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SebastianDeterding_2011X-_你的设计如何描述你_
We are today talking about moral persuasion . 我们今天要谈的是道德引导
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; persuasion:n.说服;说服力;信念;派别;
What is moral and immoral in trying to change people's behaviors by using technology and using design? 当我们利用手段或者计谋 试图改变别人的行为时 什么是道德的,什么是不道德的？
immoral:adj.不道德的;邪恶的;淫荡的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
And I don't know what you expect, but when I was thinking about that issue , 我不知道你有什么想法 但是,当我想到这个问题时
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
I early on realized what I'm not able to give you are answers. 我很早就意识到 我不可能给出一个答案
I'm not able to tell you what is moral or immoral because we're living in a pluralist society. 我不可能告诉你们什么是道德的,什么是不道德的 因为我们生活在一个多元化的社会当中
pluralist:n.兼职者;多元论者;兼管数个教堂者;
My values can be radically different from your values. 我的价值观可能迥异于 你的价值观
radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式;
Which means that what I consider moral or immoral based on that might not necessarily be what you consider moral or immoral. 这也就是说基于我的价值观所得的道德或者不道德 并不一定与你的道德标准一样
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
But I also realized that there is one thing that I could give you. 但是我也清楚,有一件事我能给你们
And that is what this guy behind me gave the world -- 这也是我身后这位留给世界的
Socrates .
Socrates:n.苏格拉底(古希腊哲学家);
It is questions.
What I can do and what I would like to do with you is give you, like that initial question, a set of questions to figure out for yourself, layer by layer, like peeling an onion, getting at the core of what you believe is moral or imm oral persuasion. 我能做的,以及我要和你们一起做的就是 给你们,就像刚开头那个问题, 经由一系列的问题 找出自己的答案 一层一层的探讨 就像剥洋葱一样 剥到最后你就会得到你所相信的 道德与不道德的价值观
initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于; layer:n.层,层次; vt.把…分层堆放; vi.形成或分成层次;
And I'd like to do that with a couple of examples of technologies where people have used game elements to get people to do things. 我想用几个科技面的例子来说明 其中,人们利用了比赛的元素 来让别人去做事
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
So it's a first very simple, a very obvious question 首先是一个简单而且显而易见的问题
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
I would like to give you: 我要问的是
What are your intentions if you are designing something? 当你在盘算某件事的时候,你的意图是什么？
intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数)
And obviously intentions are not the only thing, so here is another example for one of these applications. 很明显,意图并不是唯一需要考虑的 所以,在各种运用之中,我要举另一个例子
There are a couple of these kinds of eco-dashboards right now -- so dashboards built into cars which try to motivate you to drive more fuel efficiently . 现在有一些这样的环保仪表盘 这样的仪表盘被装在了车上 从而促使你以更节能的方式去驾驶
dashboards:n.(汽车上的)仪表盘(dashboard的复数); motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因; efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式);
This here is Nissan's MyLeaf, where your driving behavior is compared with the driving behavior of other people, so you can compete for who drives around the most fuel efficiently. 这是日产的环保驾驶指示器 通过它,你的驾驶行为将会与 其他人的驾驶行为进行比较 这样,你就可以和其他驾驶者竞争 看谁最节能
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛);
And these things are very effective , it turns out, so effective that they motivate people to engage in unsafe driving behaviors - - like not stopp ing on a red headlight . 结果证明这样的方式相当的有效 它的效力之大,以至于人们 会采取一些不安全的驾驶方法
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; - like:喜好,相似 headlight:n.汽车等的前灯;船上的桅灯;矿工和医生用的帽灯;
Because that way you have to stop and restart the engine, and that would use quite some fuel, wouldn't it? 这样一来会消耗不少燃料,对吧？
So despite this being a very well-intended application , obviously there was a side effect of that. 所以尽管这种应用的意图是良好的 但很明显还存在一定的副作用
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用; side effect:n.副作用;附带后果;
And here's another example for one of these side effects. 关于副作用,还有另外一个例子
Commendable : a site that allows parents to give their kids little badges for doing the things that parents want their kids to do -- like tying their shoes. Commendable网站: 通过这个网站,父母们可以给孩子颁发小勋章 比如说系鞋带
Commendable:adj.值得赞美的;很好的;可推荐的; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; badges:n.[轻]徽章(badge的复数);v.以…为标志;授予…奖章(badge的三单形式);
And at first that sounds very nice, very benign , well intended . 乍一听,这东西不错
benign:adj.良性的;和蔼的,亲切的;吉利的; intended:adj.预定的;计划的;v.打算;计划;想要;(intend的过去分词和过去式)
But it turns out, if you look into research on people's mindset , that caring about outcomes , caring about public recognition , caring about these kinds of public tokens of recognition is not necessarily very helpful for your long-term ps ychologic al well-being. 结果,你若是看了关于人们思维方式的研究, 就会发现追求结果 在意公众认可 在意这样的代表公众认可的勋章 其实对于长期的心理健康来说 并没有什么帮助
mindset:n.心态;倾向;习惯;精神状态; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可; tokens:n.令牌;代币;标识符;(token的复数)
It's better if you care about learning something. 更好的方式是在意学到了什么
It's better when you care about yourself than how you appear in front of other people. 更好的方式是在意你自己 而不是在意你在别人面前是什么样的
So that kind of motivational tool that is used actually in and of itself has a long-term side effect in that every time we use a technology that uses something like public recognition or status , we're actually positively endorsing this as a good and a normal thing to care about -- that way, possibly having a detrimental effect on the long-term psychological well-being of ourselves as a culture. 所以这样的一种激励工具 就其本身来看 是有长期的副作用的 每一次当我们采取一些方法诸如 利用公众认可或者公众地位的时候 实际上我们是在积极认可这种方法 把它们塑造成了我们理应去在意的事 这样一来,可能对我们整个文化族群 长期心理健康会有不良的影响
motivational:adj.动机的;激发性的;有关动机的;动机说明; status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; positively:adv.肯定地;明确地;断然地; endorsing:v.(公开)赞同,支持,认可; (endorse的现在分词) detrimental:adj.不利的;有害的;n.有害的人(或物);不受欢迎的求婚者;
So that's a second, very obvious question: 所以,第二个显而易见的问题就是:
What are the effects of what you're doing? 你在做的事有什么样的影响？
The effects that you're having with the device , like less fuel, as well as the effects of the actual tools you're using to get people to do things -- public recognition. 你所使用的这个装置所产生的影响 像节能 或是,你所使用切实的方法 让别人去做某件事情 比如公众认可,又会有什么影响
device:n.装置;策略;图案; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
Now is that all -- intention, effect? 意图,影响,这就是全部了吗？
Well there are some technologies which obviously combine both. 实际上,有些技术 显然两者兼具
Both good long-term and short-term effects and a positive intention like Fred Stutzman's Freedom, where the whole point of that application is, well, we're usually so bombarded with calls and requests by other people, 长短期看皆好的影响 以及良好的意图,比如像弗雷德?斯图兹曼的“自由者”软件 这款软件的意图就在于 这样说吧,我们经常受到别人电话 和各种请求的狂轰滥炸
short-term:adj.短期的; bombarded:v.轰炸(bombard的过去分词); adj.被轰击的;
with this device you can shut off the Internet connectivity of your PC of choice for a preset amount of time to actually get some work done. 有了这个软件我们可以让电脑 在预设的一段时间内断开网络连接 这样你就有时间搞定其它事
connectivity:n.[数]连通性; preset:vt.事先调整;事先装置;n.预调装置;adj.预先装置的;预先调整的;
And I think most of us will agree, well that's something well intended and also has good consequences . 我想大多数人都会认同 这个东西的意图是好的 结果也不错
consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
In the words of Michel Foucault, "It is a technology of the self." 用米歇尔·福柯的话说 “这是满足自我的一种科技”
It is a technology that empowers the individual to determine its own life course, to shape itself. 这样的一种技术手段能赋予个人 决定自己生活方式的权力 塑造自己的权力
empowers:授权;使能够(empower的第三人称单数); individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排;
But the problem is, as Foucault points out, that every technology of the self has a technology of domination as its flip side . 但是问题是 福柯也指出了 每一种满足自我的方法 都会有一个对立的控制手段相伴
domination:n.控制;支配; flip side:反面;
As you see in today's modern liberal democracies , the society, the state, not only allows us to determine our self, to shape our self, it also demands it of us. 正如大家所见,如今的现代自由民主国家中
liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; democracies:民主;
It demands that we optimize ourselves, that we control ourselves, that we self-manage continuously because that's the only way in which such a liberal society works. 它要求我们完善自我 要求我们控制自我 要求我们时刻管理自我 因为只有这样 一个自由的社会才能运作
optimize:vt.使最优化,使完善;vi.优化;持乐观态度; continuously:adv.连续不断地;
These technologies want us to stay in the game that society has devised for us. 这些方法想要把我们限定在 社会早已为我们设定好了的规则之中
devised:v.设计(devise的过去式和过去分词);计划;发明;
They want us to fit in even better. 他们希望我们能更好的融入
They want us to optimize ourselves to fit in. 他们希望我们完善自我以融入这个社会
Now I don't say that is necessarily a bad thing.
I just think that this example points us to a general realization , and that is no matter what technology or design you look at, even something we consider as well intended and as good in its effects -- like Stutzman's Freedom -- comes with certain values embedded in it. 我只是想到这样的一个例子 能让我们有一个大体的认识 不管你所看到的是怎样的一种科技或者设计 就算是那些我们认为有良好意图的和良好结果的 就像是斯图兹曼的“自由者”软件 都已经内涵了既定的价值观
realization:n.实现;领悟; no matter what:不管什么…; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
And we can question these values. 然而我们能够质疑这样价值观
We can question: Is it a good thing that all of us continuously self-optimize ourselves to fit better into that society? 我们能够提出疑问:为了能更好的 融入社会而不断自我完善
Or to give you another example, what about a piece of persuasive technology that convinces Muslim women to wear their headscarves ? 或者给你们说说另外一个例子 是什么样的引导方法 让穆斯林女子一直裹着头巾？
persuasive:adj.有说服力的;劝诱的,劝说的; convinces:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说;(convince的第三人称单数) headscarves:n.女人的头巾;
Is that a good or a bad technology in its intentions or in its effects? 就这个方法的意图和影响来看 是好还是坏了？
Well that basically depends on the kind of values that you bring to bear to make these kinds of judgments . 答案基本上是取决于 你所持何种价值观 来进行判断
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; judgments:判断;
So that's a third question: 所以,第三个问题是就是:
What values do you use to judge? 你所用来进行判断的价值观是什么？
And speaking of values, 说到价值观
I've noticed that in the discussion about moral persuasion online, and when I'm talking with people, more often than not there is a weird bias . 我注意到,在网上关于道德引导的讨论中 我在和人们交流的时候 谈话中多半会有一种奇怪的偏见
more often than not:通常;多半; weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
And that bias is that we're asking, is this or that "still" ethical ? 那种偏见就是我们在问到的 这个或那个“依旧”符合伦理吗？
ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药;
Is it "still" permissible ? 这是不是“依旧”被允许的？
permissible:adj.可允许的;获得准许的;
We're asking things like, 我们会问
Is this Oxfam donation form -- where the regular monthly donation is the preset default and people, maybe without intending it, are that way encouraged or nudged 乐施会的捐助形式是 每月的捐款数是之前就定好的 人们可能没打算捐 但是被这种形式鼓励或者驱使着
donation:n.捐赠;捐赠物;赠送; monthly:n.月刊:adv.每个月:每月一次:adj.每月的: default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行; intending:adj.预期的;未来的;v.打算;计划;想要(intend的现在分词) nudged:n.推动; vt.推进; vi.轻推;
into giving a regular donation instead of a one-time donation -- is that still permissible? 定期捐款,而不是一次性捐款
one-time:adj.以前的;古时的;adv.一度(等于onetime);从前;
Is it still ethical?
We're fishing at the low end. 我们这是在下游钓鱼
But in fact, that question "Is it still ethical?" 但事实上,那个问题
is just one way of looking at ethics . 只是审视伦理的其中一种方式
ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准;
Because if you look at the beginning of ethics in Western culture, you see a very different idea of what ethics also could be. 因为,当你看到伦理的开端 你会发现伦理还会有 一种非常不同的理念
at the beginning of:在…的开始;
For Aristotle , ethics was not about the question, is that still good, or is it bad? 对亚里士多德来说,伦理不是关于 这是好的吗,或者这是坏的吗的提问
Aristotle:n.亚里士多德;
Ethics was about the question of how to live life well. 伦理是关于如何好好生活的疑问
And he put that in the word "arete," 而他用一个词将之总结,“arete”
which we, from the Latin , translate as " virtue ."
Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语; translate:v.翻译;被翻译;被译成;(使)转变; virtue:n.美德;优点;贞操;功效;
But really it means excellence .
excellence:n.优秀;美德;长处;
It means living up to your own full potential as a human being. 它的意思是不辜负自己做为一个人的 全部潜力
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
And that is an idea that, I think, that Paul Richard Buchanan nicely put in a recent essay where he said, "Products are vivid arguments about how we should live our lives." 他说:“商品是我们应该怎样过生活的 生动的论述。“
nicely:adv.细致地;有吸引力;令人满意;令人愉快;adj.强健的; vivid:adj.生动的;鲜明的;鲜艳的;
Our designs are not ethical or unethical in that they're using ethical or unethical means of persuading us. 商品的设计是没有的或不道德的, 不管它们使用的是道德的或不道德的手段来说服我们
unethical:adj.不道德的;缺乏职业道德的; persuading:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的现在分词)
They have a moral component just in the kind of vision and the aspiration of the good life that they present to us. 但是它们确实有道义上的成分 其表现在所呈现给我们的对美好生活的 想象和渴望
component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; aspiration:n.渴望;抱负;送气;吸气;吸引术;
And if you look into the designed environment around us with that kind of lens , asking, "What is the vision of the good life that our products, our design, present to us?", then you often get the shivers , because of how little we expect of each other, of how little we actually seem to expect of our life and what the good life looks like. 如果以这种观点,你仔细观察周围 那些设定好的环境 是对美好生活怎样的一种想象？” 你可能会浑身一襟 因为我们对彼此的期待是如此得少 因为我们似乎对我们的生活 和美好生活的样子的期待是如此得少
lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影; shivers:n.寒颤;碎片(shiver的复数);v.颤抖(shiver的第三人称单数);打碎;
So that's the fourth question I'd like to leave you with: 所以,第四个问题就是:
What vision of the good life do your designs convey ? 你所设计的的商品, 传达的是美好生活的 怎样的一种想象呢？
convey:vt.传达;运输;让与;
And speaking of design, you notice that I already broadened the discussion. 说到设计 你注意到我已经扩大了这个讨论
broadened:v.拓展,扩大(broaden的过去分词);
Because it's not just persuasive technology that we're talking about here, it's any piece of design that we put out here in the world. 因为这不仅仅是有引导性的技术的讨论 这是关于我们在这个世界上应用的任何一种设计方法的讨论
I don't know whether you know the great communication researcher Paul Watzlawick who, back in the '60s, made the argument we cannot not communicate. 我不清楚各位知不知道 伟大的交流研究者保罗·瓦兹拉威克 他在上世纪60年代发表了 我们无法不进行交流的论述
Even if we choose to be silent, we chose to be silent. We're communicating something by choosing to be silent. 即使我们选择了保持沉默 我们选择了保持沉默。我们通过选择沉默来进行某种交流
And in the same way that we cannot not communicate, we cannot not persuade . 就像我们无法不进行交流一样 我们无法不进行引导
persuade:v.说服;劝说;使信服;使相信;
Whatever we do or refrain from doing, whatever we put out there as a piece of design into the world has a persuasive component. 不管我们做什么或者制止做什么 不管我们在这个世界上应用了 怎样的设计方法 都有引导的成分
refrain:vi.节制,克制;避免;制止;n.叠句,副歌;重复;
It tries to affect people. 它试图影响人们
It puts a certain vision of the good life out there in front of us. 它给美好生活下好定义 将之摆在我们面前
Which is what Peter-Paul Verbeek, the Dutch philosopher of technology, says. 也就如彼得-保罗·维比克 这位荷兰的技术哲学家所说的
Dutch:adj.荷兰的; n.荷兰人; v.费用平摊地; philosopher:n.哲学家;深思的人;善于思考的人;
No matter whether we as designers intend it or not, we materialize morality . 我们都把道德具象化了
materialize:vt.使具体化,使有形;使突然出现;使重物质而轻精神;vi.实现,成形;突然出现; morality:n.道德;品行,美德;
We make certain things harder and easier to do. 我们让一些事情做起来更困难或者更容易了
make certain:弄清楚;弄确实;
We organize the existence of people.
organize:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;
We put a certain vision of what good or bad or normal or usual is in front of people by everything we put out there in the world. 我们通过在世界中的各种应用 把孰好孰坏,把什么是道德的还是司空见惯的 某种想象摆在人们面前
Even something as innocuous as a set of school chairs is a persuasive technology. 即使是像课桌椅这种无伤大雅的东西 也是一种引导技术
innocuous:adj.无害的;无伤大雅的;
Because it presents and materializes a certain vision of the good life -- the good life in which teaching and learning and listening is about one person teaching, the others listening, 因为这也呈现并物质化了 某种美好生活的想象 在这种教学和聆听的美好生活中 是一个一教课,其他人听课
materializes:vt.使具体化,使有形;使突然出现;使重物质而轻精神;vi.实现,成形;突然出现;
in which it is about, learning is done while sitting, in which you learn for yourself, in which you're not supposed to change these rules because the chairs are fixed to the ground. 听课是要坐着听的 听课是为了自己 你不应该去改变这种规则 因为椅子是固定在地上的
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
And even something as innocuous as a single design chair -- like this one by Arne Jacobsen -- is a persuasive technology. 甚至一只无伤大雅的时尚坐椅 像这只阿纳·雅各布森设计的坐椅 也是一种引导技术
Because, again, it communicates an idea of the good life. 因为,再一次的,这与美好生活的理念相联系
A good life -- a life that you say you as a designer consent to by saying, "In the good life, goods are produced as sustainably or unsustainably as this chair. 美好生活 一种你作为设计者所赞成的生活 你说:“在美好生活中,
consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成; unsustainably:adv.无法维持地;不能证实地;无法确定地;
Workers are treated as well or as badly as the workers were treated who built that chair." 这些工人与那些打造椅子的工人的待遇 同样好,或者同样糟糕
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式)
The good life is a life where design is important because somebody obviously took the time and spent the money for that kind of well-designed chair, where tradition is important because this is a traditional classic and someone cared about this, 美好生活中设计十分重要 因为为了那种精心设计的椅子 显然有人花了时间又花了金钱来买 这其中传统也同样重要 因为这是件传统的经典 而且有人对这很在意
well-designed:adj.精心设计的;设计巧妙的; traditional:传统的,惯例的, classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的;
and where there is something as conspicuous consumption , where it is okay and normal to spend a humungous amount of money on such a chair to signal to other people what your social status is. 花费大笔的金钱在这么一把椅子上 去向其他人展示自己的地位 这也很正常
conspicuous consumption:n.夸耀性消费;炫耀性购买; humungous:adj.极大的;
So these are the kinds of layers , the kinds of questions 好了,这就是我今天想带各位
layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数)
I wanted to lead you through today -- the question of, What are the intentions that you bring to bear when you're designing something? 体会的一些层次,一些问题 ---- 你的意图是什么？
What are the effects, intended and unintended , that you're having? 有意识或是无意识的,你将会造成了哪些影响？
unintended:adj.无意识的;非计划中的;
What are the values you're using to judge those? 你判断这些所用的又是 什么样的价值观?
What are the virtues , the aspirations that you're actually expressing in that? 在这其中,你真正想表达的 美德和渴望又是什么？
virtues:n.优点,贞操;美德; aspirations:n.愿望; expressing:v.表示;表达;表露;显而易见;(express的现在分词)
And how does that apply , not just to persuasive technology, but to everything you design? 这些又是如何运用的？ 不仅仅是运用在引导技术中 这些是如何运用在你设计的每一件事中的？
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求;
Do we stop there? 我们就到此为止了吗？
I don't think so. 我不这么认为
I think that all of these things are eventually informed by the core of all of this -- and this is nothing but life itself. 我觉得所有这些事情最终 都被这个所了解 这不是别的什么东西,这个就是生活本身
eventually:adv.最后,终于; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式)
Why, when the question of what the good life is informs everything that we design, should we stop at design and not ask ourselves, how does it apply to our own life? 为什么？当美好生活的问题 包括了我们所设计的一切 我们是不是应该停止设计,也不要过问 它是如何适用于我们自己的生活的呢？
informs:v.通知:通告:了解:熟悉(inform的第三人称单数))
'"Why should the lamp or the house be an art object, but not our life?" “为什么一盏灯一座房子可以成为艺术品, 而我们的生活就不能呢？
lamp:n.灯;台灯;(理疗用的)发热灯;
as Michel Foucault puts it. 米歇尔·福柯如是说
Just to give you a practical example of Buster Benson.
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
This is Buster setting up a pull-up machine at the office of his new startup Habit Labs , where they're trying to build up other applications like Health Month for people. 这是伯斯特在他新开办的习惯实验室的办公室里 搭起的引体向上机 在那里,他们还尝试着为人们建造其他应用 像是健康月(一个健康促进的游戏网站)
pull-up:n.引体向上;拉起动作;路边小饭馆; Labs:n.实验室;实验大楼;(lab的复数)
And why is he building a thing like this? 那么他为什么要造这么个东西呢？
Well here is the set of axioms that Habit Labs, Buster's startup, put up for themselves on how they wanted to work together as a team when they're building these applications -- a set of moral principles they set themselves for working together -- and one of them being, "We take care of our own health and manage our own burnout ." 是习惯实验室,伯斯特的新公司,写给他们自己的 这是他们为自己共同合作 所写的一系列道德准则 其中一条是 “我们照顾好自己并且控制好自己的倦怠”
axioms:n.[数]公理;公设;原理(axiom的复数); principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) burnout:n.烧坏;燃料烧尽;
Because ultimately how can you ask yourselves and how can you find an answer on what vision of the good life you want to convey and create with your designs without asking the question, what vision of the good life do you yourself want to live? 因为根本上,如果不去问你自己想要 生活在怎样的一种 美好生活中 你如何能设计出 能为你传达的想创造的 那种美好生活的想象 的商品?
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
And with that, I thank you. 以此为总结 感谢各位
(Applause) (掌声)