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SeanFollmer_2015X-_变形技术将改变我们所了解的工作方式_
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| We've evolved with tools, and tools have evolved with us. |
我们因工具而进化,工具因我们而演进。 |
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evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式)
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| Our ancestors created these hand axes 1.5 million years ago, shaping them to not only fit the task at hand but also their hand. |
我们的祖先在 150 万年前创造了这些手斧, 它们的塑形不仅适合工作本身, 也适合使用它的「手」。 |
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axes:n.轴线;轴心;坐标轴;斧头(axe的复数);
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| However, over the years, tools have become more and more specialized . |
然而,多年来, 工具越来越专業。 |
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specialized:adj.专业的; v.专门研究(或从事); (specialize的过去式和过去分词)
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| These sculpting tools have evolved through their use, and each one has a different form which matches its function. |
这些雕刻工具随着它们的使用而发展, 而且,针对不同的功能,每一个都有不同的形状。 |
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sculpting:v.雕刻;雕塑;使具有某种形状;(sculpt的现在分词)
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| And they leverage the dexterity of our hands in order to manipulate things with much more precision . |
充分的发挥我们手的灵巧性, 使得操控任务时,能达到更高的精确度。 |
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leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购; dexterity:n.灵巧;敏捷;机敏; manipulate:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改; precision:n.精度,[数]精密度;精确;adj.精密的,精确的;
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| But as tools have become more and more complex , we need more complex controls to control them. |
但随着工具变得越来越复杂, 我们需要更复杂的操控机制来控制它们。 |
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complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
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| And so designers have become very adept at creating interfaces that allow you to manipulate parameters while you're attending to other things, such as taking a photograph and changing the focus or the aperture . |
因此,设计者更加擅长建立使用者介面 当你参与不同场合时允许你调整参数。 譬如拍照,改变焦距 或光圈。 |
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adept:adj.熟练的;擅长…的;n.内行;能手; interfaces:n.分界面; v.把界面缝合; (interface的复数) parameters:n.决定因素;规范;范围;(parameter的复数) aperture:n.孔,穴;(照相机,望远镜等的)光圈,孔径;缝隙;
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| But the computer has fundamentally changed the way we think about tools because computation is dynamic . |
然而,电脑从根本上改变了我们对工具的看法。 因为计算学是强而有力的, |
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fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 computation:n.估计,计算; dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的;
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| So it can do a million different things and run a million different applications. |
所以,它可以做1百万种不同的事, 并执行1百万个不同的应用程式。 |
| However, computers have the same static physical form for all of these different applications and the same static interface elements as well. |
然而,对不同的应用程式来说, 电脑都提供相同的实体形式 和相同不变的介面元素。 |
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static:adj.静止的; n.[物]静电(干扰); physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数)
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| And I believe that this is fundamentally a problem, because it doesn't really allow us to interact with our hands and capture the rich dexterity that we have in our bodies. |
而且我相信,这会是根本性的一个问题是。 因为这些介面元素不是真的可以和我们双手互动, 以展现出我们身体拥有丰富的充灵巧性。 |
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interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获
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| And my belief is that, then, we must need new types of interfaces that can capture these rich abilities that we have and that can physically adapt to us and allow us to interact in new ways. |
而我的信念是,那么我们必须开发新类型的介面。 可以充分展现我们所拥有的丰富能力。 而且,是可以为我们动态调整的「实体」, 让我们以新的方式和它互动。 |
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adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
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| And so that's what I've been doing at the MIT Media Lab and now at Stanford. |
所以这就是我在麻省理工学院媒体实验室一直在做的事, 现在则在史丹佛大学。 |
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Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
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| So with my colleagues , Daniel Leithinger and Hiroshi Ishii, we created inFORM , where the interface can actually come off the screen and you can physically manipulate it. |
因此,与我的同事,丹尼尔和石井浩, 我们开发了inFORM介面, 这介面,实际上可以从「屏幕」中跳脱出来, 你可以采用「实体」的形态来操控它。 |
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colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); inFORM:v.通知;告诉;报告;告发;告密;
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| Or you can visualize 3D information physically and touch it and feel it to understand it in new ways. |
或者,你可以看到电脑3D资讯以「实体」的型态来呈现。 可以触摸它、感觉它,以新的方式了解它。 |
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visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
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| Or you can interact through gestures and direct deformations to sculpt digital clay . |
或者,你可以透过手势的互动,指挥变形, 当成「数位化粘土」来玩雕刻, |
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gestures:n.手势; v.做手势; (gesture的第三人称单数和复数) deformations:[力]变形; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; clay:n.黏土;陶土;
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| Or interface elements can arise out of the surface and change on demand . |
或是展现「从表面浮出」的人机介面元素, 都可随指令而改变。 |
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arise out of:起于…; on demand:请求即;按需;随选;随需应变;
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| And the idea is that for each individual application , the physical form can be matched to the application. |
这个想法是,对于每支应用程式, 都有其「实体」形态可配合。 |
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individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
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| And I believe this represents a new way that we can interact with information, by making it physical. |
我相信这是我们将电脑讯息 「实体」化后 与其互动的一个新方法 |
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represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数)
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| So the question is, how can we use this? |
所以,问题是,我们如何使用呢？ |
| Traditionally , urban planners and architects build physical models of cities and buildings to better understand them. |
传统上,都市规划者与建筑师会建立城市和建物的「实体」模型, 以便更加了解他们的设计与规划。 |
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Traditionally:adv.传统上;习惯上;传说上; urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; planners:n.规划师;规划人员(planner的复数);计划人员; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
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| So with Tony Tang at the Media Lab, we created an interface built on inFORM to allow urban planners to design and view entire cities. |
所以,我与东尼．唐,我们在媒体实验室,建立了 inFORM 介面。 让都市规划者用它来设计,并观看整个城市面貌。 |
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Tang:n.特性; vt.使声尖锐; vi.发出铿锵声;
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| And now you can walk around it, but it's dynamic, it's physical, and you can also interact directly . |
现在,你可以四处走动,它是动态的、它是「实体」的, 你也可以直接和它互动。 |
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directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
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| Or you can look at different views, such as population or traffic information, but it's made physical. |
或者,你可以看看不同浏览模式, 譬如居民人数、或交通资讯, 但它却是以「实体」来呈现。 |
| We also believe that these dynamic shape displays can really change the ways that we remotely collaborate with people. |
我们也相信,这些动态外形的显示真的可以 改变我们以远距离的方式与人合力执行任务的方式。 |
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displays:v.陈列; n.陈列; remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地; collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌;
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| So when we're working together in person, |
当我们与人实际接触一起工作时, |
| I'm not only looking at your face but I'm also gesturing and manipulating objects, and that's really hard to do when you're using tools like Skype . |
我不是只盯着你的脸 我还与你比手势,同时操控物件, 这种工作方式很难以 Skype 工具来取代。 |
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gesturing:v.做手势;用动作示意;(gesture的现在分词) manipulating:v.(暗中)控制,操纵,影响;正骨;治疗脱臼;(manipulate的现在分词) Skype:n.网络电话(一个网络语音沟通工具);
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| And so using inFORM, you can reach out from the screen and manipulate things at a distance . |
然而使用 inFORM 介面,你可以从屏幕伸出你的「手」 去操控远方的物件。 |
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at a distance:在远处;有相当距离;
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| So we used the pins of the display to represent people's hands, allowing them to actually touch and manipulate objects at a distance. |
因此,我们使用的显示器上的「图针」来代替我们的手, 使他们能够实际接触物件,并且以远距离的方式来操控物件。 |
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pins:n.插脚,针;精确的综合导航系统;
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| And you can also manipulate and collaborate on 3D data sets as well, so you can gesture around them as well as manipulate them. |
而且你还可以操控和与人合力处理三维空间的资料, 所以你可以在周围比手势以及操控它们。 |
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as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
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| And that allows people to collaborate on these new types of 3D information in a richer way than might be possible with traditional tools. |
这使人们能够和人合力处理三维空间的资料, 这比使用传统工具的处理方式更为丰富。 |
| And so you can also bring in existing objects, and those will be captured on one side and transmitted to the other. |
所以,你也可以把现有物件带入, 让另一方捕捉,再传送到对方。 |
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captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词) transmitted:v.传送;输送;发射;播送;传播;传染;(transmit的过去分词和过去式)
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| Or you can have an object that's linked between two places, so as I move a ball on one side, the ball moves on the other as well. |
或者,你可以拥有一个「连结两方」的物件: 所以当我在一侧移动一个球时, 另一侧的球也是会跟着动。 |
| And so we do this by capturing the remote user using a depth-sensing camera like a Microsoft Kinect. |
我们利用深度感应摄影机捕获远程使用者的动作, 就像微软Kinect。 |
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capturing:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;(capture的现在分词)
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| Now, you might be wondering how does this all work, and essentially , what it is, is 900 linear actuators that are connected to these mechanical linkages that allow motion down here to be propagated in these pins above. |
现在,你可能想知道这一切是如何运作。 基本上,它是900个「线性传动器」 连接到这些「机械联动装置」, 让底下产生的运动传递到上面的「图针」。 |
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essentially:adv.本质上;本来; linear:adj.线的,线型的;直线的,线状的;长度的; actuators:n.[电]致动器,制动器(actuator复数形式); mechanical:adj.机械的;力学的;呆板的;无意识的;手工操作的; linkages:n.联系(linkage的复数); motion:n.动作;移动;手势;请求;意向;议案;v.运动;打手势; propagated:传播;
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| So it's not that complex compared to what's going on at CERN, but it did take a long time for us to build it. |
并非像CERN协会的核子研究那么复杂, 但是要打造它,确实相当费时。 |
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compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
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| And so we started with a single motor, a single linear actuator, and then we had to design a custom circuit board to control them. |
于是我们开始使用单一马达、 单一线性传动器, 然后我们必须订制设计「线路框」来控制它们。 |
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circuit board:n.线路板;电路板;
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| And then we had to make a lot of them. |
我们必须制造很多套, |
| And so the problem with having 900 of something is that you have to do every step 900 times. |
要制造900 多套的问题是 每一步骤必须执行900 多次。 |
| And so that meant that we had a lot of work to do. |
这意味着我们有大量的工作要做。 |
| So we sort of set up a mini-sweatshop in the Media Lab and brought undergrads in and convinced them to do "research" -- |
所以,有点像是在媒体实验室设立了迷你血汗工厂, 招募大学在校生,说服他们做「研究」 。 |
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undergrads:n.大学肄业生;adj.大学生的(等于undergraduate); convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| and had late nights watching movies, eating pizza and screwing in thousands of screws . |
深夜有电影可看,有披萨可吃, 但你得锁上成千上万的螺丝。 |
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screwing:v.用螺丝固定(或拧牢);拧紧;拧上去;(screw的现在分词) screws:n.[机]螺丝; v.用螺钉固定;
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| You know -- research. |
你知道的 - 「研究」。 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| But anyway, I think that we were really excited by the things that inFORM allowed us to do. |
但无论如何,我认为我们兴奋的事是 inFORM 介面技术可以做到很多事情。 |
| Increasingly , we're using mobile devices , and we interact on the go . |
我们可应用在更多「随身携带」的的行动装置,与之互动。 |
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Increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); on the go:adj.忙个不停的;活跃的;
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| But mobile devices, just like computers, are used for so many different applications. |
但是,行动装置,像是电脑, 可以用在许多不同的应用程式。 |
| So you use them to talk on the phone, to surf the web, to play games, to take pictures or even a million different things. |
所以,你用它们来讲电话、 上网、玩游戏、拍照, 近上百万种不同的事情。 |
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surf:v.冲浪;进行冲浪运动;(互联网上)浏览;n.激浪;拍岸浪花;
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| But again, they have the same static physical form for each of these applications. |
但是,对于这些应用程式, 它们仍然具有相同的实体形式。 |
| And so we wanted to know how can we take some of the same interactions that we developed for inFORM and bring them to mobile devices. |
因此,我们想知道如何 将我们开发的 inFORM 互动介面 应用于行动装置上。 |
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interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数)
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| So at Stanford, we created this haptic edge display, which is a mobile device with an array of linear actuators that can change shape, so you can feel in your hand where you are as you're reading a book. |
因此,在史丹佛大学,我们建立「触感边缘显示器」, 它是一个搭配「线性传动器」的阵列行动装置, 可改变形状, 你可以在手中感觉到它的变化,因而知道书阅读至何处。 |
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haptic:adj.触觉的; array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮;
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| Or you can feel in your pocket new types of tactile sensations that are richer than the vibration . |
或者;你可以从口袋感受到新触感, 这些会比「振动」更丰富。 |
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tactile:adj.[生理]触觉的,有触觉的;能触知的; sensations:n.感觉;轰动;感动; vibration:n.振动;犹豫;心灵感应;
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| Or buttons can emerge from the side that allow you to interact where you want them to be. |
或从侧面出现按钮,出现在你要的位置, 让你与之互动。 |
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emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相;
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| Or you can play games and have actual buttons. |
或者,让你在玩游戏时有真实的按钮可按。 |
| And so we were able to do this by embedding 40 small, tiny linear actuators inside the device, and that allow you not only to touch them but also back-drive them as well. |
因此,我们能够做到这一点: 在装置内部嵌入40个微小「线性驱动器」, 让你不仅仅可以触摸他们, 还可以把它们收拢。 |
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embedding:v.把…牢牢地嵌入(或插入、埋入); (embed的现在分词)
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| But we've also looked at other ways to create more complex shape change. |
但我们也想看看其它建立更复杂的形状变化。 |
| So we've used pneumatic actuation to create a morphing device where you can go from something that looks a lot like a phone ... |
我们采用气动式传动器建立一个变形装置, 它一开始看起来可以像一支电话... |
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pneumatic:adj.气动的;充气的;有气胎的;n.气胎; actuation:n.冲动,驱使;刺激;行动; morphing:n.变形;
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| to a wristband on the go. |
变成随身的腕带。 |
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wristband:n.袖口;腕套;手表带;
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| And so together with Ken Nakagaki at the Media Lab, we created this new high-resolution version that uses an array of servomotors to change from interactive wristband to a touch-input device to a phone. |
所以,我与肯中垣在媒体实验室 建立这个「高解析度」版本, 使用一些伺服马达,改变了不只是互动式腕带, 还有其他如触摸式输入装置、 电话...等。 |
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Ken:n.视野范围,见地,知识范围; high-resolution:n.高分辨率; servomotors:n.伺服电动机;继动器; interactive:adj.合作的;相互影响的;互相配合的;交互式的;n.交互式视频设备;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And we're also interested in looking at ways that users can actually deform the interfaces to shape them into the devices that they want to use. |
而且我们也有兴趣地寻找 使用者在实际应用上可以随意变形的方法, 可以塑造成他们要的使用装置。 |
| So you can make something like a game controller, and then the system will understand what shape it's in and change to that mode. |
所以,你可以把它变成游戏操控器, 然后系统侦到测目前是处于什么形状, 就切换到该模式。 |
| So, where does this point? |
那么,我们该如何定位？ |
| How do we move forward from here? |
又该如何由此更加进步？ |
| I think, really, where we are today is in this new age of the Internet of Things, where we have computers everywhere -- they're in our pockets, they're in our walls, they're in almost every device that you'll buy in the next five years. |
我觉得今天处在 物联网的新时代, 一个电脑无所不在的时代。 他们在我们的口袋里、他们在我们的墙壁、 他们几乎存在于未来五年内你会购买的每一个装置里。 |
| But what if we stopped thinking about devices and think instead about environments? |
但是,如果我们停止思考装置, 先回头想想环境呢？ |
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what if:如果…怎么办?
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| And so how can we have smart furniture or smart rooms or smart environments or cities that can adapt to us physically, and allow us to do new ways of collaborating with people and doing new types of tasks? |
那,我们如何才能拥有智能家具、 智能房间 或 智能环境 或者「实体」上可以随时被我们调整的城市, 找到与人合作的新方法 执行新类型的任务？ |
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furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物; collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词)
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| So for the Milan Design Week, we created TRANSFORM , which is an interactive table-scale version of these shape displays, which can move physical objects on the surface; for example, reminding you to take your keys. |
所以在米兰设计周,我们建立了 《蜕变》 TRANSFORM, 这是一个桌面互动的「模形显示器」版本, 可在表面上移动实体物件,例如: 提醒你携带钥匙。 |
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TRANSFORM:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; reminding:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的现在分词)
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| But it can also transform to fit different ways of interacting . |
但它也可以变形以调整不同互动模式。 |
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interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词)
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| So if you want to work, then it can change to sort of set up your work system. |
所以,如果你要工作了, 那么,它可以改变成你想要的工作环境。 |
| And so as you bring a device over, it creates all the affordances you need and brings other objects to help you accomplish those goals. |
只要把设备带过来, 它建立所有你需要的预设用途, 并带来其他物件幫你实现这些目的。 |
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accomplish:v.完成;实现;达到;
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| So, in conclusion , |
总而言之 |
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in conclusion:总之;最后;
|
| I really think that we need to think about a new, fundamentally different way of interacting with computers. |
我真的认为需要思考一下,一个崭新的、从根本上改变的 人和电脑互动的方法。 |
| We need computers that can physically adapt to us and adapt to the ways that we want to use them and really harness the rich dexterity that we have of our hands, and our ability to think spatially about information by making it physical. |
我们需要电脑可以在「实体」上随时配合我们调整, 调整成我们想使用的方式, 真正充分利用我们手的丰富灵巧性, 并且我们有能力透过「实体」化的呈现,来思考空间资讯。 |
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harness:vt.治理; n.马具; spatially:adv.空间地;存在于空间地;
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| But looking forward, I think we need to go beyond this, beyond devices, to really think about new ways that we can bring people together, and bring our information into the world, and think about smart environments that can adapt to us physically. |
但是,期待未来,我认为我们可以超越这个装置技术, 认真思考如何结合所有人的力量, 并把我们的资讯带入这个世界, 想想智能环境,可以随时配合我们调整。 |
| So with that, I will leave you. |
基于上述,后续发展我将留给各位 |
| Thank you very much. |
非常感谢大家。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |