提取他们猪的鼻子和口腔基因的化学材料,
swab:n.药签,[外科]拭子; vt.打扫,擦拭; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹; genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的;
And without leaving their farms, they take a drop of that genetic material and put it into a little analyzer smaller than a shoebox , program it to detect DNA or RNA from the swine flu virus, and within one hour get back the results, visualize the results. 并且不需要离开农场, 取一滴基因材料, 放入一个比鞋盒还小的分析器内, 设置并探测猪流感病毒内的DNA和RNA, 一小时之内就可取得结果,可视化的结果。
analyzer:n.[计]分析器;分析者;检偏镜; shoebox:n.鞋盒;adj.(建筑物)鞋盒似的; detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测; visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
This reality is possible because today we're living in the era of personal DNA technology . 这一切是可能的, 因为我们活在一个个人DNA技术的时代。
era:n.新时期;纪元;年代;新时代; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Every one of us can actually test DNA ourselves. 每一个人都可以檢测自己的DNA。
DNA is the fundamental molecule the carries genetic instructions that help build the living world. DNA是携带遗传信息结构的基本分子, 它幫助我们建造这个生机勃勃的世界。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; molecule:n.[化学]分子;微小颗粒,微粒;
Humans have DNA. 人类有DNA。
Pigs have DNA. 猪有DNA。
Even bacteria and some viruses have DNA too. 甚至细菌和一些病毒都有DNA。
bacteria:n.[微]细菌;
The genetic instructions encoded in DNA inform how our bodies develop,grow, function. DNA携带的遗传信息结构告诉我们我们会怎样进化,成长,运作。
encoded:adj.[计]编码的;v.把…编码(encode的过去分词); inform:v.通知;告诉;报告;告发;告密;
And in many cases, that same information can trigger disease . 在很多情况下,一样的遗传信息会造厂疾病。
trigger:n.触发器; v.触发; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
Your genetic information is strung into a long and twisted molecule, the DNA double helix , that has over three billion letters,beginning to end. 你的基因信息 被串在一个长条的旋转的分子中,DNA双螺旋结构。 从头到尾,有超过30亿个字母。
strung:v.捆扎,系上(string的过去式和过去分词);收紧; twisted:adj.扭曲的; v.使弯曲,使扭曲; (twist的过去分词和过去式) double helix:双螺旋;
But the lines that carry meaningful information are usually very short -- a few dozen to several thousand letters long. 但是携带有意义信息的片段 通常其实很短—— 几十到几千个字母那么长。
meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
So when we're looking to answer a question based on DNA, we actually don't need to read all those three billion letters, typically . 所以当我们需要根据DNA来解决一个问题的时候, 我们并不需要阅读 所有30亿个字母。
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
That would be like getting hungry at night and having to flip through the whole phone book from cover to cover, pausing at every line, just to find the nearest pizza joint . 这就像是在晚上感觉到饥饿, 要翻遍整本电话簿, 从头到尾, 查看每一行, 只为了找到最近的披萨店。
flip:n.浏览;空翻;轻抛;捻掷;v.迅速翻动;按(开关);按(按钮);开(或关)(机器等); phone book:na.电话簿; joint:n.关节; adj.共同的; v.连接,贴合;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Luckily, three decades ago, humans started to invent tools that can find any specific line of genetic information. 幸运的是,三十年前, 人类开始研究能够追踪特定遗传信息片段的工具,
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
These DNA machines are wonderful. 这些DNA机器棒极了。
They can find any line in DNA. 它们可以找到任何DNA的片段。
But once they find it, that DNA is still tiny, and surrounded by so much other DNA, that what these machines then do is copy the target gene, and one copy piles on top of another, millions and millions and millions of copies, until that gene stands out against the rest; until we can visualize it, interpret it, read it, understand it, until we can answer: 但是一旦找到了片段, 微小的DNA依旧被无数其他DNA环绕着, 及其接下来做的,就是复制目标基因片段, 一段复制基因堆在另一段复制基因上, 它会复制上百万份基因, 直到目标基因从中脱颖而出, 直到我们能够把它可视化, 能够翻译它,读取它,理解它, 直到我们能够回答,
piles:n.痔疮;痔; interpret:v.诠释;说明;口译;把…理解为;
Does my pig have the flu? 我的猪得流感了吗？
Or other questions buried in our own DNA: 或则其他埋藏在我们基因里的问题,
Am I at risk of cancer ? 我有患癌风险吗？
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
Am I of Irish descent ? 我有爱尔兰血统吗?
descent:n.下降;血统;袭击;vt.除去…的气味;使…失去香味;
Is that child my son? 那是我的儿子吗？
(Laughter) （笑声）
This ability to make copies of DNA, as simple as it sounds, has transformed our world. 这种复制基因能力就和它听起来一样简单, 这已经改变了我们的世界。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式)
Scientists use it every day to detect and address disease, to create innovative medicines, to modify foods, to assess whether our food is safe to eat or whether it's contaminated with deadly bacteria. 科学家每天都在使用这个技术,发现并解决疾病, 研发创新药物, 改变食物, 评估我们的食物是否安全, 或者是否被致命细菌污染,
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; modify:vt.修改,修饰;更改;vi.修改; assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税; contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式) deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
Even judges use the output of these machines in court to decide whether someone is innocent or guilty based on DNA evidence . 甚至法官都会在法庭上使用这些机器的测验结果, 根据DNA证物,来判断谁是清白或有罪的。
output:n.(人、机器、机构的)产量;输出;输出功率;输出量;v.输出; innocent:adj.无辜的;无罪的;无知的;n.天真的人;笨蛋; guilty:adj.有罪的;内疚的; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
The inventor of this DNA-copying technique was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993. 基因复制技术的发明者 1993年获得了化学诺贝尔奖。
technique:n.技巧,技术;手法; Nobel Prize:n.诺贝尔奖;
But for 30 years, the power of genetic analysis has been confined to the ivory tower , or bigwig PhD scientist work. 但是30年里, 基因分析的能力一直被限制, 被有能力的博士科学家限制。
analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; confined:adj.狭窄的; v.限制(confine的过去式和过去分词); ivory tower:n.象牙塔(指远离问题、脱离现实的小天地); bigwig:n.权贵之人;有重大影响的人;
Well, several companies around the world are working on making this same technology accessible to everyday people like the pig farmer, like you. 但是,世界上的一些公司, 正在研究如何让这些技术 普及到像养猪人一样的普通民众中, 比如说你们。
accessible:adj.易接近的;可进入的;可理解的;
I cofounded one of these companies. 我和别人成立了其中一家公司,
Three years ago, together with a fellow biologist and friend of mine, 三年前, 我和一个生物学家也是我的朋友,
biologist:n.生物学家;
Zeke Alvarez Saavedra, we decided to make personal DNA machines that anyone could use. 齐克·阿尔瓦雷斯·萨维德拉, 我们决定研究每个人都可以使用的个人基因机器,
Our goal was to bring DNA science to more people in new places. 我们的目标是把个人基因技术带给更多人和地方。
We started working in our basements. 我们在地下室里开始工作。
We had a simple question: 我们有一个很简单的问题:
What could the world look like if everyone could analyze DNA? 如果每个人都能够分析基因, 这个世界会变成什么样？
We were curious , as curious as you would have been if I had shown you this picture in 1980. 我们很好奇, 就跟我在1980给你们展示这张照片一样,
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
You would have thought, "Wow! 你会想 “哇,
I can now call my Aunt Glenda from the car and wish her a happy birthday. 我现在可以从车上给格兰达姑姑打电话了, 并祝她生日快乐。
I can call anyone, anytime. 我可以随时给任何人打电话,
This is the future!" 这就是未来！“
Little did you know, you would tap on that phone to make dinner reservations for you and Aunt Glenda to celebrate together. 你们不知道的是, 你可以点击手机预定晚餐位置, 让你和格兰达姑姑能够一起庆祝。
reservations:n.保留;预定(reservation的复数形式);
With another tap, you'd be ordering her gift. 再点击一下,你就能够给祂订购礼物。
And yet one more tap, and you'd be "liking" Auntie Glenda on Facebook. 再点击一下, 你就能在格兰达姑姑的脸书上点赞。
Auntie:n.伯母;阿姨;姑妈;姨妈;舅妈(aunt的昵称);
And all of this, while sitting on the toilet. 这一切,都可以坐在马桶上完成。
(Laughter) （笑声）
It is notoriously hard to predict where new technology might take us. 预测未来科技的发展方向是出了名的难,
notoriously:adv.众所周知地;声名狼藉地;恶名昭彰地; predict:v.预报;预言;预告;
And the same is true for personal DNA technology today. 现在的个人基因技术也是一样。
For example, I could never have imagined that a truffle farmer, of all people, would use personal DNA machines. 比如说,我从来不会想到 一个普普通通的松露养殖者, 能够使用个人基因机器。
truffle:n.[植]松露;块菌;松露巧克力糖;
Dr. Paul Thomas grows truffles for a living. 保罗托马斯博士以种植松露卫生。
truffles:n.[植]松露;块菌(truffle的复数形式);
We see him pictured here, holding the first UK-cultivated truffle in his hands, on one of his farms. 我们看他的照片, 手上抓着他农场之一种植的第一个英国产的松露,
Truffles are this delicacy that stems from a fungus growing on the roots of living trees. 松露是这么美味, 因为它是生长在树上的真菌的茎,
delicacy:n.美味;佳肴;微妙;精密;精美;敏锐,敏感;世故,圆滑; stems:n.花草的茎或梗; v.阻止; (stem的第三人称单数和复数) fungus:n.真菌,霉菌;菌类;
And it's a rare fungus. 而且还是稀有真菌。
Some species may fetch 3,000, 7,000, or more dollars per kilogram. 一些品种能够到每千克3000,7000,甚至更多美金,
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
I learned from Paul that the stakes for a truffle farmer can be really high. 我从保罗那里学到, 当一个松露养殖者的赌注是很高的,
stakes:n.桩; v.以…打赌,拿…冒险;
When he sources new truffles to grow on his farms, he's exposed to the threat of knockoffs -- truffles that look and feel like the real thing, but they're of lower quality. 当他在农场中种植新的松露的时候, 他有可能会面临山寨货—— 看起来和摸起来像是松露. 但是它们质量都很低,
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式) knockoffs:n.名牌仿制品,冒牌服装;中止,敲落;
But even to a trained eye like Paul's, even when looked at under a microscope , these truffles can pass for authentic . 但是像保罗这样训练过的眼睛, 即使把它放在显微镜下观察, 它们也有可能蒙混过关,
microscope:n.显微镜; authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的;
So in order to grow the highest quality truffles, the ones that chefs all over the world will fight over, 所以为了种植最高质量的松露, 那种世界上的厨师会为之争夺的。
Paul has to use DNA analysis. 保罗需要用基因分析技术,
Isn't that mind-blowing ? 这不令人兴奋吗？
mind-blowing:adj.使兴奋的;引起幻觉的;
I bet you will never look at that black truffle risotto again without thinking of its genes . 我打赌下一次你看着一盘黑松露焗饭的时候, 一定会思考它的基因。
bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; risotto:n.意大利调味饭(一种米,洋葱,鸡肉等制作的米饭); genes:n.基因;(gene的复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
But personal DNA machines can also save human lives. 但是个人基因技术还可以拯救人类生命。
Professor Ian Goodfellow is a virologist at the University of Cambridge . 伊恩·古德费洛教授是剑桥大学的一个病毒学家,
virologist:n.滤过性病原体学者; Cambridge:n.剑桥(英国城市);坎布里奇(美国马萨诸塞州城市);
Last year he traveled to Sierra Leone . 去年,他去了塞拉利昂,
Sierra:n.(尤指西班牙和美洲的)锯齿状山脉; Leone:n.利昂(塞拉利昂货币单位);
When the Ebola outbreak broke out in Western Africa, he quickly realized that doctors there lacked the basic tools to detect and combat disease. 去年当埃博拉病毒在非洲西部爆发的时候, 他迅速的意识到那里的医生缺少基础探测和抵御病毒的工具。
Ebola:n.埃博拉病毒; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗;
Results could take up to a week to come back -- that's way too long for the patients and the families who are suffering. 探测结果可能要花一周时间才会反馈—— 这对于经受痛苦的病人和家人来说太久了,
patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
Ian decided to move his lab into Makeni, Sierra Leone. 伊恩决定把他的实验室搬到塞拉利昂的马克尼,
Here we see Ian Goodfellow moving over 10 tons of equipment into a pop-up tent that he would equip to detect and diagnose the virus and sequence it within 24 hours. 我们可以看到伊恩·古德费洛 搬运超过十吨重的设备到一个帐篷里, 他能够在24小时内组装并开始探测和诊断病毒 及其基因序列。
diagnose:vt.诊断;断定;vi.诊断;判断; sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
But here's a surprise: the same equipment that Ian could use at his lab in the UK to sequence and diagnose Ebola, just wouldn't work under these conditions. 但是,令人惊讶的是, 伊恩在他英国实验室能够使用的一样的设备, 用来排序和诊断埃博拉基因的机器, 在这个条件下却无法工作,
We're talking 35 Celsius heat and over 90 percent humidity here. 我说的可是35度的高温和91%的湿度。
Celsius:adj.摄氏的;n.摄氏度; humidity:n.[气象]湿度;湿气;
But instead, Ian could use personal DNA machines small enough to be placed in front of the air-conditioning unit to keep sequencing the virus and keep saving lives. 但是,伊恩可以使用个人基因机器, 小到能够放置在空调前面, 继续排列病毒基因, 继续拯救生命。
air-conditioning:n.空调系统;空气调节; sequencing:n.[计]排序; v.[计]定序(sequence的ing形式);
This may seem like an extreme place for DNA analysis, but let's move on to an even more extreme environment: outer space. 这可能看起来对于分析基因是一个很极端的环境, 但是让我们想想更极端的环境: 外太空。
extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中;
Let's talk about DNA analysis in space. 让我们来谈谈在外太空的基因分析。
When astronauts live aboard the International Space Station , they're orbiting the planet 250 miles high. 当宇航员们住在国际空间站的时候, 他们正在26500千米的高空,
aboard:adv.在飞机上;[船]在船上;在火车上;prep.在…上; Space Station:n.太空站;航天站;宇宙空间站; orbiting:v.[航][天]轨道运行;轨道运动;转圈(orbit的ing形式);
They're traveling at 17,000 miles per hour. 以27400千米每小时的速度环绕地球。
Picture that -- you're seeing 15 sunsets and sunrises every day. 想像一下, 每天,你还看见15次日出和日落,
sunsets:n.落日(sunset的复数); sunrises:n.[天]日出(sunrise的复数);
You're also living in microgravity , floating. 而且你住在微重力下, 漂浮着。
microgravity:n.[生理]微重力;
And under these conditions, our bodies can do funky things. 在这些情况下,我们的身体会做一些奇怪的反应,
funky:adj.时髦的;畏缩的;恶臭的;
One of these things is that our immune systems get suppressed , making astronauts more prone to infection. 其中的一件就是我们的免疫系统会被抑制, 让宇航员们更容易被感染。
immune:adj.免疫的;免于…的,免除的;n.免疫者;免除者; suppressed:adj.抑制的,发育不全的;v.镇压,禁止;(suppress的过去时和过去分词) prone:adj.俯卧的;有…倾向的,易于…的;
A 16-year-old girl, a high school student from New York, Anna-Sophia Boguraev, wondered whether changes to the DNA of astronauts could be related to this immune suppression , and through a science competition called "Genes In Space," 一个16岁的女孩, 一个来自纽约的高中生,安娜索菲亚 博古拉, 她想知道宇航员基因的变化 是否和免疫系统的抑制有关, 通过一个叫做“太空基因”的比赛,
suppression:n.抑制;镇压;[植]压抑; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
Anna-Sophia designed an experiment to test this hypothesis using a personal DNA machine aboard the International Space Station. 安娜索菲亚设计了一个实验来檢验这一个假说, 使用一个登上国际空间站的个人基因机器。
hypothesis:n.假设;
Here we see Anna-Sophia on April 8, 2016, in Cape Canaveral, watching her experiment launch to the International Space Station. 我们看到2016年8月8号,安娜索菲亚在斗篷狂欢节上, 看着她的实验被送上国际空间站,
Cape:n.披肩;披风;短斗篷;地角; launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射;
That cloud of smoke is the rocket that brought Anna-Sophia's experiment to the International Space Station, where, three days later, astronaut Tim Peake carried out her experiment --in microgravity. 那朵云是火箭产生的烟雾, 那个火箭带着安娜索菲亚的实验飞往国际空间站, 在那里,三天后, 宇航员蒂姆·皮克在微重力下进行了实验,
Personal DNA machines are now aboard the International Space Station, where they can help monitor living conditions and protect the lives of astronauts. 国际空间站现在有了个人基因机器, 它能幫助监控生活环境, 并保护宇航员生命。
A 16-year-old designing a DNA experiment to protect the lives of astronauts may seem like a rarity , the mark of a child genius . 一个16岁的女孩设计了一个基因试验, 并能够保护宇航员生命, 这似乎很少见,但也表现了孩子的才智。
rarity:n.罕见;珍贵;珍品(需用复数);稀薄; genius:n.天才;天资;才能,本领;
Well, to me, it signals something bigger: that DNA technology is finally within the reach of every one of you. 然而对于我来说,这代表着更重要的东西, 基因技术终于普及到每个人了。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
A few years ago, a college student armed with a personal computer could code an app, an app that is now a social network with more than one billion users. 几年前, 一个拥有个人电脑的大学生, 他编写了一个程序, 一个现在拥有超过十亿用户的社交网络。
personal computer:n.个人电脑;个人计算机;
Could we be moving into a world of one personal DNA machine in every home? 我们能够进入一个 每个家体都有一台个人基因机器的世界吗？
I know families who are already living in this reality. 我知道一些已经实现这个的家庭,
The Daniels family, for example, set up a DNA lab in the basement of their suburban Chicago home. 比如说,丹尼尔的家庭, 在他们芝加哥城郊家里的地下室里建立了一个基因实验室,
suburban:adj.郊区的,城郊的;土气的;见闻不广的;n.郊区居民;
This is not a family made of PhD scientists. 这不是一个拥有博士学位科学家的家庭,
This is a family like any other. 这是一个普通的家庭。
They just like to spend time together doing fun, creative things. 他们只是喜欢花时间一起做一些有趣和有创造力的事情。
creative:adj.创造性的;
By day, Brian is an executive at a private equity firm. 白天,布莱恩是一个私人企業的执行官,
executive:n.管理人员; adj.经营管理的; equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值;
At night and on weekends, he experiments with DNA alongside his kids, ages seven and nine, as a way to explore the living world. 晚上和周末,他和他七岁和九岁的孩子, 进行基因实验, 当成一个探索世界的方式。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
Last time I called them, they were checking out homegrown produce from the backyard garden. 上一次我给他们打电话的时候, 他们正在檢验家里后院种植的产品。
homegrown:adj.国产的;自家种植的; backyard:n.后院;后庭;
They were testing tomatoes that they had picked, taking the flesh of their skin, putting it in a test tube , mixing it with chemicals to extract DNA and then using their home DNA copier to test those tomatoes for genetically engineered traits . 他们正在檢测他们挑选的番茄, 挑出番茄的外表皮和肉,放在檢测管里, 和化学材料混合抽取基因, 然后用他们家里的基因复制器, 檢测那些蕃茄的基因工程特征。
flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖; test tube:adj.人工授精的;在试验管中作成的;n.试管;试验管;人工受精; mixing:n.混合;混频;录音;v.混合,掺和,融合;调配;配制;相容;(mix的现在分词) copier:n.复印机(等于copyingmachine);抄写员;模仿者; genetically:adv.从遗传学角度;从基因方面; traits:n.特性,特质,性格(trait的复数);
For the Daniels family, the personal DNA machine is like the chemistry set for the 21st century. 对于丹尼尔的家庭来说, 个人基因机器就像是21世纪的化学套装,
Most of us may not yet be diagnosing genetic conditions in our kitchen sinks or doing at-home paternity testing. 我们中的大多数人都没有檢测过厨房水槽内的基因条件。 或者在家里做亲子鉴定。
diagnosing:n.诊断;v.诊断(diagnose的现在分词); at-home:在家 paternity:n.父权;父系;父系后裔;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But we've definitely reached a point in history where every one of you could actually get hands-on with DNA in your kitchen. 但是我们一定已经到达了历史的转折点, 你们的每一个人都可以在厨房里接触基因。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; hands-on:adj.亲身实践的,亲自动手的;
You could copy, paste and analyze DNA and extract meaningful information from it. 你们可以复制,合成和分析基因 并从中取出有用的信息,
paste:v.粘贴; n.面团; adj.人造的;
And it's at times like this that profound transformation is bound to happen; moments when a transformative , powerful technology that was before limited to a select few in the ivory tower, 这些重大的改变 是时候要发生了。 这个顛覆性的技术 之前被选择性的禁锢,
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; is bound to:一定会:必然: transformative:adj.变化的,变形的;有改革能力的; limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
finally becomes within the reach of every one of us, from farmers to schoolchildren . 终于能够普及到每一个人, 从农场主到学生。
schoolchildren:n.学童;(schoolchild的复数)
Think about the moment when phones stopped being plugged into the wall by cords , or when computers left the mainframe and entered your home or your office. 想像一下, 当电话不再需要被插在墙上充电, 或者电脑不需要主机, 而且可以安置在家里或办公室。
plugged:v.堵塞;封堵;补充;供给;推广;(plug的过去分词和过去式) cords:n.(结实的)粗线,细绳;灯芯绒裤子;(cord的复数) mainframe:n.[计]主机;大型机;
The ripples of the personal DNA revolution may be hard to predict, but one thing is certain: revolutions don't go backwards, and DNA technology is already spreading faster than our imagination . 波浪状的个人基因革命 可能很难预测, 但是有一件事情是肯定的: 革命不会倒退, 基因技术的传播已经比我们想像的要快。
ripples:n.涟漪;波纹(ripple的复数);v.呈波状(ripple的单三形式); revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式); imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
So if you're curious, get up close and personal with DNA -- today. 所以如果你感到好奇, 现在就仔细的看看个人基因技术。
It is in our DNA to be curious. 好奇,是存在我们基因中的。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）